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Liang TC, Su HY, Uma K, Chen SA, Deng ZC, Kao TT, Lin CC, Chen LC. Stable Near-Infrared Photoluminescence of Hexagonal-Shaped PbS Nanoparticles with 1-Dodecanethiol Ligands. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2380. [PMID: 38793447 PMCID: PMC11123402 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, lead(II) sulphide (PbS) nanoparticles of varying particle sizes were synthesized using the hot injection method, employing 1-octadecene (ODE) as a coordinating ligand in conjunction with oleylamine (OAm). This synthesis approach was compared with the preparation of hexagonal-shaped nanoparticles through the ligand of 1-Dodecanethiol (DT), resulting in DT-capped PbS nanoparticles. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized using multiple techniques including photoluminescence (PL), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The condensation reaction of DT ligands led to various nanoparticles within the range of 34.87 nm to 35.87 nm across different synthesis temperatures (120 °C, 150 °C, 180 °C, 210 °C, and 240 °C). The PbS with DT ligands exhibited a highly crystalline and superhydrophilic structure. Interestingly, near-infrared (NIR)-PL analysis revealed peaks at 1100 nm, representing the lowest-energy excitonic absorption peak of PbS nanoparticles for both ligands. This suggests their potential utility in various applications, including IR photoreactors, as well as in the development of non-toxic nanoparticles for potential applications in in vivo bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsair-Chun Liang
- Institute of Photonics Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Su
- Institute of Photonics Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Kasimayan Uma
- Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
| | - Sih-An Chen
- Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Mathematic and Physical Sciences, General Education Center, R.O.C. Air Force Academy, Kaohsiung 820, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Chi Deng
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Ta Kao
- Institute of Photonics Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Mathematic and Physical Sciences, General Education Center, R.O.C. Air Force Academy, Kaohsiung 820, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Chien Chen
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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2
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Arya S, Jiang Y, Jung BK, Tang Y, Ng TN, Oh SJ, Nomura K, Lo YH. Understanding Colloidal Quantum Dot Device Characteristics with a Physical Model. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9943-9952. [PMID: 37874973 PMCID: PMC10636828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are finding increasing applications in optoelectronic devices, such as photodetectors and solar cells, because of their high material quality, unique and attractive properties, and process flexibility without the constraints of lattice match and thermal budget. However, there is no adequate device model for colloidal quantum dot heterojunctions, and the popular Shockley-Quiesser diode model does not capture the underlying physics of CQD junctions. Here, we develop a compact, easy-to-use model for CQD devices rooted in physics. We show how quantum dot properties, QD ligand binding, and the heterointerface between quantum dots and the electron transport layer (ETL) affect device behaviors. We also show that the model can be simplified to a Shockley-like equation with analytical approximate expressions for reverse saturation current, ideality factor, and quantum efficiency. Our model agrees well with the experiment and can be used to describe and optimize CQD device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaurya Arya
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yunrui Jiang
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Byung Ku Jung
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
University, Seoul 02841, Republic
of Korea
| | - Yalun Tang
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Tse Nga Ng
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Soong Ju Oh
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
University, Seoul 02841, Republic
of Korea
| | - Kenji Nomura
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yu-Hwa Lo
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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3
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Gong W, Wang P, Li J, Li J, Zhang Y. Elucidating the Gain Mechanism in PbS Colloidal Quantum Dot Visible-Near-Infrared Photodiodes. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8327-8335. [PMID: 36040422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The responsivities of colloidal quantum dot (CQD) photodiodes are not satisfactory (∼0.3 A W-1) due to the lack of gain. Here, visible-near-infrared PbS CQD photodiodes with a peak responsivity of ∼1 A W-1 and external quantum efficiencies larger than 100% are demonstrated. The gain is realized by electron tunneling injection through the Schottky junction (PbS-EDT/Au) with barrier height reduced to 0.27 eV, originating from the capture of photogenerated holes at the negatively charged acceptor traps generated in the oxidized hole-transport layer PbS-EDT. The resulting device exhibits a peak detectivity of ∼8 × 1011 jones at -1 V. Additionally, the response speed (400 μs) is not sacrificed by the trap states because of the dominated faster electron drift motion in the fully depleted device. Our results provide an accurate elucidation of the gain mechanism in CQD photodiodes and promise them great potential in weak light detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gong
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Faculty of Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jingjie Li
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jingzhen Li
- Faculty of Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhe Zhang
- Faculty of Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Nicoara AI, Eftimie M, Elisa M, Vasiliu IC, Bartha C, Enculescu M, Filipescu M, Aguado CE, Lopez D, Sava BA, Oane M. Nanostructured PbS-Doped Inorganic Film Synthesized by Sol-Gel Route. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12173006. [PMID: 36080042 PMCID: PMC9457661 DOI: 10.3390/nano12173006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
