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Schußmann MG, Kreutzer L, Hirschberg V. Fast and Scalable Synthetic Route to Densely Grafted, Branched Polystyrenes and Polydienes via Anionic Polymerization Utilizing P2VP as Branching Point. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300674. [PMID: 38234077 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Defined, branched polymer architectures with low dispersity and architectural purity are of great interest to polymer science but are challenging to synthesize. Besides star and comb, especially the pom-pom topology is of interest as it is the simplest topology with exactly two branching points. Most synthetic approaches to a pom-pom topology reported a lack of full control and variability over one of the three topological parameters, the backbone or arm molecular weight and arm number. A new, elegant, fast, and scalable synthetic route without the need for post-polymerization modification (PPM) or purification steps during the synthesis to a pom-pom and a broad variety of topologies made from styrene and dienes is reported, with potential application to barbwire, bottlebrush, miktoarm star, Janus type polymers, or multi-graft copolymers. The key is to inset short poly(2-vinyl-pyridine) blocks (<2 mol% in the branched product) into the backbone as branching points. Carb anions can react at the C6 carbon of the pyridine ring, grafting the arms onto the backbone. Since the synthetic route to polystyrene pom-poms has only two steps and is free of PPM or purification, large amounts of up to 300 g of defined pom-pom structures can be synthesized in one batch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max G Schußmann
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Engesserstraße 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lukas Kreutzer
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Engesserstraße 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Valerian Hirschberg
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Engesserstraße 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Technical University Clausthal, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 4, 38678, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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Hartmann F, Niebuur BJ, Koch M, Kraus T, Gallei M. Synthesis and Microphase Separation of Dendrimer-like Block Copolymers by Anionic Polymerization Strategies. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Ntetsikas K, Ladelta V, Bhaumik S, Hadjichristidis N. Quo Vadis Carbanionic Polymerization? ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 3:158-181. [PMID: 37065716 PMCID: PMC10103213 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Living anionic polymerization will soon celebrate 70 years of existence. This living polymerization is considered the mother of all living and controlled/living polymerizations since it paved the way for their discovery. It provides methodologies for synthesizing polymers with absolute control of the essential parameters that affect polymer properties, including molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, composition and microstructure, chain-end/in-chain functionality, and architecture. This precise control of living anionic polymerization generated tremendous fundamental and industrial research activities, developing numerous important commodity and specialty polymers. In this Perspective, we present the high importance of living anionic polymerization of vinyl monomers by providing some examples of its significant achievements, presenting its current status, giving several insights into where it is going (Quo Vadis) and what the future holds for this powerful synthetic method. Furthermore, we attempt to explore its advantages and disadvantages compared to controlled/living radical polymerizations, the main competitors of living carbanionic polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Ntetsikas
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Viko Ladelta
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saibal Bhaumik
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Steube M, Johann T, Barent RD, Müller AH, Frey H. Rational design of tapered multiblock copolymers for thermoplastic elastomers. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang C, Wu Y, Zhu Y, Ma H, Zhang M, Liu G, He J, Ni P. Investigation of eight-arm tapered star copolymers prepared by anionic copolymerization and coupling reaction. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00567k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of eight-arm tapered star copolymers 8[P(I-co-S)x]-POSS were synthesized by the coupling reaction between octavinyl POSS and the tapered living copolymer chains obtained from statistical anionic copolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmeng Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Wu
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, Beijing, 102617, P. R. China
| | - Yihui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Ma
- Testing and Analysis Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mingzu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - GengXin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Jinlin He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, Beijing, 102617, P. R. China
| | - Peihong Ni
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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von Tiedemann P, Yan J, Barent RD, Spontak RJ, Floudas G, Frey H, Register RA. Tapered Multiblock Star Copolymers: Synthesis, Selective Hydrogenation, and Properties. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp von Tiedemann
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Olden Street, Princeton, 08544 New Jersey, United States
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695 North Carolina, United States
| | - Ramona D. Barent
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Graduate Center, Forum Universitatis 2, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Richard J. Spontak
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695 North Carolina, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695 North Carolina, United States
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Richard A. Register
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Olden Street, Princeton, 08544 New Jersey, United States
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Zheng C. Gradient copolymer micelles: an introduction to structures as well as structural transitions. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:5357-5370. [PMID: 31210242 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00880b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exhibiting variation of the composition along a chain, gradient copolymers bring new blood to the old story of polymeric micelles. The gradient chain structure results in some special features in micellar structures and leads to unique structural transitions, potentially leading to new properties and applications. Henceforth, gradient copolymer micellar structures and their transitions from the viewpoint of soft matter physics will be reviewed. Concepts such as a diffuse interface, shrinkage-stretching of micelles, and intrinsic temperature responsiveness are summarized from current research, which highlight new characteristic structures, relaxation modes and novel properties of micelles, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China.
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