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Chowdhury S, Jana S, Panguluri SPK, Wenzel W, Klayatskaya S, Ruben M. Ferrocene Appended Porphyrin-Based Bipolar Electrode Material for High-Performance Energy Storage. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301903. [PMID: 38266158 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The versatile properties of bipolar organic electrode materials have attracted considerable attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage (EES). However, their practical application is hindered by their inherent limitations including low intrinsic electrical conductivity, low specific capacity, and high solubility. Herein, a bipolar organic molecule combining both porphyrin and ferrocene moieties (CuDEFcP) [5,15-bis(ethynyl)-10,20-di ferrocenyl porphinato]copper(II)) has been developed. It is proposed as a new organic electrode material with multifunctional application for rechargeable organic lithium-based batteries (ROLBs) and dual-ion organic symmetric batteries (SDIBs). Superior performance was delivered as cathode material in lithium based dual-ion batteries (LDIBs), with a high initial discharge capacity of 300 mAh. g-1 at 0.2 A. g-1 and a reversible capacity of 58 mAh. g-1 after 5000 cycles at 1 A. g-1. However, employing it as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), a reversible capacity of 295 mAh. g-1 at 0.2 A. g-1 was delivered. In SDIBs, in which CuDEFcP is used as both anode and cathode, an average discharge voltage of 2.4 V and an energy density of 261 Wh.kg-1 were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagor Chowdhury
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany
- Centre Européen de Sciences Quantiques (CESQ), Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Suparamolaiculaires (ISIS), Strasbourg Cedex, F-67083, France
| | - Saibal Jana
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany
| | - Sai P K Panguluri
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technology (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany
| | - Svetlana Klayatskaya
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany
- Centre Européen de Sciences Quantiques (CESQ), Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Suparamolaiculaires (ISIS), Strasbourg Cedex, F-67083, France
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technology (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany
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Vogt A, Stümpges F, Bajrami J, Baumgarten D, Millan J, Mena-Osteritz E, Bäuerle P. Tunable Regioselectivity in C-H-Activated Direct Arylation Reactions of Dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrroles. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301867. [PMID: 37667450 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, regioselectively controlled direct arylation of dithieno[3,2-b:2,3'-d]pyrroles (DTPs) is reported. By carefully selecting the catalytic system, Pd source, ligand, and additives, we achieved either selective N-arylation or unprecedented β-arylation and β,β'-diarylation of the DTP core through C-H activation when reacting unsubstituted H-DTP with 9-anthracenyl halides. For N-substituted DTPs, we obtained regioselective carboxylate-assisted arylation of the α-position(s). Consequently, depending on the catalytic system and substitution at the DTP nitrogen, we successfully synthesized novel regioselectively substituted DTPs, including N-aryl, rarely reported β-aryl, β,β'-diaryl, α-aryl, and α,α'-diaryl scaffolds. These compounds can be straightforwardly prepared and further functionalized for applications as organic electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Vogt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Stümpges
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jessi Bajrami
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Baumgarten
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Judith Millan
- Dpto. de Química - Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006, Logroño-La Rioja, España
| | - Elena Mena-Osteritz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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Bandera Y, Jones HW, Grant B, Mell S, Foulger SH. Synthesis, electropolymerization and functionalization via click chemistry of N-alkynylated dithieno[3,2- b:2',3'- d]pyrrole. RSC Adv 2022; 12:29187-29196. [PMID: 36320729 PMCID: PMC9558075 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03265a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A new N-alkynylated dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole (DTP) monomer was synthesized using a Buchwald–Hartwig amination of 3,3′-dibromo-2,2′-bithiophene with pent-4-yn-1-amine. The obtained monomer was investigated for the possibility of a pre-polymerization modification via Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (“click”) reaction with azide-containing organic compounds. The synthesized N-alkynylated DTP monomer is soluble in a number of organic solvents and reacts with organic azides via “click” reactions in mild conditions, achieving high yields. The N-alkynylated DTP monomer and its “click”-modified derivative can be electropolymerized to form polymeric films. Herein, the synthesis and characterization of a “click” modified DTP monomer, its pre-modified derivative, and their corresponding polymers are described. The developed method is a facile route to synthesize a new generation of various N-functionalized DTP homopolymers. An N-alkynylated DTP monomer is functionalized with “click” reactions and provides a facile route to synthesize various N-functionalized DTP homopolymers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Bandera
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET), Clemson UniversityAndersonSC 29625USA,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA
| | - Haley W. Jones
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET), Clemson UniversityAndersonSC 29625USA,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA
| | - Benjamin Grant
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET), Clemson UniversityAndersonSC 29625USA,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA
| | - Sarah Mell
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET), Clemson UniversityAndersonSC 29625USA,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA
| | - Stephen H. Foulger
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET), Clemson UniversityAndersonSC 29625USA,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA,Department of Bioengineering, Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA
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4
