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Criado-Gonzalez M, Bondi L, Marzuoli C, Gutierrez-Fernandez E, Tullii G, Ronchi C, Gabirondo E, Sardon H, Rapino S, Malferrari M, Cramer T, Antognazza MR, Mecerreyes D. Semiconducting Polymer Nanoporous Thin Films as a Tool to Regulate Intracellular ROS Balance in Endothelial Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37467460 PMCID: PMC10401575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The design of soft and nanometer-scale photoelectrodes able to stimulate and promote the intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is searched for redox medicine applications. In this work, we show semiconducting polymer porous thin films with an enhanced photoelectrochemical generation of ROS in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). To achieve that aim, we synthesized graft copolymers, made of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and degradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) segments, P3HT-g-PLA. In a second step, the hydrolysis of sacrificial PLA leads to nanometer-scale porous P3HT thin films. The pore sizes in the nm regime (220-1200 nm) were controlled by the copolymer composition and the structural arrangement of the copolymers during the film formation, as determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The porous P3HT thin films showed enhanced photofaradaic behavior, generating a higher concentration of ROS in comparison to non-porous P3HT films, as determined by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) measurements. The exogenous ROS production was able to modulate the intracellular ROS concentration in HUVECs at non-toxic levels, thus affecting the physiological functions of cells. Results presented in this work provide an important step forward in the development of new tools for precise, on-demand, and non-invasive modulation of intracellular ROS species and may be potentially extended to many other physiological or pathological cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Criado-Gonzalez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Luca Bondi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Carlo Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Marzuoli
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Raffaele Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Edgar Gutierrez-Fernandez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- XMaS/BM28-ESRF, 71 Avenue Des Martyrs, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Gabriele Tullii
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Raffaele Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlotta Ronchi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Raffaele Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Gabirondo
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Malferrari
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tobias Cramer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Carlo Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Raffaele Rubattino 81, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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2
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Bendrea AD, Cianga L, Ailiesei GL, Göen Colak D, Popescu I, Cianga I. Thiophene α-Chain-End-Functionalized Oligo(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) as Precursor Amphiphilic Macromonomer for Grafted Conjugated Oligomers/Polymers and as a Multifunctional Material with Relevant Properties for Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7495. [PMID: 35886844 PMCID: PMC9317439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Because the combination of π-conjugated polymers with biocompatible synthetic counterparts leads to the development of bio-relevant functional materials, this paper reports a new oligo(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (OMeOx)-containing thiophene macromonomer, denoted Th-OMeOx. It can be used as a reactive precursor for synthesis of a polymerizable 2,2'-3-OMeOx-substituted bithiophene by Suzuki coupling. Also a grafted polythiophene amphiphile with OMeOx side chains was synthesized by its self-acid-assisted polymerization (SAAP) in bulk. The results showed that Th-OMeOx is not only a reactive intermediate but also a versatile functional material in itself. This is due to the presence of 2-bromo-substituted thiophene and ω-hydroxyl functional end-groups, and due to the multiple functionalities encoded in its structure (photosensitivity, water self-dispersibility, self-assembling capacity). Thus, analysis of its behavior in solvents of different selectivities revealed that Th-OMeOx forms self-assembled structures (micelles or vesicles) by "direct dissolution".Unexpectedly, by exciting the Th-OMeOx micelles formed in water with λabs of the OMeOx repeating units, the intensity of fluorescence emission varied in a concentration-dependent manner.These self-assembled structures showed excitation-dependent luminescence as well. Attributed to the clusteroluminescence phenomenon due to the aggregation and through space interactions of electron-rich groups in non-conjugated, non-aromatic OMeOx, this behavior certifies that polypeptides mimic the character of Th-OMeOx as a non-conventional intrinsic luminescent material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Dana Bendrea
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “PetruPoni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A, Grigore-GhicaVoda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Luminita Cianga
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “PetruPoni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A, Grigore-GhicaVoda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Gabriela-Liliana Ailiesei
- NMR Spectroscopy Department, “PetruPoni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A, Grigore-GhicaVoda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Demet Göen Colak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Irina Popescu
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, “PetruPoni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A, Grigore-GhicaVoda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ioan Cianga
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “PetruPoni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A, Grigore-GhicaVoda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
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3
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Intrinsically Stretchable Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Conducting Polymer Film for Flexible Electronics. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122340. [PMID: 35745914 PMCID: PMC9228006 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to synthesize an intrinsically stretchable conductive polymer (CP) by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). For this purpose, poly(3,4-ethyilenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was synthesized as a backbone, while poly(acrylate-urethane) (PAU) was grafted onto the PEDOT backbone to form graft polymers PEDOT-g-PAU. Different concentrations of acrylate-urethane (AU) were used to synthesize PAU side chains of different lengths. The successful synthesis of the obtained intermediates and products (PEDOT-g-PAU) was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. Thermal properties were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, while conductivity was determined by four-point probe measurement. A simple tensile test was performed to characterize the ductility of the samples. PEDOT-g-PAU has shown high stretchability of up to 500% and, therefore, could potentially be used in skin-worn flexible electronics, while additional subsequent doping is required to improve the deterioration of electrical properties after the addition of the insulating urethane layer.
