1
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Kim K, Nguyen D, Strong J, Dadashi-Silab S, Sun M, Dau H, Keyes A, Yin R, Harth E, Matyjaszewski K. Block Copolymers of Polyolefins with Polyacrylates: Analyzing and Improving the Blocking Efficiencies Using MILRad/ATRP Approach. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300675. [PMID: 38163327 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Despite their industrial ubiquity, polyolefin-polyacrylate block copolymers are challenging to synthesize due to the distinct polymerization pathways necessary for respective blocks. This study utilizes MILRad, metal-organic insertion light-initiated radical polymerization, to synthesize polyolefin-b-poly(methyl acrylate) copolymer by combining palladium-catalyzed insertion-coordination polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Brookhart-type Pd complexes used for the living polymerization of olefins are homolytically cleaved by blue-light irradiation, generating polyolefin-based macroradicals, which are trapped with functional nitroxide derivatives forming ATRP macroinitiators. ATRP in the presence of Cu(0), that is, supplemental activators and reducing agents , is used to polymerize methyl acrylate. An increase in the functionalization efficiency of up to 71% is demonstrated in this study by modifying the light source and optimizing the radical trapping condition. Regardless of the radical trapping efficiency, essentially quantitative chain extension of polyolefin-Br macroinitiator with acrylates is consistently demonstrated, indicating successful second block formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khidong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Dung Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry (CEPC), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Jacobo Strong
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry (CEPC), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | | | - Mingkang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Huong Dau
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry (CEPC), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Anthony Keyes
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry (CEPC), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Rongguan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry (CEPC), University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
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2
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Waddell PM, Tian L, Scavuzzo AR, Venigalla L, Scholes GD, Carrow BP. Visible light-induced palladium-carbon bond weakening in catalytically relevant T-shaped complexes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14217-14228. [PMID: 38098701 PMCID: PMC10717500 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02588h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Triggering one-electron redox processes during palladium catalysis holds the potential to unlock new reaction mechanisms and synthetic methods not previously accessible in the typical two-electron reaction manifolds that dominate palladium catalysis. We report that T-shaped organopalladium(ii) complexes coordinated by a bulky monophosphine, a class of organometallic intermediate featured in a range of contemporary catalytic reactions, undergo blue light-promoted bond weakening leading to mild and efficient homolytic cleavage of strong Pd(ii)-C(sp3) bonds under ambient conditions. The origin of light-triggered radical formation in these systems, which lack an obvious ligand-based chromophore (i.e., π-systems), was investigated using a combination of DFT calculations, photoactinometry, and transient absorption spectroscopy. The available data suggest T-shaped organopalladium(ii) complexes manifest unusual blue light-accessible Pd-to-C(sp3) transition. The quantum efficiency and excited state lifetime of this process were unexpectedly superior compared to a prototypical (α-diimine)Pd(ii) complex featuring a low-lying, ligand-centered LUMO (π*). These results suggest coordinatively-unsaturated organopalladium(ii) compounds, catalysts in myriad catalytic processes, have untapped potential for one-electron reactivity under visible light excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Waddell
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | | | - Lalu Venigalla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston Houston TX 77204 USA
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Brad P Carrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston Houston TX 77204 USA
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3