IV-VI semiconductor quantum dots embedded into an inorganic matrix represent nanostructured composite materials with potential application in temperature sensor systems. This study explores the optical, structural, and morphological properties of a novel PbS quantum dots (QDs)-doped inorganic thin film belonging to the Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5 system. The film was synthesized by the sol-gel method, spin coating technique, starting from a precursor solution deposited on a glass substrate in a multilayer process, followed by drying of each deposited layer. Crystalline PbS QDs embedded in the inorganic vitreous host matrix formed a nanocomposite material. Specific investigations such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical absorbance in the ultraviolet (UV)-visible (Vis)-near infrared (NIR) domain, NIR luminescence, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to obtain a comprehensive characterization of the deposited film. The dimensions of the PbS nanocrystallite phase were corroborated by XRD, SEM-EDX, and AFM results. The luminescence band from 1400 nm follows the luminescence peak of the precursor solution and that of the dopant solution. The emission of the PbS-doped film in the NIR domain is a premise for potential application in temperature sensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ionut Nicoara
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1 Gh. Polizu Str., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Eftimie
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1 Gh. Polizu Str., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-772058797
| | - Mihail Elisa
- National Institute for R & D for Optoelectronics-INOE 2000, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Ileana Cristina Vasiliu
- National Institute for R & D for Optoelectronics-INOE 2000, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Cristina Bartha
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405 A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Monica Enculescu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405 A, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Mihaela Filipescu
- National Institute of Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - César Elosúa Aguado
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering, Public University of Navarra, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarra, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Diego Lopez
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering, Public University of Navarra, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bogdan Alexandru Sava
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1 Gh. Polizu Str., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute of Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Mihai Oane
- National Institute of Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania
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Becker-Koch D, Albaladejo-Siguan M, Kress J, Kumar R, Hofstetter YJ, An Q, Bakulin AA, Paulus F, Vaynzof Y. Oxygen-induced degradation in AgBiS 2 nanocrystal solar cells. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3020-3030. [PMID: 34937076 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06456h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
AgBiS2 nanocrystal solar cells are among the most sustainable emerging photovoltaic technologies. Their environmentally-friendly composition and low energy consumption during fabrication make them particularly attractive for future applications. However, much remains unknown about the stability of these devices, in particular under operational conditions. In this study, we explore the effects of oxygen and light on the stability of AgBiS2 nanocrystal solar cells and identify its dependence on the charge extraction layers. Normally, the rate of oxygen-induced degradation of nanocrystals is related to their ligands, which determine the access sites by steric hindrance. We demonstrate that the ligands, commonly used in AgBiS2 solar cells, also play a crucial chemical role in the oxidation process. Specifically, we show that the tetramethylammonium iodide ligands enable their oxidation, leading to the formation of bismuth oxide and silver sulphide. Additionally, the rate of oxidation is impacted by the presence of water, often present at the surface of the ZnO electron extraction layer. Moreover, the degradation of the organic hole extraction layer also impacts the overall device stability and the materials' photophysics. The understanding of these degradation processes is necessary for the development of mitigation strategies for future generations of more stable AgBiS2 nanocrystal solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Becker-Koch
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Miguel Albaladejo-Siguan
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Joshua Kress
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Rhea Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processible Electronics, Imperial College London, London W120BZ, UK
| | - Yvonne J Hofstetter
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Qingzhi An
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processible Electronics, Imperial College London, London W120BZ, UK
| | - Fabian Paulus
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
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6