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4
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Dominguez-Alfaro A, Criado-Gonzalez M, Gabirondo E, Lasa-Fernández H, Olmedo-Martínez JL, Casado N, Alegret N, Müller AJ, Sardon H, Vallejo-Illarramendi A, Mecerreyes D. Electroactive 3D printable poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)- graft-poly(ε-caprolactone) copolymers as scaffolds for muscle cell alignment. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01185e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Graft copolymers between conducting PEDOT and biodegradable PCL were synthesized and investigated for 3D printing scaffolds for patterning of muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dominguez-Alfaro
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Carbon Bionanotechnology Group, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastian 20014, Spain
| | - Miryam Criado-Gonzalez
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Elena Gabirondo
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Haizpea Lasa-Fernández
- Carbon Bionanotechnology Group, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastian 20014, Spain
| | - Jorge L. Olmedo-Martínez
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Nerea Casado
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Nuria Alegret
- Carbon Bionanotechnology Group, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastian 20014, Spain
- IIS Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neuromuscular Diseases, Paseo Dr. Begiristain s/n, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ainara Vallejo-Illarramendi
- IIS Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neuromuscular Diseases, Paseo Dr. Begiristain s/n, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- Group of Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Paseo Dr. Begiristain 105, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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5
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Playing construction with the monomer toy box for the synthesis of multi‐stimuli responsive copolymers by reversible deactivation radical polymerization protocols. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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6
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Bendrea AD, Cianga L, Ailiesei GL, Ursu EL, Göen Colak D, Cianga I. 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) End-Group Functionalized Poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL): Self-Assembly in Organic Solvents and Its Coincidentally Observed Peculiar Behavior in Thin Film and Protonated Media. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2720. [PMID: 34451259 PMCID: PMC8400159 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
End-group functionalization of homopolymers is a valuable way to produce high-fidelity nanostructured and functional soft materials when the structures obtained have the capacity for self-assembly (SA) encoded in their structural details. Herein, an end-functionalized PCL with a π-conjugated EDOT moiety, (EDOT-PCL), designed exclusively from hydrophobic domains, as a functional "hydrophobic amphiphile", was synthesized in the bulk ROP of ε-caprolactone. The experimental results obtained by spectroscopic methods, including NMR, UV-vis, and fluorescence, using DLS and by AFM, confirm that in solvents with extremely different polarities (chloroform and acetonitrile), EDOT-PCL presents an interaction- and structure-based bias, which is strong and selective enough to exert control over supramolecular packing, both in dispersions and in the film state. This leads to the diversity of SA structures, including spheroidal, straight, and helical rods, as well as orthorhombic single crystals, with solvent-dependent shapes and sizes, confirming that EDOT-PCL behaves as a "block-molecule". According to the results from AFM imaging, an unexpected transformation of micelle-type nanostructures into single 2D lamellar crystals, through breakout crystallization, took place by simple acetonitrile evaporation during the formation of the film on the mica support at room temperature. Moreover, EDOT-PCL's propensity for spontaneous oxidant-free oligomerization in acidic media was proposed as a presumptive answer for the unexpected appearance of blue color during its dissolution in CDCl3 at a high concentration. FT-IR, UV-vis, and fluorescence techniques were used to support this claim. Besides being intriguing and unforeseen, the experimental findings concerning EDOT-PCL have raised new and interesting questions that deserve to be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Dana Bendrea
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A, Grigore-Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.B.); (E.-L.U.)
| | - Luminita Cianga
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A, Grigore-Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.B.); (E.-L.U.)
| | - Gabriela-Liliana Ailiesei
- NMR Spectroscopy Department, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A, Grigore-Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Elena-Laura Ursu
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A, Grigore-Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.B.); (E.-L.U.)
| | - Demet Göen Colak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey;
| | - Ioan Cianga
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A, Grigore-Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (A.-D.B.); (E.-L.U.)
