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Guo X, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Huang H, Zhang C, Rao H. Improved Proton Conductivity of Chitosan-Based Composite Proton Exchange Membrane Reinforced by Modified GO Inorganic Nanofillers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1217. [PMID: 39057893 PMCID: PMC11280275 DOI: 10.3390/nano14141217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Non-fluorinated chitosan-based proton exchange membranes (PEMs) have been attracting considerable interest due to their environmental friendliness and relatively low cost. However, low proton conductivity and poor physicochemical properties have limited their application in fuel cells. In this work, a reinforced nanofiller (sulfonated CS/GO, S-CS/GO) is accomplished, for the first time, via a facile amidation and sulfonation reaction. Novel chitosan-based composite PEMs are successfully constructed by the incorporation of the nanofiller into the chitosan matrix. Additionally, the effects of the type and amount of the nanofillers on physicochemical and electrochemical properties are further investigated. It is demonstrated that the chitosan-based composite PEMs incorporating an appropriate amount of the nanofillers (9 wt.%) exhibit good membrane-forming ability, physicochemical properties, improved proton conductivity, and low methanol permeability even under a high temperature and low humidity environment. When the incorporated amounts of S-CS/GO are 9 wt.%, the proton conductivity of the composite PEMs was up to 0.032 S/cm but methanol permeability was decreased to 1.42 × 10-7 cm2/s. Compared to a pristine CS membrane, the tensile strength of the composite membrane is improved by 98% and the methanol permeability is reduced by 51%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.G.); (Z.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Zhongxin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.G.); (Z.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Zhanyan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.G.); (Z.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.G.); (Z.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Huaxin Rao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.G.); (Z.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.H.)
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2
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Jeong S, Ohto T, Nishiuchi T, Nagata Y, Fujita J, Ito Y. Suppression of Methanol and Formate Crossover through Sulfanilic-Functionalized Holey Graphene as Proton Exchange Membranes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304082. [PMID: 37688335 PMCID: PMC10625063 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Proton exchange membranes with high proton conductivity and low crossover of fuel molecules are required to realize advanced fuel-cell technology. The selective transportation of protons, which occurs by blocking the transportation of fuel molecules across a proton exchange membrane, is crucial to suppress crossover while maintaining a high proton conductivity. In this study, a simple yet powerful method is proposed for optimizing the crossover-conductivity relationship by pasting sulfanilic-functionalized holey graphenes onto a Nafion membrane. The results show that the sulfanilic-functionalized holey graphenes supported by the membrane suppresses the crossover by 89% in methanol and 80% in formate compared with that in the self-assembled Nafion membrane; an ≈60% reduction is observed in the proton conductivity. This method exhibits the potential for application in advanced fuel cells that use methanol and formic acid as chemical fuels to achieve high energy efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Jeong
- Institute of Applied PhysicsGraduate School of Pure and Applied SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba1‐1‐1 TennodaiTsukubaIbaraki305‐8571Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ohto
- Department of Materials Design Innovation EngineeringNagoya UniversityFuro‐choChikusa‐kuAichi464‐8603Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University1‐3 MachikaneyamaToyonakaOsaka560‐8531Japan
| | - Tomohiko Nishiuchi
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceOsaka University1‐1 MachikaneyamaToyonakaOsaka560‐0043Japan
| | - Yuki Nagata
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Jun‐ichi Fujita
- Institute of Applied PhysicsGraduate School of Pure and Applied SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba1‐1‐1 TennodaiTsukubaIbaraki305‐8571Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ito
- Institute of Applied PhysicsGraduate School of Pure and Applied SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba1‐1‐1 TennodaiTsukubaIbaraki305‐8571Japan
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Chandra Kishore S, Perumal S, Atchudan R, Alagan M, Wadaan MA, Baabbad A, Manoj D. Recent Advanced Synthesis Strategies for the Nanomaterial-Modified Proton Exchange Membrane in Fuel Cells. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:590. [PMID: 37367794 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen energy is converted to electricity through fuel cells, aided by nanostructured materials. Fuel cell technology is a promising method for utilizing energy sources, ensuring sustainability, and protecting the environment. However, it still faces drawbacks such as high cost, operability, and durability issues. Nanomaterials can address these drawbacks by enhancing catalysts, electrodes, and fuel cell membranes, which play a crucial role in separating hydrogen into protons and electrons. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have gained significant attention in scientific research. The primary objectives are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, particularly in the automotive industry, and develop cost-effective methods and materials to enhance PEMFC efficiency. We provide a typical yet inclusive review of various types of proton-conducting membranes. In this review article, special focus is given to the distinctive nature of nanomaterial-filled proton-conducting membranes and their essential characteristics, including their structural, dielectric, proton transport, and thermal properties. We provide an overview of the various reported nanomaterials, such as metal oxide, carbon, and polymeric nanomaterials. Additionally, the synthesis methods in situ polymerization, solution casting, electrospinning, and layer-by-layer assembly for proton-conducting membrane preparation were analyzed. In conclusion, the way to implement the desired energy conversion application, such as a fuel cell, using a nanostructured proton-conducting membrane has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somasundaram Chandra Kishore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Nagar, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suguna Perumal
- Department of Chemistry, Sejong University, Seoul 143747, Republic of Korea
| | - Raji Atchudan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Muthulakshmi Alagan
- Center for Environmental Management Laboratory, National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Chennai 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmad Wadaan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Almohannad Baabbad
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Devaraj Manoj
- Department of Chemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
- Centre for Material Chemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
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Senthil T, Prabukanthan P, Paradesi D, Dinakaran K.
TiO
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nanoparticle enhanced high temperature proton conductivity in hyperbranched sulfonated polyarylene aliphatic ketones for proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deivanayagam Paradesi
- Department of Chemistry SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Tamilnadu India
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Functionalized graphene/polystyrene composite, green synthesis and characterization. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21757. [PMID: 36526669 PMCID: PMC9756699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A composite of sulfonated waste polystyrene (SWPS) and graphene oxide was synthetized by an inverse coprecipitation in-situ compound technology. Polystyrene (PS) has a wide range of applications due to its high mechanical property. the graphene were incorporated into sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) to improve the thermal stability and mechanical performance of the composites. Functionalized graphene were synthesized with tour method by using recovered anode (graphite) of dry batteries while sulfonated waste expanded polystyrene was obtained through sulfonation of the polymer. The SPS and GO + SPS composite were characterized using by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). While the degree of sulfonation (DS) was determined through elemental analysis. The results show the degree of sulfonation of the composite is 23.5% and its ion exchange capacity is 1.2 meq g-1. TEM analysis revealed that the GO particles were loaded on the surface of sulphonated polystyrene and that the SWPS was intercalated into the sub-layers of nanoG homogeneously, which result in an increase in electrical conduction.
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R MN, M R, S S, G A, S AH, N MV, M VK. Fabrication of rechargeable proton battery and PEM fuel cell using biopolymer Gellan gum incorporated with NH4HCO2 solid electrolyte. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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7
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Li X, Zhang Z, Xie Z, Guo X, Yang T, Li Z, Tu M, Rao H. High Performance and Self-Humidifying of Novel Cross-Linked and Nanocomposite Proton Exchange Membranes Based on Sulfonated Polysulfone. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:841. [PMID: 35269328 PMCID: PMC8912755 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of inorganic additive or nanoparticles into fluorine-free proton exchange membranes (PEMs) can improve proton conductivity and have considerable effects on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Based on the sol-gel method and in situ polycondensation, novel cross-linked PEM and nanocomposite PEMs based on a sulfonated polysulfone (SPSU) matrix were prepared by introducing graphene oxide (GO) polymeric brushes and incorporating Pt-TiO2 nanoparticles into an SPSU matrix, respectively. The results showed that the incorporation of Pt-TiO2 nanoparticles could obviously enhance self-humidifying and thermal stability. In addition, GO polymer brushes fixed on polymeric PEM by forming a cross-linked network structure could not only solve the leakage of inorganic additives during use and compatibility problem with organic polymers, but also significantly improve proton conductivity and reduce methanol permeability of the nanocomposite PEM. Proton conductivity, water uptake and methanol permeability of the nanocomposite PEM can be up to 6.93 mS cm-1, 46.58% and be as low as 1.4157 × 10-6 cm2 s-1, respectively, which represent increases of about 70%, about 22% and a decrease of about 40%, respectively, compared with that of primary SPSU. Therefore, the synergic action of the covalent cross-linking, GO polymer brush and nanoparticles can significantly and simultaneously improve the overall performance of the composite PEM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huaxin Rao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.X.); (X.G.); (T.Y.); (Z.L.); (M.T.)
