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Dai Y, Li Z, Pu M, Lei M. Understanding the Mechanism and Selectivity of 1,1-Diborylalkanes from Alkenes Catalyzed by a Zirconium Complex. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37365139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1,1-diborylalkanes from readily available alkenes is an appealing method. The density functional theory (DFT) method was employed to investigate the reaction mechanism of 1,1-diborylalkanes, which was synthesized from alkenes and a borane, and the reaction was catalyzed by a zirconium complex Cp2ZrCl2. The entire reaction is divided into two cycles: dehydrogenative boration to form vinyl boronate esters (VBEs) and hydroboration of VBEs. This article focuses on the hydroboration cycle and elaborates on the role of the reducing reagents in the equilibrium of self-contradictory reactivity (dehydrogenative boration and hydroboration). The H2 and HBpin pathways were investigated as the reducing reagents in the hydroboration process. The calculated results showed that it is more advantageous to use H2 as a reducing agent (path A). Furthermore, the σ-bond metathesis is the rate-determining step (RDS) with an energetic span of 21.4 kcal/mol. This is consistent with the self-contradictory reactivity balance proposed in the experiment. The reaction modes of the hydroboration process were also discussed. These analyses revealed the origin of selectivity in this boration reaction, in which the σ-bond metathesis of HBpin needs to overcome the strong interaction between HBpin and the Zr metal. Meanwhile, the origin of the selectivity of different positions of H2 is the interaction between the σ(H1-H2) → σ*(Zr1-C1) overlap and these findings have implications for catalyst design and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhewei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Min Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Dai Y, Yuan B, Li Z, Zhang L, Li L, Pu M, Lei M. Density Functional Theory Study on the H 2-Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Boration of Alkenes Catalyzed by a Zirconium Complex. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16632-16643. [PMID: 36446027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For the synthesis of vinyl boronate esters, the direct catalytic H2-acceptorless dehydrogenative boration of alkenes is one of the promising strategies. In this paper, the density functional theory method was employed to investigate the reaction mechanism of dehydrogenative boration and transfer boration of alkenes catalyzed by a zirconium complex (Cp2ZrH2). There are two possible pathways for this reaction: the alkene insertion followed by the dehydrogenative boration (path A) and the alkene insertion after the dehydrogenative boration (path B). The calculated results showed that path A is more favorable than path B, and that the rate-determining step is the C-B coupling step with an energy barrier of 18.7 kcal/mol. The reaction modes of the C-B coupling assisted dehydrogenative boration and the alkene insertion were also discussed. These analyses reveal a novel hydrogen release behavior in dehydrogenative boration and the alkene insertion modes and sequences were proposed to be of importance in the chemoselectivity of this reaction. In addition, the X ligand effect (X = H, Cl) on the catalytic activity of the zirconium complex was explored, indicating that the H ligand could enhance the catalytic activity of the complex for styrene dehydrogenative boration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Binfang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Zhewei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Longfei Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Min Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Yang J, Kong D, Wu H, Shen Z, Zou H, Zhao W, Huang G. Palladium-Catalyzed Regio- and Chemoselective Double-Alkoxycarbonylation of 1,3-Diynes: A Computational Study. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00122e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed double-alkoxycarbonylation of 1,3-diynes provides an efficient approach for the selective synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrasubstituted conjugated dienes. In this report, density functional theory calculations have been performed to elucidate the...
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Li X, Ren X, Wu H, Zhao W, Tang X, Huang G. Mechanism and selectivity of copper-catalyzed borocyanation of 1-aryl-1,3-butadienes: A computational study. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Wu Z, Zhang M, Shi Y, Huang G. Mechanism and origins of stereo- and enantioselectivities of palladium-catalyzed hydroamination of racemic internal allenes via dynamic kinetic resolution: a computational study. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00174k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations were performed to investigate the Pd-catalyzed hydroamination of racemic internal allenes with pyrazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
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Li X, Wu H, Wu Z, Huang G. Mechanism and Origins of Regioselectivity of Copper-Catalyzed Borocyanation of 2-Aryl-Substituted 1,3-Dienes: A Computational Study. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5514-5523. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hongli Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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Liao X, Wang D, Huang Y, Yang Y, You J. Highly Chemo-, Regio- and E/Z-Selective Intermolecular Heck-Type Dearomative [2 + 2 + 1] Spiroannulation of Alkyl Bromoarenes with Internal Alkynes. Org Lett 2019; 21:1152-1155. [PMID: 30693773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Described herein is a palladium-catalyzed dearomative annulation of alkyl bromoarenes with internal alkynes. Challenges in this spiroannulation include the chemoselectivity among [2 + 2 + 1], [2 + 2 + 2], and [3 + 2] annulations and the E/ Z-selectivity associated with the generated exocyclic double bond. In the presence of Pd(OAc)2 and a phosphine ligand, a variety of highly functionalized spirocyclopentadienes with an exocyclic carbon-carbon double bond are provided in good to excellent yields with high chemo-, regio-, and E/ Z-selectivity via a Heck-type pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , P.R. China
| | - Deping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , P.R. China
| | - Yueyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , P.R. China
| | - Yudong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , P.R. China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , P.R. China
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