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Ren X, Du Y, Qu X, Li Y, Yin L, Shen K, Zhang J, Liu Y. Controllable Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles with Improved Photocatalytic Performance for the Degradation of Rhodamine B under Ultraviolet Light Irradiation. Molecules 2023; 28:5135. [PMID: 37446798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, two-dimensional (2D) Zn-HMT (Zn(NO3)2(HMT)2(H2O)2]n) nanosheets were synthesized using a facile one-step chemical precipitation in the presence of Zn(NO3)2, hexamine (HMT), and anhydrous ethanol at room temperature. Subsequently, hexagonal Tx-ZnO (Tx-ZnO refers to the zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles) were synthesized by a high-temperature solid-phase method at different temperatures (x = 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, and 800 °C) nanoparticles with different morphologies were synthesized by a high-temperature calcination approach using 2D Zn-HMT nanosheets as precursor. The crystal structure, morphology, specific surface areas, surface and interface properties, optical properties, and charge migration behaviors of the as-synthesized Tx-ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), automatic specific surface and aperture analyzer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-visible spectrophotometer, photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The photocatalytic performances and stabilities of the as-synthesized typical Tx-ZnO nanoparticles with various morphologies were evaluated and compared with the commercial ZnO (CM-ZnO) nanoparticle. The T700-ZnO nanoparticle with spherical and irregular morphology exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity (99.12%) for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB), compared to T500-ZnO (92.32%), T600-ZnO (90.65%), T800-ZnO (44.04%), and the CM-ZnO (88.38%) nanoparticle, which can be attributed to the cooperative effects of higher crystallinity, bigger crystal size, the strongest separation efficiency, the lowest recombination rate, the fastest charge carrier transfer path, and the highest charge-transfer efficiency. The superior photocatalytic activity illustrated by the T700-ZnO nanoparticle makes it have potential application prospects for the treatment of organic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Yien Du
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Xinji Qu
- Qingdao Second Health School of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266308, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Qingdao Second Health School of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266308, China
| | - Luxi Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Kaixin Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
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Ganguli AK, Kunde GB, Raza W, Kumar S, Yadav P. Assessment of Performance of Photocatalytic Nanostructured Materials with Varied Morphology Based on Reaction Conditions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227778. [PMID: 36431879 PMCID: PMC9696975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of nanomaterials with specific morphology is an essential aspect for the optimisation of its properties and applications. The application of nanomaterials is being discussed in a wide range of areas, one of which is directly relevant to the environment through photocatalysis. To produce an effective photocatalyst for environmental applications, morphology plays an important role as it affects the surface area, interfaces, crystal facets and active sites, which ultimately affects efficiency. The method of synthesis and synthesis temperature can be the basic considerations for the evaluation of a particular nanomaterial. In this study, we have considered the aspects of morphology with a basic understanding and analyzed them in terms of nanomaterial efficacy in photocatalysis. Different morphologies of specific nanomaterials such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silver phosphate, cadmium sulphide and zinc titanate have been discussed to come to reasonable conclusions. Morphologies such as nanorods, nanoflower, nanospindles, nanosheets, nanospheres and nanoparticles were compared within and outside the domain of given nanomaterials. The different synthesis strategies adopted for a specific morphology have been compared with the photocatalytic performance. It has been observed that nanomaterials with similar band gaps show different performances, which can be linked with the reaction conditions and their nanomorphology as well. Materials with similar morphological structures show different photocatalytic performances. TiO2 nanorods appear to have the best features of efficient photocatalyst, while the nanoflowers show very low efficiency. For CdS, the nanoflower is the best morphology for photocatalysis. It appears that high surface area is the key apart from the morphology, which controls the efficiency. The overall understanding by analyzing all the available information has enumerated a path to select an effective photocatalyst amongst the several nanomaterials available. Such an analysis and comparison is unique and has provided a handle to select the effective morphology of nanomaterials for photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Ganguli
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
- Correspondence: (A.K.G.); (G.B.K.); Tel.: +91-11-26591511 (A.K.G.); +91-77-38611349 (G.B.K.)
| | - Gajanan B. Kunde
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
- Correspondence: (A.K.G.); (G.B.K.); Tel.: +91-11-26591511 (A.K.G.); +91-77-38611349 (G.B.K.)
