1
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Yang H, Du Y, Zhang G, Han L, Zhang L, Xu R. Main-Chain Benzoxazines Containing an Erythritol Acetal Structure: Thermal and Degradation Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:7234. [PMID: 37894713 PMCID: PMC10608865 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the bio-based raw material erythritol was used to introduce an acetal structure into the benzoxazine resins. The benzoxazine-based resins containing an erythritol acetal structure could be degraded in an acidic solution and were environmentally friendly thermosetting resins. Compounds and resins were characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analyses, and melting points were studied by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC); the molecular weight was analyzed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The dynamic mechanical properties and thermal stability of polybenzoxazine resins were studied by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), respectively. The thermal aging, wet-heat resistance, and degradation properties of polybenzoxazine resins were tested. The results showed that the polybenzoxazine resins synthesized in this paper had good thermal-oxidative aging, and wet-heat resistance and could be completely degraded in an acidic solution (55 °C DMF: water: 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution = 5:2:4 (v/v/v)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; (H.Y.); (Y.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Yanqin Du
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; (H.Y.); (Y.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guangshe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; (H.Y.); (Y.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Ling Han
- SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China;
| | - Longgui Zhang
- SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China;
| | - Riwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; (H.Y.); (Y.D.); (G.Z.)
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2
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Soliman AMM, Aly KI, Mohamed MG, Amer AA, Belal MR, Abdel-Hakim M. Synthesis, characterization and protective efficiency of novel polybenzoxazine precursor as an anticorrosive coating for mild steel. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5581. [PMID: 37019919 PMCID: PMC10076265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, 2-[(E)-(hexylimino)methyl] phenol (SA-Hex-SF) was synthesized by adding salicylaldehyde (SA) and n-hexylamine (Hex-NH2), which was subsequently reduced by sodium borohydride to produce 2-[(hexylamino)methyl] phenol (SA-Hex-NH). Finally, the SA-Hex-NH reacted with formaldehyde to give a benzoxazine monomer (SA-Hex-BZ). Then, the monomer was thermally polymerized at 210 °C to produce the poly(SA-Hex-BZ). The chemical composition of SA-Hex-BZ was examined using FT-IR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD), respectively, were used to examine the thermal behavior, surface morphology, and crystallinity of the SA-Hex-BZ and its PBZ polymer. Mild steel (MS) was coated by poly(SA-Hex-BZ) which was quickly prepared using spray coating and thermal curing techniques (MS). Finally, the electrochemical tests were used to evaluate the poly(SA-Hex-BZ)-coating on MS as anti-corrosion capabilities. According to this study, the poly(SA-Hex-BZ) coating was hydrophobic, and corrosion efficiency reached 91.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M M Soliman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Kamal I Aly
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Amer A Amer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Mostafa R Belal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Hakim
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
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3
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Liu Y, Yuan L, Liang G, Gu A. Developing intrinsic halogen-free and phosphorus-free flame retardant biobased benzoxazine resins with superior thermal stability and high strength. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Xie L, Yang R, Li N, Froimowicz P, Zhang K. Competitive Study of Novel Triptycene-Containing Benzoxazine Monomers and a Thermoresponsive Linear Main Chain-Type Benzoxazine Copolymer: Synthesis, Polymerization, and Thermal Properties of Their Thermosets. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Nan Li
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Pablo Froimowicz
- Design and Chemistry of Macromolecules Group, Institute of Technology in Polymers and Nanotechnology (ITPN), UBA-CONICET, FADU, University of Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón III, Subsuelo, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Kan Zhang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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5
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Kolesnikov TI, Orlova AM, Drozdov FV, Buzin AI, Cherkaev GV, Kechekyan AS, Dmitryakov PV, Belousov SI, Kuznetsov AA. New imide-based thermosets with propargyl ether groups for high temperature composite application. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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6
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Baghbanbashi M, Pazuki G, Khoee S. One Pot Silica Nanoparticle Modification and Doxorubicin Encapsulation as pH-Responsive Nanocarriers, Applying PEG/Lysine Aqueous Two Phase System. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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7
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Metal Complexes of the Porphyrin-Functionalized Polybenzoxazine. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030449. [PMID: 35160439 PMCID: PMC8839356 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
New porphyrin-functionalized benzoxazine (Por-BZ) in high purity and yield was synthesized in this study based on 1H and 13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopic analyses through the reduction of Schiff base formed from tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin (TAPP) and salicylaldehyde and the subsequent reaction with CH2O. Thermal properties of the product formed through ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of Por-BZ were measured using DSC, TGA and FTIR spectroscopy. Because of the rigid structure of the porphyrin moiety appended to the benzoxazine unit, the temperature required for ROP (314 °C) was higher than the typical Pa-type benzoxazine monomer (ca. 260 °C); furthermore, poly(Por-BZ) possessed a high thermal decomposition temperature (Td10 = 478 °C) and char yield (66 wt%) after thermal polymerization at 240 °C. An investigation of the thermal and luminescence properties of metal–porphyrin complexes revealed that the insertion of Ni and Zn ions decreased the thermal ROP temperatures of the Por-BZ/Ni and Por-BZ/Zn complexes significantly, to 241 and 231 °C, respectively. The metal ions acted as the effective promoter and catalyst for the thermal polymerization of the Por-BZ monomer, and also improved the thermal stabilities after thermal polymerization.