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8
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Kim J, Kim K, Han J, Lee H, Kim H, Kim S, Sung Y, Lee J. End‐group cross‐linked membranes based on highly sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) with vinyl functionalized graphene oxide as a cross‐linker and a filler for proton exchange membrane fuel cell application. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junghwan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kihyun Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Polymer Science and Engineering Gyeongsang National University Jinju South Korea
| | - Jusung Han
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhee Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Yung‐Eun Sung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jong‐Chan Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
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9
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Dong C, Shi Z, Zhou Q. Preparation and investigation of acid–base composite membranes with modified graphitic carbon nanosheets for direct methanol fuel cells. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Dong
- Sinopec Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals Dalian China
| | - Zhentang Shi
- Sinopec Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals Dalian China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringChina University of Petroleum‐Beijing Beijing China
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10
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Han J, Lee H, Kim J, Kim S, Kim H, Kim E, Sung YE, Kim K, Lee JC. Sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) composite membrane having sulfonated polytriazole grafted graphene oxide for high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Wetzler SP, Miller KA, Kisley L, Stanton ALD, Braun PV, Bailey RC. Real-Time Measurement of Polymer Brush Dynamics Using Silicon Photonic Microring Resonators: Analyte Partitioning and Interior Brush Kinetics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10351-10360. [PMID: 32852216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polymer brushes are found in biomedical and industrial technologies, where they exhibit functionalities considerably dependent on polymer brush-solvent-analyte interactions. It remains a difficult challenge to quickly analyze solvent-swollen polymer brushes, both at the solvent-polymer brush interface and in the brush interior, as well as to monitor the kinetics of interaction of solvent-swollen brushes with key analytes. Here, we demonstrate the novel use of silicon photonic microring resonators to characterize in situ swollen polymer brush-analyte interactions. By monitoring resonant wavelength shifts, we find that brush-solvent-analyte interaction parameters can be extracted from a single set of data or from successive analyte introductions using a single brush-coated sensor. The partition coefficient of three industrially relevant plasticizers into hydrophobic and hydrophilic brushes was determined and found to be in agreement with known solubility trends. We found that the diffusion coefficient of the plasticizer into the brush decreases as brush thickness increases, supporting a model of a dense inner brush layer and diffuse outer layer. pKa's of pH-sensitive brushes were determined on the microring resonator platform; upon increasing the dry brush thickness, the pKa for poly(2-dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate) decreased from 8.5 to approach the bulk material pKa of 7.3 and showed dependence on the presence and concentration of salt. These proof-of-concept experiments show how the surface-sensitive nature of the microring resonator detection platform provides valuable information about the interaction of the polymer brushes with the solvents and analytes, not easily accessed by other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon P Wetzler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kali A Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Lydia Kisley
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Alexandra L D Stanton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Paul V Braun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ryan C Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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12
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Junoh H, Jaafar J, Nordin NAHM, Ismail AF, Othman MHD, Rahman MA, Aziz F, Yusof N. Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Application: Perspective on Morphological Structure. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E34. [PMID: 32106509 PMCID: PMC7142913 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Membrane morphology plays a great role in determining the performance of polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs), especially for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications. Membrane morphology can be divided into two types, which are dense and porous structures. Membrane fabrication methods have different configurations, including dense, thin and thick, layered, sandwiched and pore-filling membranes. All these types of membranes possess the same densely packed structural morphology, which limits the transportation of protons, even at a low methanol crossover. This paper summarizes our work on the development of PEMs with various structures and architecture that can affect the membrane's performance, in terms of microstructures and morphologies, for potential applications in DMFCs. An understanding of the transport behavior of protons and methanol within the pores' limits could give some perspective in the delivery of new porous electrolyte membranes for DMFC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazlina Junoh
