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Gao F, Chen J, Cao Q, Li Q, Zheng J, Li X. Three Different Types of Asymmetric Polymerization of Aryl Isocyanides by Using Simple Rare-Earth Metal Trialkyl Precursors. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jupeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingbin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiaozhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
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Abstract
Research interest in the isocyanide-based reaction can be traced back to 1921 when the Passerini reaction was first reported. However, most of these research efforts did not lead to important progress in the synthesis of isocyanide-based polymers (IBPs). The major challenge resides in the lack of highly efficient polymerization methods, which limits large-scale preparation and applications. Modern organic chemistry provides efficient access to develop functional IBPs on the basis of isocyanide chemistry. However, it is still challenging to prepare the IBPs with small molecular isocyanide reaction. Our investigations into catalyst exploration and polymerization methodology have prompted the synthesis of a series of IBPs. Two classes of isocyanide monomers can be used for the construction of IBPs. The first class includes monomers with a single isocyanide. Novel catalysts for the synthetic chemistry of isocyanide allow the introduction of functional pendants into the linear polymer chains. This molecular functionalization endows the polymers with an array of new functional properties. For example, the incorporation of a chromophore on the polymeric side chain provides novel functional properties, such as aggregation-induced emission and optical activity. Diisocyanide monomers can be also utilized for the construction of heterocyclic, spiro-heterocyclic, and bispiro-heterocyclic polymers in the polymeric backbones. A new concept of "multi-component spiropolymerization" has been developed for the preparation of spiropolymers using the catalysis-free one-pot reaction. Proper structural design allows for the preparation of a heterocyclic polymeric chain with natural bioactivity and biological compatibility, generating new IBPs with biofunctionalities.In this Account, we discuss progress mainly made in our lab and related fields for the design of isocyanide monomers, exploration of new catalysts, and optimization of reaction conditions. The subsequent section discusses the characteristic properties and applications of selected examples of these functional polymers, mainly focusing on their optical applications. We have investigated the UV-sensitive IBPs that could potentially be used for lithography applications. One-pot highly efficient polymerization of diisocyanides and CO2 under mild conditions can provide a new method for realizing the reuse of CO2 and reducing the greenhouse effect. Through a combination of structural modifications, IBPs bearing dimethylbenzene moieties exhibit characteristics of black materials that can be potentially utilized as pyroelectric sensors, thermal detectors, and optical instruments. Most recently, our group synthesized a spiro-heterocyclic IBP with clusterization-triggered emission properties that can be used to discriminate cancer cells from normal cells and provides a new method for the treatment of cancer. The studies reviewed in this Account suggest that polymerization with isocyanide chemistry can be implemented in diverse functional macromolecules and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxu Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yue Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianbing Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuping Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Schraff S, Kreienborg NM, Trampert J, Sun Y, Orthaber A, Merten C, Pammer F. Asymmetric chain‐growth synthesis of polyisocyanide with chiral nickel
precatalysts. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schraff
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Ulm Ulm Germany
| | - Nora M. Kreienborg
- Organic Chemistry II, Ruhr University BochumFaculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Bochum Germany
| | - Jens Trampert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Ulm Ulm Germany
| | - Yu Sun
- Fachbereich Chemie, Anorganische ChemieTechnische Universität Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström laboratoriesUppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Christian Merten
- Organic Chemistry II, Ruhr University BochumFaculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Bochum Germany
| | - Frank Pammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Ulm Ulm Germany
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Yan X, Zhang S, Zhang P, Wu X, Liu A, Guo G, Dong Y, Li X. [Ph 3 C][B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ]: A Highly Efficient Metal-Free Single-Component Initiator for the Helical-Sense-Selective Cationic Copolymerization of Chiral Aryl Isocyanides and Achiral Aryl Isocyanides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8947-8952. [PMID: 29756408 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Commercially available [Ph3 C][B(C6 F5 )4 ] served as a highly efficient metal-free and single-component initiator not only for the carbocationic polymerization of polar and bulky aryl isocyanides with extremely high activity up to 1.2×107 g of polymer/(molcat. h), but also for the helical-sense-selective polymerization of chiral aryl isocyanides and copolymerization with achiral aryl isocyanides to afford high-molecular-weight functional poly(aryl isocyanide)s with good solubility as well as AIE characteristics and/or a single-handed helical conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shaowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaolu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - An Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ge Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuping Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced, Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
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Yan X, Zhang S, Zhang P, Wu X, Liu A, Guo G, Dong Y, Li X. [Ph3
C][B(C6
F5
)4
]: A Highly Efficient Metal-Free Single-Component Initiator for the Helical-Sense-Selective Cationic Copolymerization of Chiral Aryl Isocyanides and Achiral Aryl Isocyanides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 South Zhongguancun Street Haidian District, Beijing 100081 China
| | - Shaowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 South Zhongguancun Street Haidian District, Beijing 100081 China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 South Zhongguancun Street Haidian District, Beijing 100081 China
| | - Xiaolu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 South Zhongguancun Street Haidian District, Beijing 100081 China
| | - An Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 South Zhongguancun Street Haidian District, Beijing 100081 China
| | - Ge Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 South Zhongguancun Street Haidian District, Beijing 100081 China
| | - Yuping Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced, Functional Materials and Green Applications; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 100081 China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; 5 South Zhongguancun Street Haidian District, Beijing 100081 China
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