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8
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Yang R, Xie L, Li N, Froimowicz P, Zhang K. Synthesis of a triptycene-containing dioxazine benzoxazine monomer and a main-chain triptycene-polydimethysiloxane-benzoxazine copolymer with excellent comprehensive properties. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00244b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel triptycene-containing dioxazine benzoxazine monomer and a main-chain benzoxazine copolymer have been synthesized and their corresponding thermosets exhibit excellent thermal stability, low flammability and low dielectric constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Nan Li
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Pablo Froimowicz
- Design and Chemistry of Macromolecules Group, Institute of Technology in Polymers and Nanotechnology (ITPN), UBA-CONICET, FADU, University of Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón III, subsuelo, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kan Zhang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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9
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Kolesnikov TI, Orlova AM, Tsegelskaya AY, Cherkaev GV, Kechekyan AS, Buzin AI, Dmitryakov PV, Belousov SI, Abramov IG, Serushkina OV, Kuznetsov AA. Dual-curing propargyl-phthalonitrile imide-based thermoset: Synthesis, characterization and curing behavior. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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10
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Kobayashi T, Muraoka M, Goto M, Minami M, Sogawa H, Sanda F. Main-chain type benzoxazine polymers consisting of polypropylene glycol and phenyleneethynylene units: spacer effect on curing behavior and thermomechanical properties. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Liu J, Cao L, Dai J, Peng Y, Liu X. A deep insight into polybenzoxazole formation in the heterocycle-containing polybenzoxazine: An enlightening thought for smarter precursor design. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Zhang K, Hao B, Ishida H. Synthesis of a smart bisbenzoxazine with combined advantages of bismaleimide and benzoxazine resins and its unexpected formation of very high performance cross-linked polybenzoxazole. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Lu Y, Yu X, Han L, Zhang K. Recent Progress of High Performance Thermosets Based on Norbornene Functional Benzoxazine Resins. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1417. [PMID: 33925643 PMCID: PMC8124165 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
With the growing demand for high performance polymeric materials in industry, several types of thermosets such as bismaleimides, advanced epoxy resins, cyanate esters, and phenolic resins have been widely investigated to improve the performance of thermosetting products. Among them, benzoxazine resins have received wide attention due to their extraordinarily rich molecular design flexibility, which can customize our needs and adapt increasing requirements. To further improve the properties of polybenzoxiazines, researchers have found that the introduction of a norbornene functional group into the benzoxazine moiety can effectively improve the comprehensive performance of polybenzoxazine thermosets. This article focused on reviewing the recent development of high-performance thermosets based on norbornene functional benzoxazine thermosetting resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Lu
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xinye Yu
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Lu Han
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Kan Zhang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
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14
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Lochab B, Monisha M, Amarnath N, Sharma P, Mukherjee S, Ishida H. Review on the Accelerated and Low-Temperature Polymerization of Benzoxazine Resins: Addition Polymerizable Sustainable Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1260. [PMID: 33924552 PMCID: PMC8069336 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their outstanding and versatile properties, polybenzoxazines have quickly occupied a great niche of applications. Developing the ability to polymerize benzoxazine resin at lower temperatures than the current capability is essential in taking advantage of these exceptional properties and remains to be most challenging subject in the field. The current review is classified into several parts to achieve this goal. In this review, fundamentals on the synthesis and evolution of structure, which led to classification of PBz in different generations, are discussed. Classifications of PBzs are defined depending on building block as well as how structure is evolved and property obtained. Progress on the utility of biobased feedstocks from various bio-/waste-mass is also discussed and compared, wherever possible. The second part of review discusses the probable polymerization mechanism proposed for the ring-opening reactions. This is complementary to the third section, where the effect of catalysts/initiators has on triggering polymerization at low temperature is discussed extensively. The role of additional functionalities in influencing the temperature of polymerization is also discussed. There has been a shift in paradigm beyond the lowering of ring-opening polymerization (ROP) temperature and other areas of interest, such as adaptation of molecular functionality with simultaneous improvement of properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimlesh Lochab
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India; (M.M.); (N.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Monisha Monisha
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India; (M.M.); (N.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Nagarjuna Amarnath
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India; (M.M.); (N.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Pratibha Sharma
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Sourav Mukherjee