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Cheung CS, Qiu Z, Li D, Deng H, Zheng H, Gao H. Experimental and theoretical insights into palladium-mediated polymerization of para-N, N-disubstituted aminostyrene. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:17573-17582. [PMID: 37966170 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03146b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical insights into polymerization of para-N,N-disubstituted aminostyrene monomers (St-4-NR2, R = Me, Et, Ph) using cationic α-diimine palladium complexes have been initially reported. The effects of the catalyst structure and monomer substituent were studied systematically. Polymerization turnover frequency (TOF) was shown to decrease in the order of monomer substituents Me > Et > Ph, whereas the molecular weight of the produced polymers showed an opposite trend (Me < Et < Ph). Methanol-mediated polymerization of para-N,N-dimethylaminostyrene (DMAS), along with polymer chain-end analysis, and palladium intermediate isolation proved that palladium-initiated DMAS polymerization obeyed a cationic mechanism. Comprehensive theoretical calculations further revealed that the carbocation was generated from the insertion of DMAS into the palladium center rather than the polarization of the methyl palladium intermediate with a coordinated DMAS. The produced amine-functionalized amorphous polystyrenes have low stereoregularity and exhibit good hydrophilic properties. The poly(para-N,N-disphenylaminostyrene) is a luminescent polymer and shows fluorescence properties, rendering this material a promising candidate for versatile potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Shing Cheung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Zonglin Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Donghui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Huiyun Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Handou Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Haiyang Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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4
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Chung KY, Page ZA. Boron-Methylated Dipyrromethene as a Green Light Activated Type I Photoinitiator for Rapid Radical Polymerizations. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17912-17918. [PMID: 37540781 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Unimolecular (Type I) radical photoinitiators (PIs) have transformed the chemical manufacturing industry by enabling (stereo)lithography for microelectronics and emergent 3D printing technologies. However, the reliance on high energy UV-violet light (≤420 nm) restricts the end-use applications. Herein, boron-methylated dipyrromethene (methylated-BODIPY) is shown to act as a highly efficient Type I radical PI upon irradiation with low energy green light. Using a low intensity (∼4 mW/cm2) light emitting diode centered at 530 nm and a low PI concentration (0.3 mol %), acrylic-based resins were polymerized to maximum conversion in ∼10 s. Under equivalent conditions (wavelength, intensity, and PI concentration), state-of-the-art visible light PIs Ivocerin and Irgacure 784 show no appreciable polymerization. Spectroscopic characterization suggests that homolytic β-scission at the boron-carbon bond results in radical formation, which is further facilitated by accessing long-lived triplet excited states through installment of bromine. Alkylated-BODIPYs represent a new modular visible light PI platform with exciting potential to enable next generation manufacturing and biomedical applications where a spectrally discrete, low energy, and thus benign light source is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-You Chung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zachariah A Page
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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5
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Zhang R, Gao R, Gou Q, Lai J, Li X. Recent Advances in the Copolymerization of Ethylene with Polar Comonomers by Nickel Catalysts. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183809. [PMID: 36145954 PMCID: PMC9500745 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The less-expensive and earth-abundant nickel catalyst is highly promising in the copolymerization of ethylene with polar monomers and has thus attracted increasing attention in both industry and academia. Herein, we have summarized the recent advancements made in the state-of-the-art nickel catalysts with different types of ligands for ethylene copolymerization and how these modifications influence the catalyst performance, as well as new polymerization modulation strategies. With regard to α-diimine, salicylaldimine/ketoiminato, phosphino-phenolate, phosphine-sulfonate, bisphospnine monoxide, N-heterocyclic carbene and other unclassified chelates, the properties of each catalyst and fine modulation of key copolymerization parameters (activity, molecular weight, comonomer incorporation rate, etc.) are revealed in detail. Despite significant achievements, many opportunities and possibilities are yet to be fully addressed, and a brief outlook on the future development and long-standing challenges is provided.