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7
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Dominguez-Alfaro A, Gabirondo E, Alegret N, De León-Almazán CM, Hernandez R, Vallejo-Illarramendi A, Prato M, Mecerreyes D. 3D Printable Conducting and Biocompatible PEDOT-graft-PLA Copolymers by Direct Ink Writing. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100100. [PMID: 33938086 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tailor-made polymers are needed to fully exploit the possibilities of additive manufacturing, constructing complex, and functional devices in areas such as bioelectronics. In this paper, the synthesis of a conducting and biocompatible graft copolymer which can be 3D printed using direct melting extrusion methods is shown. For this purpose, graft copolymers composed by conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and a biocompatible polymer polylactide (PLA) are designed. The PEDOT-g-PLA copolymers are synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization between 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and PLA macromonomers. PEDOT-g-PLA copolymers with different compositions are obtained and fully characterized. The rheological characterization indicates that copolymers containing below 20 wt% of PEDOT show the right complex viscosity values suitable for direct ink writing (DIW). The 3D printing tests using the DIW methodology allows printing different parts with different shapes with high resolution (200 µm). The conductive and biocompatible printed patterns of PEDOT-g-PLA show excellent cell growth and maturation of neonatal cardiac myocytes cocultured with fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dominguez-Alfaro
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain.,Carbon Bionanotechnology Group, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastian, 20014, Spain
| | - Elena Gabirondo
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Nuria Alegret
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain.,IIS Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neuromuscular Diseases, Paseo Dr. Begiristain s/n, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | | | - Robert Hernandez
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Ainara Vallejo-Illarramendi
- IIS Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neuromuscular Diseases, Paseo Dr. Begiristain s/n, San Sebastián, 20014, Spain.,Group of Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Paseo Dr. Begiristain 105, San Sebastian, 20014, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Carbon Bionanotechnology Group, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), San Sebastian, 20014, Spain.,Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM - University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, Trieste, 34127, Italy.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
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8
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Semsarilar M, Abetz V. Polymerizations by RAFT: Developments of the Technique and Its Application in the Synthesis of Tailored (Co)polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Semsarilar
- Institut Européen des Membranes IEM (UMR5635) Université Montpellier CNRS ENSCM CC 047, Université Montpellie 2 place E. Bataillon Montpellier 34095 France
| | - Volker Abetz
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Grindelallee 117 Universität Hamburg Hamburg 20146 Germany
- Zentrum für Material‐und Küstenforschung GmbH Institut für Polymerforschung Max‐Planck‐Straße 1 Helmholtz‐Zentrum Geesthacht Geesthacht 21502 Germany
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9
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Istif E, Mantione D, Vallan L, Hadziioannou G, Brochon C, Cloutet E, Pavlopoulou E. Thiophene-Based Aldehyde Derivatives for Functionalizable and Adhesive Semiconducting Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:8695-8703. [PMID: 31995987 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit for novelty in the field of (bio)electronics demands for new and better-performing (semi)conductive materials. Since the discovery of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), the ubiquitous golden standard, many studies have focused on its applications but only few on its structural modification and/or functionalization. This lack of structural variety strongly limits the versatility of PEDOT, thus hampering the development of novel PEDOT-based materials. In this paper, we present a short and simple strategy for introducing an aldehyde functionality in thiophene-based semiconducting polymers. First, through a two-step synthesis, an EDOT-aldehyde derivative was prepared and polymerized, both chemically and electrochemically. Next, to overcome the inability of thiophene-aldehyde to be polymerized by any means, we synthesized a trimer in which thiophene-aldehyde is enclosed between two EDOT groups. The successful chemical and electrochemical polymerization of this new trimer is presented. The polymer suspensions were characterized by ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectroscopy, while the corresponding films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and four-point-probe conductivity measurements. Afterward, insoluble semiconducting films were formed by using ethylenediamine as a cross-linker, demonstrating in this way the suitability of the aldehyde group for the easy chemical modification of our material. The efficient reactivity conferred by aldehyde groups was also exploited for grafting fluorescent polyamine nanoparticles on the film surface, creating a fluorescent semiconducting polymer film. The films prepared by electropolymerization, as shown by means of a sonication test, exhibit strong surface adhesion on pristine indium tin oxide (ITO). This property paves the way for the application of these polymers as conductive electrodes for interfacing with living organisms. Thanks to the high reactivity of the aldehyde group, the aldehyde-bearing thiophene-based polymers prepared herein are extremely valuable for numerous applications requiring the facile incorporation of a functional group on thiophene, such as the functionalization with labile molecules (thermo-, photo-, and electro-labile, pH sensitive, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Istif
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO - UMR 5629), Bordeaux INP , Université de Bordeaux, CNRS , 16 Av. Pey-Berland , Pessac 33607 , France
| | - Daniele Mantione
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO - UMR 5629), Bordeaux INP , Université de Bordeaux, CNRS , 16 Av. Pey-Berland , Pessac 33607 , France
| | - Lorenzo Vallan
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO - UMR 5629), Bordeaux INP , Université de Bordeaux, CNRS , 16 Av. Pey-Berland , Pessac 33607 , France
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO - UMR 5629), Bordeaux INP , Université de Bordeaux, CNRS , 16 Av. Pey-Berland , Pessac 33607 , France