| | - Waseem Raza
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Priyanka Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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Niu X, Du Y, He J, Li X, Wen G. Hydrothermal Synthesis of Co-Exposed-Faceted WO 3 Nanocrystals with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12162879. [PMID: 36014744 PMCID: PMC9415315 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, rod-shaped, cuboid-shaped, and irregular WO3 nanocrystals with different co-exposed crystal facets were prepared for the first time by a simple hydrothermal treatment of tungstic acid colloidal suspension with desired pH values. The crystal structure, morphology, specific surface area, pore size distribution, chemical composition, electronic states of the elements, optical properties, and charge migration behavior of as-obtained WO3 products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fully automatic specific surface area and porosity analyzer, UV-vis absorption spectra, photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The photocatalytic performances of the synthesized pHx-WO3 nanocrystals (x = 0.0, 1.5, 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0) were evaluated and compared with the commercial WO3 (CM-WO3) nanocrystals. The pH7.0-WO3 nanocrystals with co-exposed {202} and {020} facets exhibited highest photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue solution, which can be attributed to the synergistic effects of the largest specific surface area, the weakest luminescence peak intensity and the smallest arc radius diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Niu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Yien Du
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Guangming Wen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
- Department of Scientific Research, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
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Du Y, Niu X, Zhang C, Li X, Cai X, Guo Y, Wang P. FacileSynthesis of Anatase TiO
2
Nanocrystals with Co‐Exposed{101}, {010}/{100} and [111]‐Facets for EfficientPhotodegradation of Methylene Blue. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐en Du
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Jinzhong University Jinzhong 030619 China
| | - Xianjun Niu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Jinzhong University Jinzhong 030619 China
| | - Caifeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Taiyuan Normal University Jinzhong 030619 China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Jinzhong University Jinzhong 030619 China
| | - Xuemei Cai
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Jinzhong University Jinzhong 030619 China
| | - Yanqing Guo
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Jinzhong University Jinzhong 030619 China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan 030001 China
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Du YE, Li W, Bai Y, Huangfu Z, Wang W, Chai R, Chen C, Yang X, Feng Q. Facile synthesis of TiO 2/Ag 3PO 4 composites with co-exposed high-energy facets for efficient photodegradation of rhodamine B solution under visible light irradiation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:24555-24569. [PMID: 35516206 PMCID: PMC9055145 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04183a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, TiO2/Ag3PO4 composites based on anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with co-exposed {101}, {010}/{100}, {001} and [111]-facets and Ag3PO4 microcrystals with irregular and cubic-like polyhedron morphologies were successfully synthesized by combining hydrothermal and ion-exchange methods. The anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with different high-energy facets were controllably prepared via hydrothermal treatment of the exfoliated [Ti4O9]2−/[Ti2O5]2− nanosheet solutions at desired pH values. The Ag3PO4 microcrystal with different morphologies was prepared via the ion-exchange method in the presence of AgNO3 and NH4H2PO4 at room temperature, which was used as a substrate to load the as-prepared anatase TiO2 nanocrystals on its surface and to form TiO2/Ag3PO4 heterostructures. The apparent rate constant of the pH 3.5-TiO2/Ag3PO4 composite was the highest at 12.0 × 10−3 min−1, which was approximately 1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 13.3, and 24.0 fold higher than that of pH 0.5-TiO2/Ag3PO4 (10.5 × 10−3 min−1), pH 7.5-TiO2/Ag3PO4 (10.2 × 10−3 min−1), pH 11.5-TiO2 (8.8 × 10−3 min−1), Ag3PO4 (7.7 × 10−3 min−1), blank sample (0.9 × 10−3 min−1), and the commercial TiO2 (0.5 × 10−3 min−1), respectively. The pH 3.5-TiO2/Ag3PO4 composite exhibited the highest visible-light photocatalytic activity which can be attributed to the synergistic effects of its heterostructure, relatively small crystal size, large specific surface area, good crystallinity, and co-exposed high-energy {001} and [111]-facets. The as-prepared TiO2/Ag3PO4 composites still exhibited good photocatalytic activity after three successive experimental runs, indicating that they had remarkable stability. This study provides a new way for the preparation of TiO2/Ag3PO4 composite semiconductor photocatalysts with high energy crystal surfaces and high photocatalytic activity. TiO2/Ag3PO4 composites with co-exposed {101}, {010}/{100}, {001} and [111]-facets were successfully synthesized by combining hydrothermal and ion-exchange methods.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-En Du
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University Jinzhong 030619 China .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China .,Department of Advanced Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kagawa University 2217-20 Hayashi-cho Takamatsu-shi 761-0396 Japan
| | - Wanxi Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University Jinzhong 030619 China
| | - Yang Bai
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University Jinzhong 030619 China
| | - Zewen Huangfu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University Jinzhong 030619 China
| | - Weijin Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University Jinzhong 030619 China
| | - Ruidong Chai
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University Jinzhong 030619 China
| | - Changdong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University Fushun 113001 China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kagawa University 2217-20 Hayashi-cho Takamatsu-shi 761-0396 Japan
