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Chen J, Yang X, Huang Y, Zheng Z, Li T. The Development of Aldehyde Catalytic System. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300731. [PMID: 37755436 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde catalysts have proven to be highly effective in facilitating and accelerating a wide range of challenging transformations in organic chemistry. This article is structured into three main sections, focusing on the utilization of aldehydes as organocatalysts, the aldehydes/transition metals catalytic systems, and photochemical initiators. Finally, we provide a concise summary of the advancements in this fascinating research field, offering our perspectives and insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University. Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaoqun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University. Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yixian Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University. Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhiguo Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University. Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tingting Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University. Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
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2
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Ma X, Zhang Q, Zhang W. Remote Radical 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,5-, 1,6- and 1,7-Difunctionalization Reactions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073027. [PMID: 37049790 PMCID: PMC10095731 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radical transformations are powerful in organic synthesis for the construction of molecular scaffolds and introduction of functional groups. In radical difunctionalization reactions, the radicals in the first functionalized intermediates can be relocated through resonance, hydrogen atom or group transfer, and ring opening. The resulting radical intermediates can undertake the following paths for the second functionalization: (1) couple with other radical groups, (2) oxidize to cations and then react with nucleophiles, (3) reduce to anions and then react with electrophiles, (4) couple with metal-complexes. The rearrangements of radicals provide the opportunity for the synthesis of 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,5-, 1,6-, and 1,7-difunctionalization products. Multiple ways to initiate the radical reaction coupling with intermediate radical rearrangements make the radical reactions good for difunctionalization at the remote positions. These reactions offer the advantages of synthetic efficiency, operation simplicity, and product diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China;
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 99 Xuefu Road, Suzhou 215009, China;
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Green Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-287-6147
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3
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Radical addition-triggered remote functionalization of C–H bond via 1, n-hydrogen atom transfer process. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Zhu B, Li Z, Chen F, Xiong W, Tan X, Lei M, Wu W, Jiang H. Palladium-catalyzed oxidative Heck reaction of non-activated alkenes directed by fluorinated alcohol. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12688-12691. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04921j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new reactivity pattern for the regio- and stereoselective oxidative arylation of non-activated alkenes by introducing a trifluoromethyl group in the substrate enol has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhewei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenfang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaobin Tan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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5
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Xi JM, Liao WW. Radical addition to the CC bond meets (1, n)-HAT: recent advances in the remote C(sp 3)–H or C(sp 2)–H functionalization of alkenes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00793b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent development of remote C(sp3)–H bond or aldehydic C(sp2)–H functionalizations enabled by intermolecular radical addition to CC bond/(1,n)-HAT tandem sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ming Xi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Liao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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6
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Shao A, Chen J, Wang L, Yi M, Yang H, Zhang Y, Fan S, Chen S, Wu H, Shi R. Excited-state cobaloxime catalysis enabled scalable oxidant-free dehydrogenative C–H phosphinoylation of undirected heterocycles. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00662f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light-induced excited-state cobalt catalysis enables C(sp2)–H/C(sp3)–H phosphinoylation accompanied by H2 evolution. The reaction achieves the late-stage modification of more than 10 distinct classes of heterocycles and arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailong Shao
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Jifang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Mingchen Yi
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Han Yang
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Suhua Fan
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Shuisheng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Hai Wu
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Renyi Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shanxi, P. R. China
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Deng W, Hu Y, Hu J, Li X, Li Y, Huang Y. Electrochemically induced Markovnikov-type selective hydro/deuterophosphonylation of electron-rich alkenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12094-12097. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04729b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemically induced Markovnikov-type selective hydro/deuterophosphonylation of electron-rich alkenes with P(O)H compounds to generate various organophosphorus compounds has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Deng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529090, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529090, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529090, P. R. China
| | - Xinling Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529090, P. R. China
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529090, P. R. China
| | - Yubing Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529090, P. R. China
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8
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Bam R, Pollatos AS, Moser AJ, West JG. Mild olefin formation via bio-inspired vitamin B 12 photocatalysis. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1736-1744. [PMID: 34163933 PMCID: PMC8179286 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05925k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dehydrohalogenation, or elimination of hydrogen-halide equivalents, remains one of the simplest methods for the installation of the biologically-important olefin functionality. However, this transformation often requires harsh, strongly-basic conditions, rare noble metals, or both, limiting its applicability in the synthesis of complex molecules. Nature has pursued a complementary approach in the novel vitamin B12-dependent photoreceptor CarH, where photolysis of a cobalt–carbon bond leads to selective olefin formation under mild, physiologically-relevant conditions. Herein we report a light-driven B12-based catalytic system that leverages this reactivity to convert alkyl electrophiles to olefins under incredibly mild conditions using only earth abundant elements. Further, this process exhibits a high level of regioselectivity, producing terminal olefins in moderate to excellent yield and exceptional selectivity. Finally, we are able to access a hitherto-unknown transformation, remote elimination, using two cobalt catalysts in tandem to produce subterminal olefins with excellent regioselectivity. Together, we show vitamin B12 to be a powerful platform for developing mild olefin-forming reactions. Terminal or subterminal olefins can be selectively formed from alkyl electrophiles via bio-inspired vitamin B12 photocatalysis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Bam