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India; (M.M.); (N.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Hatsuo Ishida
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 441067202, USA
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15
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Yang R, Hao B, Zhang K. A study of the effect of L-histidine on the polymerization of benzoxazines and properties of their thermosets. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03485-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Lu Y, Yu X, Evans CJ, Yang S, Zhang K. Elucidating the role of acetylene in ortho-phthalimide functional benzoxazines: design, synthesis, and structure–property investigations. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00850a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel ortho-phthalimide-benzoxazines containing acetylene have been designed and their corresponding thermosets exhibit excellent thermal stability although the expected benzoxazole cyclization at a much higher temperature did not take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Lu
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xinye Yu
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Corey J. Evans
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Shengfu Yang
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Kan Zhang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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17
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Corrosion Resistance of Mild Steel Coated with Phthalimide-Functionalized Polybenzoxazines. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10111114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we synthesized two new phthalimide-functionalized benzoxazine monomers, pPP-BZ and oPP-BZ, through Mannich reactions of 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (pPP) and 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (oPP), respectively, with p-toluidine and paraformaldehyde. The structures of these two monomers were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We used differential scanning calorimetry, FTIR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis to study the polymerization behavior and thermal stability of the monomers and their corresponding polybenzoxazines. Poly(pPP-BZ) and poly(oPP-BZ) were formed on mild steel (MS) through spin-coating and subsequent thermal curing polymerization. We used various corrosion testing methods to examine the effect of the curing temperature on the corrosion resistance of the coated MS samples in 3.5 wt.% aqueous solution of NaCl. Among our tested systems, the corrosion rate reached a low of 2.78 µm·Y−1 for the MS coated with poly(pPP-BZ)180 (i.e., the coating that had been cured at 180 °C); this value is much lower than that (4.8 µm·Y−1) reported for a maleimide-based benzoxazine compound (MI-Bz)/33 wt.% ACAT (amine-capped aniline trimer) blend. Thus, the incorporation of the imide functional group into the PBZ coatings is an effective strategy for affording high-performance corrosion resistance.
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18
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Yang R, Wang Y, Hao B, Zhang K. Synthesis of ortho-methyltetrahydrophthalimide functional benzoxazine containing phthalonitrile group: Thermally activated polymerization behaviors and properties of its polymer. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320954519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two novel benzoxazine monomers, oHMTI-a and oHMTI-pn, have been obtained via the modified Mannich condensation from ortho-4-methyltetrahydrophalimide functional phenol, paraformaldehyde, and aniline/4-aminophthalonitrile, respectively. The chemical structures of both benzoxazine monomers have been studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. Their polymerization processes are investigated using in-situ FT-IR and different scanning calorimetry (DSC). Specifically, the phthalonitrile group in oHMTI-pn can react at a relatively lower temperature without adding any catalysts, which suggests the presence of the thermal synergistic polymerization effect in this benzoxazine monomer. In addition, the thermal and fire related properties of the resulting polybenzoxazines are evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and micro-scale combustion calorimetry (MCC). The polybenzoxazine derived from oHMTI-pn shows both high thermal stability and outstanding flame retardancy, with a T g of 350°C, a T d10 value of 417°C, a high char yield value of 65%, and a very low heat release capacity value of 35.2 J/(g·K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Boran Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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19
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Directly synthesized nitrogen-and-oxygen–doped microporous carbons derived from a bio-derived polybenzoxazine exhibiting high-performance supercapacitance and CO2 uptake. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Yang R, Hao B, Sun L, Zhang K. Cross‐linked
poly(benzoxazole‐
co
‐siloxane) networks with high thermal stability and low dielectric constant based on a new
ortho
‐amide
functional benzoxazine. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Boran Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Lin Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Kan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
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21