| | - Cyril Brochon
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO - UMR 5629), Bordeaux INP , Université de Bordeaux, CNRS , 16 Av. Pey-Berland , Pessac 33607 , France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO - UMR 5629), Bordeaux INP , Université de Bordeaux, CNRS , 16 Av. Pey-Berland , Pessac 33607 , France
| | - Eleni Pavlopoulou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO - UMR 5629), Bordeaux INP , Université de Bordeaux, CNRS , 16 Av. Pey-Berland , Pessac 33607 , France
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10
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Zhang W, Jamal R, Zhang R, Yu Z, Yan Y, Liu Y, Ge Y, Abdiryim T. Self-assembly of pendant functional groups grafted PEDOT as paracetamol detection material. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:3592-3603. [PMID: 31995070 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05759e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, pendant functional group grafted EDOTs, such as EDOTCH2NH2, EDOTCH2OH and EDOTCH2SH, were selected as monomers for the preparation of their respective polymers via a common chemical oxidative polymerization method in the absence of CTAB by varying the [monomer]/[oxidant] ratios. The self-assembly mechanism of the polymers was systematically studied by discussing the hydrogen bonding effect, acidity and electron-donating ability, as well as the chain initiation and chain growth of the chemically oxidated polymerized monomers. These functional group grafted PEDOTs were applied to the electrochemical determination of paracetamol (PAR) to further investigate the effect of the pendant functional groups (-SH, -OH, -NH2) on the electrochemical sensing behaviour of the polymers. The results indicated that the hydrogen bonding effect of the pendant functional groups was vital to the self-assembly of the polymer chains, and the PEDOTs with -OH and -SH groups had a tendency to self-assemble into a spherical structure, while the PEDOT with an -NH2 group exhibited a fibrous structure. The electrochemical response of PEDOTs with functional groups was better than that that of PEDOT alone, and the highest electrochemical response was observed in PEDOT with an -SH group ([monomer]/[oxidant] = 1 : 8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, P. R. China.
| | - Ruxangul Jamal
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, P. R. China.
| | - Ruanye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, P. R. China.
| | - Zongna Yu
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, P. R. China.
| | - Yinqiang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, P. R. China.
| | - Yingcheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Ge
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, P. R. China.
| | - Tursun Abdiryim
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, P. R. China.
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Wang M, Kee S, Barker D, Travas-Sejdic J. Highly stretchable, solution-processable, and crosslinkable poly(3,4-ethylenedioxithiophene)-based conjugated polymers. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Drzeżdżon J, Jacewicz D, Sielicka A, Chmurzyński L. A review of new approaches to analytical methods to determine the structure and morphology of polymers. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Mantione D, Marquez AV, Cruciani F, Brochon C, Cloutet E, Hadziioannou G. Synthesis of Carboxyl-EDOT as a Versatile Addition and Additive to PEDOT:PSS. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:285-288. [PMID: 35650830 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two-step synthesis of EDOT (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) derivate bearing a carboxylic acid group (carboxyl-EDOT) is presented. This reactive monomer has been copolymerized with EDOT to afford PEDOT copolymers. Thanks to the most common additives usually added to the PEDOT:PSS dispersion, ethylene glycol and 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA), the carboxylic acid has been used to cross-link the material via esterification reactions. This result offers the possibility to produce a polymer network without adding any cross-linking agent. Furthermore, the short synthetic pathway of carboxyl-EDOT offers the possibility to incorporate new functionality either in EDOT monomer or in PEDOT materials with a reasonable chemical effort and background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Mantione
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO - UMR 5629), Bordeaux INP, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, 16 Av. Pey-Berland, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Ariana Villarroel Marquez
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO - UMR 5629), Bordeaux INP, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, 16 Av. Pey-Berland, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Federico Cruciani
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO - UMR 5629), Bordeaux INP, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, 16 Av. Pey-Berland, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Cyril Brochon
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO - UMR 5629), Bordeaux INP, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, 16 Av. Pey-Berland, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO - UMR 5629), Bordeaux INP, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, 16 Av. Pey-Berland, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO - UMR 5629), Bordeaux INP, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, 16 Av. Pey-Berland, 33607, Pessac, France
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14
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Molina BG, Cianga L, Bendrea AD, Cianga I, Alemán C, Armelin E. An amphiphilic, heterografted polythiophene copolymer containing biocompatible/biodegradable side chains for use as an (electro)active surface in biomedical applications. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00926d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Design of an amphiphilic heterografted block copolymer composed of a hydrophobic core backbone and both hydrophilic side chains, able to detect the redox reaction of NADH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda G. Molina
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- EEBE
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Luminita Cianga
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Iasi
- Romania
| | | | - Ioan Cianga
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Iasi
- Romania
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- EEBE
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Elaine Armelin
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- EEBE
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona
- Spain
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