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6
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Dau H, Tsogtgerel E, Matyjaszewski K, Harth E. One-For-All Polyolefin Functionalization: Active Ester as Gateway to Combine Insertion Polymerization with ROP, NMP, and RAFT. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205931. [PMID: 35588082 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This work develops the Polyolefin Active-Ester Exchange (PACE) process to afford well-defined polyolefin-polyvinyl block copolymers. α-Diimine PdII -catalyzed olefin polymerizations were investigated through in-depth kinetic studies in comparison to an analog to establish the critical design that facilitates catalyst activation. Simple transformations lead to a diversity of functional groups forming polyolefin macroinitiators or macro-mediators for various subsequent controlled polymerization techniques. Preparation of block copolymers with different architectures, molecular weights, and compositions was demonstrated with ring-opening polymerization (ROP), nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP), and photoiniferter reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PI-RAFT). The significant difference in the properties of polyolefin-polyacrylamide block copolymers was harnessed to carry out polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) and study the nanostructure behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Dau
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Enkhjargal Tsogtgerel
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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7
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Dau H, Jones GR, Tsogtgerel E, Nguyen D, Keyes A, Liu YS, Rauf H, Ordonez E, Puchelle V, Basbug Alhan H, Zhao C, Harth E. Linear Block Copolymer Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14471-14553. [PMID: 35960550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers form the basis of the most ubiquitous materials such as thermoplastic elastomers, bridge interphases in polymer blends, and are fundamental for the development of high-performance materials. The driving force to further advance these materials is the accessibility of block copolymers, which have a wide variety in composition, functional group content, and precision of their structure. To advance and broaden the application of block copolymers will depend on the nature of combined segmented blocks, guided through the combination of polymerization techniques to reach a high versatility in block copolymer architecture and function. This review provides the most comprehensive overview of techniques to prepare linear block copolymers and is intended to serve as a guideline on how polymerization techniques can work together to result in desired block combinations. As the review will give an account of the relevant procedures and access areas, the sections will include orthogonal approaches or sequentially combined polymerization techniques, which increases the synthetic options for these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Dau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Glen R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Enkhjargal Tsogtgerel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Dung Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Anthony Keyes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Yu-Sheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Hasaan Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Estela Ordonez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Valentin Puchelle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Hatice Basbug Alhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Chenying Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
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8
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Harth E, Dau H, Tsogtgerel E, Matyjaszewski K. One‐For‐All Polyolefin Functionalization: Active Ester as Gateway to Combine Insertion Polymerization with ROP, NMP, and RAFT. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Harth
- University of Houston Chemistry 406 STL BuildingUnited States 77004 Houston UNITED STATES
| | - Huong Dau
- University of Houston Chemistry UNITED STATES
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9
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Harth E, Keyes A, Dau H, Matyjaszewski K. Tandem Living Insertion and Controlled Radical Polymerization for Polyolefin-Polyvinyl Block Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112742. [PMID: 34967088 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Practical synthesis of polyolefin-polyvinyl block copolymers remains a challenge for transition-metal catalyzed polymerizations. Common approaches functionalize polyolefins for post-radical polymerization via insertion methods, yet sacrifice the livingness of the olefin polymerization. This work identifies an orthogonal radical/spin coupling technique which affords tandem living insertion and controlled radical polymerization. The broad tolerance of this coupling technique has been demonstrated for diverse radical/spin traps such as 2,2,5-trimethyl-4-phenyl-3-azahexane-3-nitroxide (TIPNO), 1-oxyl- (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) -4-yl-α-bromoisobutyrate (TEMPO-Br), and N-tert -butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN). Subsequent controlled radical polymerization is demonstrated with NMP and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), yielding polyolefin-polyvinyl di- and triblock copolymers ( Đ <1.3) with acrylic, vinylic and styrenic segments. These findings highlight radical trapping as an approach to expand the scope of polyolefin functionalization techniques to access polyolefin macroinitiators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Harth
- University of Houston, Chemistry, 406 STL Building, United States, 77004, Houston, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Huong Dau
- University of Houston, Chemistry, UNITED STATES
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10
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Harth E, Keyes A, Dau H, Matyjaszewski K. Tandem Living Insertion and Controlled Radical Polymerization for Polyolefin‐Polyvinyl Block Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Harth
- University of Houston Chemistry 406 STL BuildingUnited States 77004 Houston UNITED STATES
| | | | - Huong Dau
- University of Houston Chemistry UNITED STATES
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11