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Hao B, Yang R, Zhang K. A naringenin-based benzoxazine with an intramolecular hydrogen bond as both a thermal latent polymerization additive and property modifier for epoxy resins. RSC Adv 2020; 10:25629-25638. [PMID: 35518631 PMCID: PMC9055261 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04702c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy resins are constantly attracting attention from industrial applications due to their excellent comprehensive properties. However, the traditional curing agents for liquid epoxy resins react with epoxides even at room temperature, which causes difficulties in processing since such mixtures cannot be directly used as single-component materials. In order to improve the shelf life of the mixtures, we have designed an intramolecular hydrogen bond-containing benzoxazine monomer as a smart thermal latent polymerization agent for epoxy resins. The newly obtained benzoxazine, NAR-a, has been synthesized from the Mannich condensation of naringenin, aniline and paraformaldehyde. In addition to playing the role of a curing agent, NAR-a has also performed as an excellent property modifier for epoxy thermosetting systems. The resulting thermoset based on the NAR-a/epoxy thermosetting system exhibits high thermal stability and good intrinsic flame retardance, with a T g temperature of 201 °C, a T d5 temperature of 349 °C, a low CET value (32.4 ppm per °C) and low heat release capacity (HRC of 159.1 J g-1 K-1). The combined long-term storage stability and versatility of the intramolecular hydrogen bond-containing benzoxazine/epoxy system provide a new strategy for the development of one-component epoxy-related thermosetting resins for application in high-performance areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Kan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China
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22
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Studies on the isomeric effect of nitrile functionality on the polymerization and thermal properties of ortho-norbornene-based benzoxazine resins. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Biobased high-performance tri-furan functional bis-benzoxazine resin derived from renewable guaiacol, furfural and furfurylamine. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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25
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Zhang K, Liu Y, Evans CJ, Yang S. Easily Processable Thermosets with Outstanding Performance via Smart Twisted Small-Molecule Benzoxazines. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e1900625. [PMID: 31958211 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
High-performance aromatic polymers have excellent thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties and are lightweight, but it is highly challenging to deliver outstanding performances while still maintaining good processability of the precursors. Here, a new family of small-molecule benzoxazine resins with ortho-maleimide functionality is reported, which strikes an exceptional balance between the processability and performance. The excellent processability is attributed to the twisted molecular configurations of ortho-maleimide-substituted benzoxazines, which prevent intermolecular packing in the resin systems. The new benzoxazines can polymerize through multiple routes, which eliminate the twisted structures and create highly cross-linked polymer networks. The resulting new polymers are found to possess fascinating properties such as a high thermal stability (no Tg can be detected before 400 °C), excellent flame retardancy (a heat release capacity of 42.5 J g-1 K-1 ), and low dielectric constants (2.62-2.30 in the frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 MHz). The combined processability and versatility highlight the potential of smart benzoxazines in the preparation of high-performance thermosets, with important new applications that may span aerospace, transportation, and electronic packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Zhang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Corey J Evans
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LEI 7RH, UK
| | - Shengfu Yang
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LEI 7RH, UK
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26
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Hozien ZA, EL-Mahdy AFM, Abo Markeb A, Ali LSA, El-Sherief HAH. Synthesis of Schiff and Mannich bases of news-triazole derivatives and their potential applications for removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution and as antimicrobial agents. RSC Adv 2020; 10:20184-20194. [PMID: 35520399 PMCID: PMC9054247 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02872j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of Schiff and Mannich bases of news-triazole derivatives under mild conditions has been developed for the removal of Pb2+, Cd2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+from aqueous solutions and as antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed F. M. EL-Mahdy
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- Assiut University
- Egypt
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science
| | | | - Laila S. A. Ali
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- Assiut University
- Egypt
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27
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Zhang K, Liu Y, Ishida H. Polymerization of an AB-Type Benzoxazine Monomer toward Different Polybenzoxazine Networks: When Diels–Alder Reaction Meets Benzoxazine Chemistry in a Single-Component Resin. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kan Zhang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hatsuo Ishida
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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28
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Synthesis and Properties of Benzoxazine Monomers Bearing Both 3-Methyltetrahydrophtalimide and Nitrile Groups: Para-Para vs. Ortho-Ortho. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-020-8018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaworski C. Capricho
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Fox
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Nishar Hameed
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
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30