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University 6500 Main St Houston TX USA .westchem.org
| | | | - Austin J Moser
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University 6500 Main St Houston TX USA .westchem.org
| | - Julian G West
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University 6500 Main St Houston TX USA .westchem.org
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9
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Sarkar S, Cheung KPS, Gevorgyan V. C-H functionalization reactions enabled by hydrogen atom transfer to carbon-centered radicals. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12974-12993. [PMID: 34123240 PMCID: PMC8163321 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04881j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective functionalization of ubiquitous unactivated C-H bonds is a continuous quest for synthetic organic chemists. In addition to transition metal catalysis, which typically operates under a two-electron manifold, a recent renaissance in the radical approach relying on the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process has led to tremendous growth in the area. Despite several challenges, protocols proceeding via HAT are highly sought after as they allow for relatively easy activation of inert C-H bonds under mild conditions leading to a broader scope and higher functional group tolerance and sometimes complementary reactivity over methods relying on traditional transition metal catalysis. A number of methods operating via heteroatom-based HAT have been extensively reported over the past few years, while methods employing more challenging carbon analogues have been less explored. Recent developments of mild methodologies for generation of various carbon-centered radical species enabled their utilization in the HAT process, which, in turn, led to the development of remote C(sp3)-H functionalization reactions of alcohols, amines, amides and related compounds. This review covers mostly recent advances in C-H functionalization reactions involving the HAT step to carbon-centered radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumon Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas 800 W Campbell Rd Richardson Texas 75080 USA
| | - Kelvin Pak Shing Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas 800 W Campbell Rd Richardson Texas 75080 USA
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas 800 W Campbell Rd Richardson Texas 75080 USA
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10
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Yang S, Wang L, Wang L, Li H. Visible-Light Photoredox-Catalyzed Regioselective Sulfonylation of Alkenes Assisted by Oximes via [1,5]-H Migration. J Org Chem 2019; 85:564-573. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Yang
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Hongji Li
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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11
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Li L, Luo H, Zhao Z, Li Y, Zhou Q, Xu J, Li J, Ma YN. Photoredox-Catalyzed Remote Difunctionalizations of Alkenes To Synthesize Fluoroalkyl Ketones with Dimethyl Sulfoxide as the Oxidant. Org Lett 2019; 21:9228-9231. [PMID: 31680529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Visible light-mediated cascade remote oxyfluoroalkylation of alkenes under mild conditions is developed for the first time. The key point of this transformation is the incorporation of alkene fluoroalkylation-initiated remote benzyl C-H bond activation via a 1,5-H shift in a highly controlled site-selective manner and Kornblum reaction with dimethyl sulfoxide as the oxidant. With this method, a broad array of fluoroalkyl groups were introduced into a double bond to produce 1,6-fluoroalkylated ketones at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan 464000 , China
| | - Haotian Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan 464000 , China
| | - Zhengguang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan 464000 , China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan 464000 , China
| | - Qiuju Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan 464000 , China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan 464000 , China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan 464000 , China
| | - Yan-Na Ma
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan 453000 , China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , China
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12
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Xu WX, Dai XQ, Weng JQ. K 2S 2O 8-Mediated Hydroxyalkylation of Benzothiazoles with Alcohols in Aqueous Solution. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:11285-11292. [PMID: 31460231 PMCID: PMC6648524 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The K2S2O8-mediated hydroxyalkylation of 2H-benzothiazoles with aliphatic alcohols in aqueous solution was described. The mild and convenient protocol generated a series of hydroxyalkylated benzothiazoles in moderate to good yields. Besides, benzimidazole and ethers were also compatible in this reaction, leading to corresponding C2 ether-substituted heteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiu Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Dai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Quan Weng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People’s Republic of China
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Ning Y, Mekareeya A, Babu KR, Anderson EA, Bi X. Silver-Catalyzed C- to N-Center Remote Arene Migration. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Ning
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Aroonroj Mekareeya
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Kaki Raveendra Babu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Edward A. Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Xihe Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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14
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Zhang Y, Huang C, Lin X, Hu Q, Hu B, Zhou Y, Zhu G. Modular Synthesis of Alkylarylazo Compounds via Iron(III)-Catalyzed Olefin Hydroamination. Org Lett 2019; 21:2261-2264. [PMID: 30869900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel Fe-catalyzed olefin hydroamination with aryldiazo sulfones for accessing alkylarylazo compounds has been successfully developed. Aryldiazo sulfones are used as radical acceptors, and N-N double bonds will be regenerated when an arene sulfonyl group leaves. The reaction features mild reaction conditions and a broad substrate scope, allowing access to many azo compounds that would be difficult or perhaps impossible to access using other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials , Zhejiang Normal University , 688 Yingbin Road , Jinhua 321004 , China
| | - Chenchao Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials , Zhejiang Normal University , 688 Yingbin Road , Jinhua 321004 , China
| | - Xinru Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials , Zhejiang Normal University , 688 Yingbin Road , Jinhua 321004 , China
| | - Qi Hu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials , Zhejiang Normal University , 688 Yingbin Road , Jinhua 321004 , China
| | - Boyue Hu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials , Zhejiang Normal University , 688 Yingbin Road , Jinhua 321004 , China
| | - Yulu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials , Zhejiang Normal University , 688 Yingbin Road , Jinhua 321004 , China
| | - Gangguo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials , Zhejiang Normal University , 688 Yingbin Road , Jinhua 321004 , China
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