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Clark PCJ, Lewis NK, Ke JCR, Ahumada-Lazo R, Chen Q, Neo DCJ, Gaulding EA, Pach GF, Pis I, Silly MG, Flavell WR. Surface band bending and carrier dynamics in colloidal quantum dot solids. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:17793-17806. [PMID: 34668501 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05436h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Band bending in colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solids has become important in driving charge carriers through devices. This is typically a result of band alignments at junctions in the device. Whether band bending is intrinsic to CQD solids, i.e. is band bending present at the surface-vacuum interface, has previously been unanswered. Here we use photoemission surface photovoltage measurements to show that depletion regions are present at the surface of n and p-type CQD solids with various ligand treatments (EDT, MPA, PbI2, MAI/PbI2). Using laser-pump photoemission-probe time-resolved measurements, we show that the timescale of carrier dynamics in the surface of CQD solids can vary over at least 6 orders of magnitude, with the fastest dynamics on the order of microseconds in PbS-MAI/PbI2 solids and on the order of seconds for PbS-MPA and PbS-PbI2. By investigating the surface chemistry of the solids, we find a correlation between the carrier dynamics timescales and the presence of oxygen contaminants, which we suggest are responsible for the slower dynamics due to deep trap formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pip C J Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Nathan K Lewis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Jack Chun-Ren Ke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Ruben Ahumada-Lazo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Darren C J Neo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | | | - Gregory F Pach
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Igor Pis
- Laboratorio TASC, IOM CNR, S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S. S. 14 Km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mathieu G Silly
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, BP 48, Saint-Aubin, F91192 Gif sur Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Wendy R Flavell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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7
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Chen W, Ahn S, Balingit M, Wang J, Lockett M, Vazquez-Mena O. Near full light absorption and full charge collection in 1-micron thick quantum dot photodetector using intercalated graphene monolayer electrodes. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:4909-4915. [PMID: 32064482 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09901h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) offer several advantages in optoelectronics such as easy solution processing, strong light absorption and size tunable direct bandgap. However, their major limitation is their poor film mobility and short diffusion length (<250 nm). This has restricted the thickness of QD film to ∼200-300 nm due to the restriction that the diffusion length imposes on film thickness in order to keep efficient charge collection. Such thin films result in a significant decrease in quantum efficiency for λ > 700 nm in QDs photodetector and photovoltaic devices, causing a reduced photoresponsivity and a poor absorption towards the near-infrared part of the sunlight spectrum. Herein, we demonstrate 1 μm thick QDs photodetectors with intercalated graphene charge collectors that avoid the significant drop of quantum efficiency towards λ > 700 nm observed in most QD optoelectronic devices. The 1 μm thick intercalated QD films ensure strong light absorption while keeping efficient charge extraction with a quantum efficiency of 90%-70% from λ = 600 nm to 950 nm using intercalated graphene layers as charge collectors with interspacing distance of 100 nm. We demonstrate that the effect of graphene on light absorption is minimal. We achieve a time-modulation response of <1 s. We demonstrate that this technology can be implemented on flexible PET substrates, showing 70% of the original performance after 1000 times bending test. This system provides a novel approach towards high-performance photodetection and high conversion photovoltaic efficiency with quantum dots and on flexible substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, Center for Memory and Recording Research, Calibaja Center for Resilient Materials and Systems, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Seungbae Ahn
- Department of NanoEngineering, Center for Memory and Recording Research, Calibaja Center for Resilient Materials and Systems, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Marquez Balingit
- Department of NanoEngineering, Center for Memory and Recording Research, Calibaja Center for Resilient Materials and Systems, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Jiaying Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Center for Memory and Recording Research, Calibaja Center for Resilient Materials and Systems, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Malcolm Lockett
- Department of NanoEngineering, Center for Memory and Recording Research, Calibaja Center for Resilient Materials and Systems, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Oscar Vazquez-Mena
- Department of NanoEngineering, Center for Memory and Recording Research, Calibaja Center for Resilient Materials and Systems, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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8
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Babaev AA, Parfenov PS, Onishchuk DA, Dubavik A, Cherevkov SA, Rybin AV, Baranov MA, Baranov AV, Litvin AP, Fedorov AV. Functionalized rGO Interlayers Improve the Fill Factor and Current Density in PbS QDs-Based Solar Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E4221. [PMID: 31888184 PMCID: PMC6947317 DOI: 10.3390/ma12244221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-quantum dot nanocomposites attract significant attention for novel optoelectronic devices, such as ultrafast photodetectors and third-generation solar cells. Combining the remarkable optical properties of quantum dots (QDs) with the exceptional electrical properties of graphene derivatives opens a vast perspective for further growth in solar cell efficiency. Here, we applied (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane functionalized reduced graphene oxide (f-rGO) to improve the QDs-based solar cell active layer. The different strategies of f-rGO embedding are explored. When f-rGO interlayers are inserted between PbS QD layers, the solar cells demonstrate a higher current density and a better fill factor. A combined study of the morphological and electrical parameters of the solar cells shows that the improved efficiency is associated with better layer homogeneity, lower trap-state densities, higher charge carrier concentrations, and the blocking of the minor charge carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton A. Babaev
- Center of Information optical technology, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (P.S.P.); (D.A.O.); (A.D.); (S.A.C.); (A.V.R.); (M.A.B.); (A.V.B.); (A.P.L.); (A.V.F.)
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