1
|
Nishikata T. α-Halocarbonyls as a Valuable Functionalized Tertiary Alkyl Source. ChemistryOpen 2024:e202400108. [PMID: 38989712 DOI: 10.1002/open.202400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review introduces the synthetic organic chemical value of α-bromocarbonyl compounds with tertiary carbons. This α-bromocarbonyl compound with a tertiary carbon has been used primarily only as a radical initiator in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) reactions. However, with the recent development of photo-radical reactions (around 2010), research on the use of α-bromocarbonyl compounds as tertiary alkyl radical precursors became popular (around 2012). As more examples were reported, α-bromocarbonyl compounds were studied not only as radicals but also for their applications in organometallic and ionic reactions. That is, α-bromocarbonyl compounds act as nucleophiles as well as electrophiles. The carbonyl group of α-bromocarbonyl compounds is also attractive because it allows the skeleton to be converted after the reaction, and it is being applied to total synthesis. In our survey until 2022, α-bromocarbonyl compounds can be used to perform a full range of reactions necessary for organic synthesis, including multi-component reactions, cross-coupling, substitution, cyclization, rearrangement, stereospecific reactions, asymmetric reactions. α-Bromocarbonyl compounds have created a new trend in tertiary alkylation, which until then had limited reaction patterns in organic synthesis. This review focuses on how α-bromocarbonyl compounds can be used in synthetic organic chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishikata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8611, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou N, Wang L, Zhao F, Gao X, Zhao X, Zhang M. NHC-Catalyzed Tandem Reaction: A Strategy for the Synthesis of 2-Pyrrolidinone-Functionalized Phenanthridines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16556-16565. [PMID: 37971950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed tandem cyclization/addition/cyclization reaction of 2-isocyanobiaryls and α-bromo-N-cinnamylamides for the synthesis of 2-pyrrolidinone-functionalized phenanthridines is developed. This protocol features a radical cascade process, broad substrate scope, and good functional group compatibility under metal- and oxidant-free reaction conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nengneng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Fangli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Čamdžić L, Stache EE. Controlled Radical Polymerization of Acrylates and Isocyanides Installs Degradable Functionality into Novel Copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20311-20318. [PMID: 37669233 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Installing ketones into a polymer backbone is a known method for introducing photodegradability into polymers; however, most current methods are limited to ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymerization. Here we use isocyanides in place of carbon monoxide in a copolymerization strategy to access degradable nonalternating poly(ketones) that either maintain or enhance the thermal properties. A cobalt-mediated radical polymerization of acrylates and isocyanides synthesizes nonalternating poly(acrylate-co-isocyanide) copolymers with tunable incorporation using monomer feed ratios. The kinetic product of the polymerization is a dynamic β-imine ester that tautomerizes to the β-enamine ester. Hydrolysis of this copolymer affords a third copolymer microstructure─the elusive nonalternating poly(ketone)─from a single copolymerization strategy. Analysis of the copolymer properties demonstrates tunable thermal properties with the degree of incorporation. Finally, we show that poly(acrylate-co-isocyanide) and poly(acrylate-co-ketone) are photodegradable with 390 nm light, enabling chain cleavage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lejla Čamdžić
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Erin E Stache
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pei C, Yang Z, Koenigs RM. Photochemical palladium-catalyzed methylation and alkylation reactions in cascade reactions of isonitriles. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
5
|
Yuan S, Ye X, Cai J, Song Z, Tan Y, Peng Y, Ding Q. DMF-Assisted Radical Cyclization of o-Isocyanodiaryl Ethers via 1,5-Aryl Migration: Construction of 2-Arylbenzoxazoles. J Org Chem 2021; 87:1485-1492. [PMID: 34967643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel DMF-assisted radical cyclization of o-isocyanodiaryl ethers via 1,5-aryl migration has been developed for the synthesis of a series of 2-arylbenzoxazoles by the FeCl3/TBHP/Et3N catalytic system in DMF. However, N,N-dimethylbenzo[d]thiazole-2-carboxamide and N,N-dimethylbenzo[d]selenazole-2-carboxamide were obtained from the corresponding substrate 2-isocyanophenyl p-methoxyphenyl thioether and 2-isocyanodiphenyl selenoether under the same conditions. A possible mechanism may involve aryl 1,5-migration and DMF-assisted radical cyclization of o-isocyanodiaryl ethers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sitian Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Xiaoling Ye
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jingyu Cai
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Zhibin Song
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yuxing Tan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yiyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Qiuping Ding
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Váňa L, Jakubec M, Sýkora J, Císařová I, Storch J, Církva V. Synthesis of Aza[ n]phenacenes ( n = 4-6) via Photocyclodehydrochlorination of 2-Chloro- N-aryl-1-naphthamides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13252-13264. [PMID: 34533022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel methodology for the synthesis of aza[n]phenacenes was successfully developed utilizing photocyclodehydrochlorination reaction of 2-chloro-N-aryl-1-naphthamides. In these key intermediates, the factors influencing the photoreaction were studied. The target aza[n]phenacenes were obtained by triflation or chlorination from prepared phenanthridinones, followed by hydrogenation. The introduction of a nitrogen atom into a phenacene skeleton induced changes in the physicochemical properties. The important properties of prepared aza[n]phenacenes (n = 4-6) were studied experimentally and by density functional theory calculations and were compared to those of their carbo analogues. Furthermore, some important features of the crystalline aza[n]phenacenes were investigated, including intermolecular interaction in the crystal lattice and the increased solubility or decreased melting points.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan Sýkora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Luo Z, Li R, Zhu T, Liu C, Feng H, Aboagye Nartey K, Liu Q, Xu X. Iron‐Catalyzed Oxidative Decabonylation/Radical Cyclization of Aliphatic Aldehydes with Biphenyl Isocyanides: A New Pathway For the Synthesis of 6‐Alkylphenanthridines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zaigang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines College of Chemical Engineering AnHui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 P. R. China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines College of Chemical Engineering AnHui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines College of Chemical Engineering AnHui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 P. R. China
