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Chutia A, Arandhara PJ, Saikia AK. Synthesis of Highly π-Extended Dihydrobenzo[ a]indenocarbazole Scaffolds via Tandem Benzannulation and Friedel-Crafts Reaction of 2-Alkynylanilines and 2-Alkynylbenzaldehydes Promoted by Lewis Acid. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11542-11557. [PMID: 39054636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
A novel and efficient tandem protocol for the swift synthesis of dihydrobenzo[a]indenocarbazole frameworks from 2-alkynylanilines and 2-alkynylbenzaldehydes via BF3·OEt2-facilitated benzannulation and Friedel-Crafts reaction has been described. This innovative approach accommodates a wide array of functional groups, offering a myriad of diversified carbazole products. Later, postsynthetic modification leads to its C(sp3)-H hydroxylation. Furthermore, the photophysical properties of some selected synthesized moieties have been meticulously investigated, promising exciting avenues for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Chutia
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Pallav Jyoti Arandhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Anil K Saikia
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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2
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Zhang L, Wang Z, Song Z. Synthesis of Benzo[ a]carbazoles and Dibenzo[ c, g]carbazoles via Sequential Gold Catalysis and Photomediated Cyclization. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8888-8895. [PMID: 38818883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a reaction protocol for the construction of benzo[a]carbazole and dibenzo[c,g]carbazole frameworks. The detailed gold catalytic reaction conditions developed for the challenging intermolecular carbon nucleophilic addition to internal alkynes are realized, giving the desired alkyne hydroarylation products in good yields. The resulting trisubstituted alkenes are able to undergo photomediated cyclization, furnishing the desired carbazole molecules with excellent yields and high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguang Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, P. R. China
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3
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Nguyen HT, Nguyen PN, Van Le T, Nguyen TH, Nguyen LD, Tran PH. Synthesis of benzo[ a]carbazole derivatives via intramolecular cyclization using Brønsted acidic carbonaceous material as the catalyst. RSC Adv 2023; 13:28623-28631. [PMID: 37780732 PMCID: PMC10540035 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04943d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a new procedure for the synthesis of benzo[a]carbazole from 1,3-diketones, primary amines, phenylglyoxal monohydrate, and malononitrile employing a solid acidic catalyst has been developed. The multicomponent reaction provided 3-cyanoacetamide pyrrole as an intermediate and then the formation of benzo[a]carbazole via intramolecular ring closure. The reaction was carried out for 2 h at 240 °C, resulting in the desired product with 73% yield. Acidic sites on the solid acid catalyst, made from rice husk-derived amorphous carbon with a sulfonic acid core (AC-SO3H), provided the best activity. Acidic sites on the surface of the catalyst, including carboxylic, phenolic, and sulfonic acids, were 4.606 mmol g-1 of the total acidity. AC-SO3H demonstrated low cost, low toxicity, porosity, stability, and flexibility of tuning and reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Truong Nguyen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Phat Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Tan Van Le
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Trinh Hao Nguyen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Linh Dieu Nguyen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Phuong Hoang Tran
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
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Zhang M, Zhao P, Wu D, Qiu Z, Zhao C, Zhang W, Li F, Zhou J, Liu L. Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Reaction of N-arylnaphthalen-2-amines with Quinone Esters for the Construction of Carbazole and C-N Axially Chiral Carbazole Derivatives. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36812409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated here an efficient synthetic method of carbazole derivatives from readily available N-arylnaphthalen-2-amines and quinone esters catalyzed by Brønsted acid. With this strategy, a series of carbazole derivatives were obtained in good to excellent yields (76 to >99) under mild conditions. Large scale reaction illustrated the synthetic utility of this protocol. Meanwhile, a series of C-N axially chiral carbazole derivatives were also constructed in moderate to good yields (36-89% yield) with moderate to excellent atroposelectivities (44-94% ee) by using chiral phosphoric acid as a catalyst, which provides a novel strategy for the atroposelective construction of C-N axially chiral compounds and a new member of the C-N atropisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Pin Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Dongqing Wu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Zhichao Qiu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Chenyue Zhao
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Feng Li
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lantao Liu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China.,College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
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Xie JM, Zhu YL, Fu YM, Zhu CF, Cheng LJ, You YE, Wu X, Li YG. Gold-Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of 2-Alkynyl Aryl Azides with Enecarbamates for Direct Synthesis of α-(3-Indolyl)ketones. Org Lett 2023; 25:421-425. [PMID: 36622839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
α-(3-Indolyl)ketones are essential building blocks for the generation of biologically active molecules. We described a new method for the direct assembly of α-(3-indolyl)ketones through the cascade reaction of 2-alkynyl aryl azides with enecarbamates, in which the in situ generated α-imino gold carbene intermediate was trapped by enecarbamate to achieve umpolung reactivity of indole at the 3-position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ming Xie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei230009, China
| | - Yun-Long Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei230009, China