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Zhang K, Liu Y, Shang Z, Evans CJ, Yang S. Effects of End-Caps on the Atropisomerization, Polymerization, and the Thermal Properties of ortho-Imide Functional Benzoxazines. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E399. [PMID: 30960382 PMCID: PMC6473311 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new type of atropisomerism has recently been discovered in 1,3-benzoxazines, where the intramolecular repulsion between negatively charged oxygen atoms on the imide and the oxazine ring hinders the rotation about the C⁻N bond. The imide group offers a high degree of flexibility for functionalization, allowing a variety of functional groups to be attached, and producing different types of end-caps. In this work, the effects of end-caps on the atropisomerism, thermally activated polymerization of ortho-imide functional benzoxazines, and the associated properties of polybenzoxazines have been systematically investigated. Several end-caps, with different electronic characteristics and rigidities, were designed. ¹H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to obtain structural information, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were also performed to study the thermally activated polymerization process of benzoxazine monomers. We demonstrated that the atropisomerization can be switched on/off by the manipulation of the steric structure of the end-caps, and polymerization behaviors can be well-controlled by the electronic properties of the end-caps. Moreover, a trade-off effect were found between the thermal properties and the rigidity of the end-caps in polybenzoxazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Zhang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Zhikun Shang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Corey J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - Shengfu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
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31
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Zhang K, Yu X, Kuo SW. Outstanding dielectric and thermal properties of main chain-type poly(benzoxazine-co-imide-co-siloxane)-based cross-linked networks. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00464e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A high performance cross-linked polymer with a very low dielectric constant was achieved via a newly designed main-chain type poly(benzoxazine-co-imide-co-siloxane).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Zhang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Xinye Yu
- Research School of Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung
- Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry
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32
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Zhang K, Liu Y, Han L, Wang J, Ishida H. Synthesis and thermally induced structural transformation of phthalimide and nitrile-functionalized benzoxazine: toward smart ortho-benzoxazine chemistry for low flammability thermosets. RSC Adv 2019; 9:1526-1535. [PMID: 35518001 PMCID: PMC9059662 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10009h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel ortho-phthalimide-functionalized benzoxazine monomer containing an ortho-nitrile group has been synthesized in order to further systematically evaluate the thermally induced structural transformation from benzoxazine resin to cross-linked polybenzoxazole. The chemical structure of the synthesized monomer has been confirmed by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Also supporting the detailed structure is 1H–13C heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC), which identifies the local proton-carbon proximities. The polymerization behaviors, including the ring-opening polymerization of the oxazine rings and the cyclotrimerization of the nitrile functionalities, are studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in situ FT-IR. In addition, the subsequent benzoxazole formation after polymerization has also been analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and magic-angle spinning (MAS) solid-state 13C NMR. The resulting cross-linked polybenzoxazole derived from the benzoxazine monomer exhibits exceptionally high thermal stability and low flammability, with an extremely high Td5 temperature (550 °C), a high char yield value (70%) and an extraordinarily low total heat release (THR of 7.6 kJ g−1). A novel ortho-phthalimide-functionalized benzoxazine monomer containing an ortho-nitrile group has been synthesized in order to develop high-performance thermosets with high thermal stability and low flammability.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA
| | - Jinyun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Hatsuo Ishida
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland
- USA
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33
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Zhang J, Chen S, He Q, Guo P, Xu Z, Zhang D. Toughening benzoxazines with hyperbranched polymeric ionic liquids: Effect of cations and anions. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Chen WC, Kuo SW. Ortho-Imide and Allyl Groups Effect on Highly Thermally Stable Polybenzoxazine/Double-Decker-Shaped Polyhedral Silsesquioxane Hybrids. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Chen
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Supramolecular Materials and Functional Polymers, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Supramolecular Materials and Functional Polymers, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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35
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Chen CH, Lin CH, Wong TI, Wang MW, Juang TY. Thermosets derived from diallyl-containing main-chain type benzoxazine polymers. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Tsai CC, Gan Z, Kuo SW. Using benzoxazine chemistry and bio-based triblock copolymer to prepare functional porous polypeptide capable of efficient dye adsorption. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00664d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A functional porous PTyr with phenolic OH and amide units through the selective cancelation of the PCL-b-PEO block segment from PCL-b-PEO-b-PTyrBZ triblock copolymer and used for dye adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chang Tsai
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung 80424
- Taiwan
| | - Zhihua Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung 80424
- Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry
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