| | - Chen‐Fu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science Gannan Medical University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Haoran Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines College of Chemical Engineering AnHui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 P. R. China
| | - Kojo Aboagye Nartey
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines College of Chemical Engineering AnHui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 P. R. China
| | - Qiannan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines College of Chemical Engineering AnHui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines College of Chemical Engineering AnHui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Talukdar V, Vijayan A, Kumar Katari N, Radhakrishnan KV, Das P. Recent Trends in the Synthesis and Mechanistic Implications of Phenanthridines. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Talukdar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad 826004 India
| | - Ajesh Vijayan
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur road Bengaluru 560029 India
| | | | - K. V. Radhakrishnan
- CSIR – National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad 826004 India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Qin WB, Xiong W, Li X, Chen JY, Lin LT, Wong HNC, Liu GK. Visible-Light-Driven Difluoromethylation of Isocyanides with S-(Difluoromethyl)diarylsulfonium Salt: Access to a Wide Variety of Difluoromethylated Phenanthridines and Isoquinolines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10479-10487. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bing Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jia-Yi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Li-Ting Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Henry N. C. Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guo-Kai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kawahara KP, Matsuoka W, Ito H, Itami K. Synthesis of Nitrogen-Containing Polyaromatics by Aza-Annulative π-Extension of Unfunctionalized Aromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6383-6388. [PMID: 32011794 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds (N-PACs) are an important class of compounds in materials science. Reported here is a new aza-annulative π-extension (aza-APEX) reaction that allows rapid access to a range of N-PACs in 11-84 % yields from readily available unfunctionalized aromatics and imidoyl chlorides. In the presence of silver hexafluorophosphate, arenes and imidoyl chlorides couple in a regioselective fashion. The follow-up oxidative treatment with p-chloranil affords structurally diverse N-PACs, which are very difficult to synthesize. DFT calculations reveal that the aza-APEX reaction proceeds through the formal [4+2] cycloaddition of an arene and an in situ generated diarylnitrilium salt, with sequential aromatizations having relatively low activation energies. Transformation of N-PACs into nitrogen-doped nanographenes and their photophysical properties are also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kou P Kawahara
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Wataru Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kawahara KP, Matsuoka W, Ito H, Itami K. Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Containing Polyaromatics by Aza‐Annulative π‐Extension of Unfunctionalized Aromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kou P. Kawahara
- Graduate School of ScienceNagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Wataru Matsuoka
- Graduate School of ScienceNagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Graduate School of ScienceNagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- JST-ERATOItami Molecular Nanocarbon ProjectNagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of ScienceNagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- JST-ERATOItami Molecular Nanocarbon ProjectNagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM)Nagoya University Chikusa Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu X, Song H, Zhai X, Tung CH, Wang W. Cobalt-catalyzed regioselective hydrohydrazination of epoxides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1572-1576. [PMID: 32039418 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00037j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using an air-stable cobalt catalyst [Cp*Co(1,2-Ph2PC6H4S)(NCMe)]BF4 (1, Cp* = Me5C5-), we have achieved catalytic regioselective hydrohydrazination of epoxides to 1,1-hydrazinoalcohols in an atom-economical manner. The catalysis involves a cobalt-hydrazine intermediate, in which the NH2 group of the hydrazine binds to the metal center, inhibiting its nucleophilic reactivity and allowing the NH group to participate in the regioselective hydrohydrazination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Liu
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Heng Song
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhai
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Wenguang Wang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xie Y, Wu C, Jia C, Tung CH, Wang W. Iron–cobalt-catalyzed heterotrimerization of alkynes and nitriles to polyfunctionalized pyridines. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00693a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The iron(ii)–cobalt(ii) co-catalyzed heterotrimerization of alkynes and nitriles enables the synthesis of 2,3,4,5,6-pentafunctionalized pyridines in a single step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Xie
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
| | - Chengjuan Wu
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
| | - Changhao Jia
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
| | - Wenguang Wang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
| |
Collapse
|