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Gies AP, Zhou Z, Mukhopadhyay S, Kosanovich AJ, Keaton RJ, Auyeung E, Kobylianskii I, Beezer DB, Dau H, Harth E. Analytical Insights into the Microstructures and Reaction Mechanisms of Cationic Pd(II) α-Diimine-Catalyzed Polyolefins. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P. Gies
- Core R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, 220 Abner Jackson Pkwy., Edgar C. Britton Building, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Core R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, 220 Abner Jackson Pkwy., Edgar C. Britton Building, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | | | - Alex J. Kosanovich
- Core R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, 220 Abner Jackson Pkwy., Edgar C. Britton Building, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Richard J. Keaton
- Core R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, 220 Abner Jackson Pkwy., Edgar C. Britton Building, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Evelyn Auyeung
- Packaging and Specialty Plastics R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, 240 Abner Jackson Pkwy., Herbert H. Dow Building, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Ilia Kobylianskii
- Core R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, 220 Abner Jackson Pkwy., Edgar C. Britton Building, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Dain B. Beezer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Huong Dau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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12
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Liu Y, Harth E. Distorted Sandwich α‐Diimine Pd
II
Catalyst: Linear Polyethylene and Synthesis of Ethylene/Acrylate Elastomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Sheng Liu
- Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd Houston TX 77204 USA
| | - Eva Harth
- Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd Houston TX 77204 USA
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13
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Harth E, Liu YS. Distorted Sandwich a-Diimine Pd(II) Catalyst: Linear Polyethylene and Synthesis of Ethylene/Acrylate Elastomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24107-24115. [PMID: 34403566 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of m-xylyl substituents to α-diimine Pd(II) catalyst promotes living ethylene polymerization at room temperature and low pressure to yield high molecular weight polyethylene (PE) with low branching (<17/1000C). m-Xylyl groups provide a highly effective blockage to the axial sites of the catalytic center and form a distorted sandwich geometry. The shielding prevents chain-transfer and easy accessibility of polar monomers, leading to a living polymerization. Conducting a light irradiation as part of the one-step metal-organic insertion light initiated radical (MILRad) process leads to diblock copolymers of ethylene and acrylates. Incorporation of different acrylate block sequences can significantly modify the mechanical and chemical properties of block copolymers which can be modulated to be a hard plastic, elastomer, or semi-amorphous polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Harth
- University of Houston, Chemistry, 406 STL Building, United States, 77004, Houston, UNITED STATES
| | - Yu-Sheng Liu
- University of Houston System, Chemistry, UNITED STATES
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14
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Shahrokhinia A, Biswas P, Reuther JF. Orthogonal synthesis and modification of polymer materials. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shahrokhinia
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
| | - Priyanka Biswas
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
| | - James F. Reuther
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
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15
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Jones GR, Basbug Alhan HE, Karas LJ, Wu JI, Harth E. Switching the Reactivity of Palladium Diimines with “Ancillary” Ligand to Select between Olefin Polymerization, Branching Regulation, or Olefin Isomerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glen R. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
| | - Hatice E. Basbug Alhan
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
| | - Lucas J. Karas
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
| | - Judy I. Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
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16
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Dau H, Keyes A, Basbug Alhan HE, Ordonez E, Tsogtgerel E, Gies AP, Auyeung E, Zhou Z, Maity A, Das A, Powers DC, Beezer DB, Harth E. Dual Polymerization Pathway for Polyolefin-Polar Block Copolymer Synthesis via MILRad: Mechanism and Scope. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21469-21483. [PMID: 33290059 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This work explores the mechanism whereby a cationic diimine Pd(II) complex combines coordination insertion and radical polymerization to form polyolefin-polar block copolymers. The initial requirement involves the insertion of a single acrylate monomer into the Pd(II)-polyolefin intermediates, which generate a stable polymeric chelate through a chain-walking mechanism. This thermodynamically stable chelate was also found to be photochemically inactive, and a unique mechanism was discovered which allows for radical polymerization. Rate-determining opening of the chelate by an ancillary ligand followed by additional chain walking allows the metal to migrate to the α-carbon of the acrylate moiety. Ultimately, the molecular parameters necessary for blue-light-triggered Pd-C bond homolysis from this α-carbon to form a carbon-centered macroradical species were established. This intermediate is understood to initiate free radical polymerization of acrylic monomers, thereby facilitating block copolymer synthesis from a single Pd(II) complex. Key intermediates were isolated and comprehensively characterized through exhaustive analytical methods which detail the mechanism while confirming the structural integrity of the polyolefin-polar blocks. Chain walking combined with blue-light irradiation functions as the mechanistic switch from coordination insertion to radical polymerization. On the basis of these discoveries, robust di- and triblock copolymer syntheses have been demonstrated with olefins (ethylene and 1-hexene) which produce amorphous or crystalline blocks and acrylics (methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, and methyl methacrylate) in broad molecular weight ranges and compositions, yielding AB diblocks and BAB triblocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Dau