| | - Yan-Ming Fu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei230009, China
| | - Cheng-Feng Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei230009, China
| | - Lan-Jun Cheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei230009, China
| | - Yang-En You
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei230009, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei230009, China
| | - You-Gui Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei230009, China
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Christoffers J, Kieslich D. Cyanide Anions as Nucleophilic Catalysts in Organic Synthesis. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1499-8943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe nucleophilic addition of a cyanide anion to a carbonyl group is the basis for several cyanide-catalyzed organic reactions, which are summarized in this review. Since cyanide is also a good leaving group, it is an excellent catalyst for transacylation reactions. As an electron-withdrawing group, it also stabilizes a negative charge in its α-position, thus allowing the umpolung of aldehydes to formyl anion equivalents. The two leading examples are the benzoin condensation and the Michael–Stetter reaction furnishing α-hydroxy ketones and 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds, which are both catalyzed by cyanides. The review also covers variants like the silyl-benzoin coupling, the aldimine coupling and the imino-Stetter reaction. Moreover, some cyanide-catalyzed heterocyclic syntheses are reviewed.1 Introduction2 Nucleophilic Additions2.1 Cyanohydrin Formation2.2 Corey–Gilman–Ganem and Related Oxidation Reactions2.3 Conjugate Addition2.4 Intramolecular Carbocyanation3 Transacylation Reactions3.1 Ester Hydrolysis and Transesterification3.2 Formation of Amides3.3 Ketones from Esters3.4 Esters from Ketones4 Transformations Involving an Umpolung4.1 Benzoin Condensation4.2 Aldimine Coupling4.3 Michael–Stetter Reaction4.4 Imino-Stetter Reaction5 Formation of Heterocycles5.1 Oxazolines from Isocyanoacetates5.2 Imidazoles from TosMIC via Oxazolines5.3 Bargellini Reaction6 Conclusion
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Banerjee A, Kundu S, Bhattacharyya A, Sahu S, Maji MS. Benzannulation strategies for the synthesis of carbazoles, indolocarbazoles, benzocarbazoles, and carbolines. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00092f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a critical and authoritative analysis of several exciting benzannulation approaches developed in the past decade for the construction of carbazoles, indolocarbazoles, benzocarbazoles, and carbolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Samrat Kundu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Arya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Samrat Sahu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
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8
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Kim HJ, Cheon C. Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Tryptamines via Cyanide‐Catalyzed Imino‐Stetter Reaction. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Joo Kim
- Department of Chemistry Korea University 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol‐Hong Cheon
- Department of Chemistry Korea University 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
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10
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Bae C, Park E, Cho CG, Cheon CH. General Strategy for the Synthesis of Antirhine Alkaloids: Divergent Total Syntheses of (±)-Antirhine, (±)-18,19-Dihydroantirhine, and Their 20-Epimers. Org Lett 2020; 22:2354-2358. [PMID: 32141756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A general synthetic strategy for antirhine alkaloids was developed in this study. The cyanide-catalyzed imino-Stetter reaction of ethyl 2-aminocinnamate and 4-bromopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde afforded the corresponding indole-3-acetic acid derivative. Subsequent formation of the six-membered C ring followed by trans-selective installation of the two-carbon unit at C-15 provided rapid access to the key intermediate. Stereoselective installation of substituents at C-20 allowed the total syntheses of (±)-antirhine, (±)-18,19-dihydroantirhine, and their 20-epimers, all of the known natural products in the antirhine family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheolwoo Bae
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjoon Park
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheon-Gyu Cho
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hong Cheon
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Saha S, Maji MS. One-pot access to tetrahydrobenzo[c]carbazoles from simple ketones by using O2 as an oxidant. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1765-1768. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02751c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An effective and operationally simple one-pot Brønsted acid catalyzed cascade method is demonstrated for the synthesis of diversely functionalized carbazole frameworks starting from protecting group free 2-alkenyl indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvendu Saha
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
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12
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Yuan Y, Guo X, Zhang X, Li B, Huang Q. Access to 5H-benzo[a]carbazol-6-ols and benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-b]indol-6-ols via rhodium-catalyzed C–H activation/carbenoid insertion/aldol-type cyclization. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00820f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The rhodium-catalyzed mono-ortho C–H activation/carbenoid insertion/aldol-type cyclization of 3-aldehyde-2-phenyl-1H-indoles with diazo compounds has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Yuan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Xiemin Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Buhong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Qiufeng Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
- P.R. China
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjoon Park
- Department of ChemistryKorea University 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol‐Hong Cheon
- Department of ChemistryKorea University 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
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