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Lu Y, Zhao R, Zhang J, Liu M, Gao J. Minimal Active Space: NOSCF and NOSI in Multistate Density Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:6407-6420. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyi Lu
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Ruoqi Zhao
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen518055, China
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province130023, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Meiyi Liu
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Jiali Gao
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen518055, China
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
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Carlotto S, Babetto L, Bortolus M, Carlotto A, Rancan M, Bottaro G, Armelao L, Carbonera D, Casarin M. Nature of the Ligand-Centered Triplet State in Gd 3+ β-Diketonate Complexes as Revealed by Time-Resolved EPR Spectroscopy and DFT Calculations. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15141-15150. [PMID: 34612628 PMCID: PMC8763374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
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A series of Gd3+ complexes
(Gd1–Gd3) with the general formula
GdL3(EtOH)2, where L is a β-diketone ligand
with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
substituents of increasing size (1–3), was studied by combining time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance
(TR-EPR) spectroscopy and DFT calculations to rationalize the anomalous
spectroscopic behavior of the bulkiest complex (Gd3)
through the series. Its faint phosphorescence band is observed only
at 80 K and it is strongly red-shifted (∼200 nm) from the intense
fluorescence band. Moreover, the TR-EPR spectral analysis found that
triplet levels of 3/Gd3 are effectively
populated and have smaller |D| values than those
of the other compounds. The combined use of zero-field splitting and
spin density delocalization calculations, together with spin population
analysis, allows us to explain both the large red shift and the low
intensity of the phosphorescence band observed for Gd3. The large red shift is determined by the higher delocalization
degree of the wavefunction, which implies a larger energy gap between
the excited S1 and T1 states. The low intensity
of the phosphorescence is due to the presence of C–H groups
which favor non-radiative decay. These groups are present in all complexes;
nevertheless, they have a relevant spin density only in Gd3. The spin population analysis on NaL models, in which Na+ is coordinated to a deprotonated ligand, mimicking the coordinative
environment of the complex, confirms the outcomes on the free ligands. A series of Gd3+ complexes
(Gd1−Gd3) were studied by combining
TR-EPR spectroscopy and DFT
calculations to rationalize the deviant spectroscopic behavior of
the bulkiest complex (Gd3). The combination of ZFS calculations
and the spin density delocalization analysis ascribed the larger red
shift to the higher degree of delocalization of the wavefunction and
the low intensity of the phosphorescence band to the presence of C−H
groups with relevant spin density that favor non-radiative decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carlotto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Babetto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Bortolus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alice Carlotto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marzio Rancan
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gregorio Bottaro
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lidia Armelao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology of Materials (DSCTM), National Research Council (CNR), Piazzale A. Moro 7, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Donatella Carbonera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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