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry (CEPC), University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Anthony Keyes
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry (CEPC), University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Hatice E Basbug Alhan
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry (CEPC), University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Estela Ordonez
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry (CEPC), University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Enkhjargal Tsogtgerel
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry (CEPC), University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Anthony P Gies
- The Dow Chemical Company, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Evelyn Auyeung
- The Dow Chemical Company, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Zhe Zhou
- The Dow Chemical Company, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Asim Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Anuvab Das
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David C Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Dain B Beezer
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry (CEPC), University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry (CEPC), University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
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17
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Doerr AM, Burroughs JM, Gitter SR, Yang X, Boydston AJ, Long BK. Advances in Polymerizations Modulated by External Stimuli. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M. Doerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - Justin M. Burroughs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - Sean R. Gitter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xuejin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Andrew J. Boydston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Brian K. Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
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18
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Jones GR, Basbug Alhan HE, Karas LJ, Wu JI, Harth E. Switching the Reactivity of Palladium Diimines with “Ancillary” Ligand to Select between Olefin Polymerization, Branching Regulation, or Olefin Isomerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:1635-1640. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glen R. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
| | - Hatice E. Basbug Alhan
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
| | - Lucas J. Karas
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
| | - Judy I. Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry University of Houston 3585 Cullen Blvd. Houston Texas 77004 USA
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19
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Tran TV, Karas LJ, Wu JI, Do LH. Elucidating Secondary Metal Cation Effects on Nickel Olefin Polymerization Catalysts. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thi V. Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd., Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Lucas J. Karas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd., Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Judy I. Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd., Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Loi H. Do
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd., Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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20
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Li M, Wang R, Eisen MS, Park S. Light-mediated olefin coordination polymerization and photoswitches. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00426j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review outlines photoswitchable, transition metal-based olefin coordination polymerization catalysts ranging from homogeneous to heterogeneous, and monometallic to bimetallic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- Shantou 515063
- China
| | - Ruibin Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- Shantou 515063
- China
| | - Moris S. Eisen
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- Shantou 515063
- China
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
| | - Sehoon Park
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- Shantou 515063
- China
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
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21
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Keyes A, Basbug Alhan HE, Ordonez E, Ha U, Beezer DB, Dau H, Liu Y, Tsogtgerel E, Jones GR, Harth E. Olefins and Vinyl Polar Monomers: Bridging the Gap for Next Generation Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12370-12391. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Keyes
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Hatice E. Basbug Alhan
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Estela Ordonez
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Uyen Ha
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Dain B. Beezer
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Huong Dau
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Yu‐Sheng Liu
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Enkhjargal Tsogtgerel
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Glen R. Jones
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
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22
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Keyes A, Basbug Alhan HE, Ordonez E, Ha U, Beezer DB, Dau H, Liu Y, Tsogtgerel E, Jones GR, Harth E. Olefine und polare Vinylmonomere: Überbrückung der Lücke für Materialien der nächsten Generation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Keyes
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Hatice E. Basbug Alhan
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Estela Ordonez
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Uyen Ha
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Dain B. Beezer
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Huong Dau
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Yu‐Sheng Liu
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Enkhjargal Tsogtgerel
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Glen R. Jones
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of ChemistryCenter of Excellence in Polymer ChemistryUniversity of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Houston Texas 77030 USA
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