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Beladi-Mousavi SM, Walder L. Materials and systems for polymer-based Metallocene batteries: Status and challenges. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rohland P, Schröter E, Nolte O, Newkome GR, Hager MD, Schubert US. Redox-active polymers: The magic key towards energy storage – a polymer design guideline progress in polymer science. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Vogt A, Schwer F, Förtsch S, Lorenz C, Mena‐Osteritz E, Aubele A, Kraus T, Bäuerle P. Broadly Applicable Synthesis of Arylated Dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrroles as Building Blocks for Organic Electronic Materials. Chemistry 2021; 27:12362-12370. [PMID: 34152046 PMCID: PMC8456814 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A novel and versatile method for the N-arylation of dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole (DTP) is presented. By Pd- or Cu-catalyzed coupling a variety of arenes and acenes were directly attached at the DTP-nitrogen yielding a variety of functionalized DTPs. Investigations on optical and redox properties led to valuable structure-property relationships, which were corroborated by quantum chemical calculations. Further functionalization and elongation of the conjugation of an acceptor-substituted DTP was elaborated to result in complex cruciform-type donor-acceptor oligomers, which were investigated and implemented in single material organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Vogt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced MaterialsUniversity of UlmAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Fabian Schwer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced MaterialsUniversity of UlmAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Sebastian Förtsch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced MaterialsUniversity of UlmAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
- IFFAugust-Wolff-Straße 1329699WalsrodeGermany
| | - Christoph Lorenz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced MaterialsUniversity of UlmAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Elena Mena‐Osteritz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced MaterialsUniversity of UlmAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Anna Aubele
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced MaterialsUniversity of UlmAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Teresa Kraus
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced MaterialsUniversity of UlmAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced MaterialsUniversity of UlmAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
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Hu L, Gong B, Jiang N, Li Y, Wu Y. Electrochemical biosensor for cytokinins based on the CHASE domain of Arabidopsis histidine kinases 4. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 141:107872. [PMID: 34182415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, An AHK4 CHASE domain was used to construct an electrochemical cytokinin biosensor using ferrocene as the electrochemical mediator. Upon addition of cytokinin, the binding of cytokinin and AHK4 led to dimerization, which blocked electron transfer between ferrocene and the electrode, and the redox peak current of ferrocene was gradually reduced. Cytokinin was detected by recording the change of the ferrocene redox peak current. The biosensor shows a linear range of 50-400 nM with a linear regression equation of ip = 0.0086c + 0.732 (R2 = 0.993) with ip in μA and c in nM and a detection limit (LOD) of 1.5 nM (S/N = 3). The biosensor exhibits excellent performance that avoids interference of other types of plant hormones and was successfully applied to the detection of cytokinins in bean sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuzhe Hu
- College of Life Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Bin Gong
- College of Life Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Life Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Life Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yunhua Wu
- College of Life Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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Förtsch S, Mena-Osteritz E, Bäuerle P. Synthesis and characterization of β,β′-dimethylated dithieno[3,2- b:2′,3′- d]pyrroles and their corresponding regioregular conducting electropolymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00479d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis, structural characterization, and oxidative polymerization of β,β′-dimethyl-dithienopyrrole 2–7 leading to linear, strictly regioregular conjugated polymers without structural defects due to the blocked β-positions are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Förtsch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Elena Mena-Osteritz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
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Rybakiewicz R, Skórka Ł, Gańczarczyk R. Dithienopyrrole-based Organic Electroactive Materials and Their Photovoltaic Aspects. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999201014154321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole has recently become a useful building block in the
synthesis of donor-acceptor molecules with practical application in various organic technologies.
The DTP molecule itself consists of a pyrrole ring with two fused thiophenes providing
an alternative for the related dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene. Most notably, the significance of
DTP-based low- and high-molecular weight species has increased in recent years since, upon
proper processing, they allow to improve the performance of many fields of organic electronics.
This review is a trial of a brief report on recent advances in modern DTP chemistry with
examples of their applications, mostly in the area of organic photovoltaics. The scope of this
manuscript was to present the structure-property relationships that had been found together
with the development of DTP-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Rybakiewicz
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Exact Sciences, Woycickiego 1/3, 01 938 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Skórka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00 664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Gańczarczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00 664 Warsaw, Poland
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Exploring organo-palladium(II) complexes as novel organometallic materials for Li-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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