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Liang Y, Yang Y, Xu K, Yu T, Yang Q, Shi P, Yuan C. Crystal facets engineering and rGO hybridizing for synergistic enhancement of photocatalytic activity of nickel disulfide. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121402. [PMID: 31668761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Crystal facets engineering and graphene hybridizing have been proved to be effective means to improve the photocatalytic activities of semiconductor photocatalysts in recent years. However, most of these efforts are concentrated in metal oxides. In the present study, crystal facets effect on the photocatalytic activity of metal sulfide NiS2 was studied for the first time. It was found that the {111}-faceted NiS2 nanocrystals showed improved photocatalytic activity in the degradation of various typical pollutants in water compared with {100}-faceted NiS2 nanocrystals. Moreover, through hybridizing with rGO nanosheets, the photocatalytic activity of the {111}-faceted NiS2 nanocrystals can be further improved, resulting in the complete degradation of heavy metal hexavalent chromium and organic dyes. The photocatalytic mechanism was studied in detail through theory calculation and experimental characterization. It was found that both the surface energies of Ni-terminated and S-terminated {111} facets were much higher than that of {100} facets, indicating that {111} facets were more active. Besides, rGO hybridizing can realize the effective separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. The results provide important guidance for the further development of efficient metal sulfide photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Sensors, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectronics and Telecommunication, School of Physics, Communication and Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yong Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Sensors, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectronics and Telecommunication, School of Physics, Communication and Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Keng Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Sensors, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectronics and Telecommunication, School of Physics, Communication and Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Ting Yu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Sensors, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectronics and Telecommunication, School of Physics, Communication and Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Qing Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Sensors, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectronics and Telecommunication, School of Physics, Communication and Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Pengyuan Shi
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Sensors, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectronics and Telecommunication, School of Physics, Communication and Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Cailei Yuan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Sensors, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectronics and Telecommunication, School of Physics, Communication and Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, PR China.
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7
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He G, Yang W, Zheng W, Gong L, Wang X, An Y, Tian M. Facile controlled synthesis of Ag 3PO 4 with various morphologies for enhanced photocatalytic oxygen evolution from water splitting. RSC Adv 2019; 9:18222-18231. [PMID: 35515254 PMCID: PMC9064677 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01306g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A facile and green hydrothermal method has been developed for the synthesis of Ag3PO4 with a variety of morphologies, including cubic, rhombic dodecahedral, spherical and roughly spherical, by using Ag4P2O7 as a sacrificial precursor. The as-prepared catalysts were characterized by carrying out X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The morphology of Ag3PO4 was controlled by simply adjusting the hydrothermal reaction temperature and time, without adding any templates and organic additives. Kinetics studies and characterization results revealed that the transformation from P2O7 4- to a PO4 3- radical was a rate-determining step, and influenced the morphology of Ag3PO4. Different oxygen evolution rates were observed for samples subjected to different hydrothermal reaction times, and the highest initial rate of O2 evolution achieved was 582.55 μmol h-1 g-1. Furthermore, for the samples prepared using a hydrothermal reaction time of 96 h, as the hydrothermal reaction temperature was increased, the oxygen evolution rate of the resulting sample decreased first and then increased, and the highest initial rate of O2 evolution was 856.06 μmol h-1 g-1, about twice the 418.34 μmol h-1 g-1 value for the sample prepared using the coprecipitation method. A possible mechanism has been proposed to explain how the hydrothermal reaction temperature and time influenced the Ag3PO4 morphology. Our method provides a guiding hydrothermal strategy for the synthesis of insoluble electrolytes with various morphologies from relatively soluble electrolytes without the need to use templates and organic additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiwei He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University Guiyang Guizhou Province 550025 PR China +86 15985159596 +86 18085027366
| | - Wanliang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University Guiyang Guizhou Province 550025 PR China +86 15985159596 +86 18085027366
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University Guiyang Guizhou Province 550025 PR China +86 15985159596 +86 18085027366
| | - Li Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University Guiyang Guizhou Province 550025 PR China +86 15985159596 +86 18085027366
| | - Xinghui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University Guiyang Guizhou Province 550025 PR China +86 15985159596 +86 18085027366
| | - Yan An
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University Guiyang Guizhou Province 550025 PR China +86 15985159596 +86 18085027366
| | - Mengkui Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University Guiyang Guizhou Province 550025 PR China +86 15985159596 +86 18085027366
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Duan J, Xu L, Liu Y, Liu B, Zhai T, Guan J. In situ epitaxial growth of Ag3PO4 quantum dots on hematite nanotubes for high photocatalytic activities. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi00744j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Surface-adsorbed phosphate anions on Fe2O3 nanotubes can guide the in situ epitaxial growth of Ag3PO4 quantum dots on the nanotubes, efficiently improving the photogenerated charge transfer and photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- China
| | - Leilei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- China
| | - Youwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Bingxin Liu
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of New Light Alloys
- Qinghai University
- Xining 810016
- China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Jianguo Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
- China
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