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Nik Abdul Hadi Md Nordin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia;
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Mukhlis A. Rahman
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Farhana Aziz
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Norhaniza Yusof
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
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Parthiban V, Sahu AK. Performance enhancement of direct methanol fuel cells using a methanol barrier boron nitride–Nafion hybrid membrane. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00433b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonated hexagonal boron nitride is explored as a potential filler to prepare Nafion hybrid membranes for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Parthiban
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute-Madras Unit
- CSIR Madras Complex
- Taramani
- Chennai 600113
- India
| | - A. K. Sahu
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute-Madras Unit
- CSIR Madras Complex
- Taramani
- Chennai 600113
- India
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14
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Zhang Y, Zheng L, Liu B, Wang H, Shi H. Sulfonated polysulfone proton exchange membrane influenced by a varied sulfonation degree for vanadium redox flow battery. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Das G, Park BJ, Kim J, Kang D, Yoon HH. Quaternized cellulose and graphene oxide crosslinked polyphenylene oxide based anion exchange membrane. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9572. [PMID: 31266980 PMCID: PMC6606628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45947-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have captivated vast interest due to non-platinum group metal catalysts and fuel flexibility. One of the major shortcomings of AEMFCs, however, is the lack of a stable and high anion conducting membrane. This study introduces a new strategy for fabrication of high conducting anion exchange membrane (AEM) using a hybrid nanocomposite of graphene oxide (GO), cellulose, and poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO), which are functionalized with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. The compositional ratio of GO/cellulose/PPO was optimized with respect to ionic conductivity, water uptake, swelling ratio, and mechanical properties. The membrane at GO/cellulose/PPO weight ratio of 1/1/100 displayed an impressive hydroxyl conductivity of ∼114 mS/cm at 25 °C and ∼215 mS/cm at 80 °C, which is considerably higher than the highest value reported. Further, the hybrid composite membranes were mechanically stable even when operating at high temperature (80 °C). The result indicates that the introduction of quaternized GO and cellulose into a polymer matrix is a promising approach for designing high performance AEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Das
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang Ju Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon Hee Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Zheng P, Liu Q, Li Z, Wang D, Liu X. Effect of Crosslinking Degree on Sulfonated Poly(aryl ether nitrile)s As Candidates for Proton Exchange Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E964. [PMID: 31163576 PMCID: PMC6631686 DOI: 10.3390/polym11060964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of crosslinking degree on the water uptake, swelling ratio, and methanol permeability of sulfonated poly(aryl ether nitrile)s (SPENs), the molar content of sulfonated group in bisphenol monomer is fixed at 60% in this work. The properties of sulfonated poly (aryl ether nitrile) with different crosslinking degrees are studied by changing the content of propenyl group in sulfonated poly (aryl ether nitrile)s. The cross-linking reaction of the propenyl groups in the SPENs is cured at 230 °C. All the results show that this method is an effective way to improve the water uptake, swelling ratio, and methanol permeability to meet the application requirements of the SPENs membranes as proton exchange membranes in fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penglun Zheng
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China.
| | - Quanyi Liu
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China.
| | - Zekun Li
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China.
| | - Donghui Wang
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China.
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Research Branch of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
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17
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Han J, Kim K, Kim J, Kim S, Choi SW, Lee H, Kim JJ, Kim TH, Sung YE, Lee JC. Cross-linked highly sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) membranes prepared by in-situ casting and thiol-ene click reaction for fuel cell application. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Das G, Kim CY, Kang DH, Kim BH, Yoon HH. Quaternized Polysulfone Cross-Linked N, N-Dimethyl Chitosan-Based Anion-Conducting Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E512. [PMID: 30960496 PMCID: PMC6473834 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anion-conducting membranes were obtained following the cross-linking of 1,4-diazoniabicycle[2.2.2]octane functionalized-polysulfone with N,N-dimethyl chitosan (DMC). The ionic conductivity of the composite membranes was controlled by the amount of DMC. The influence of the amount of DMC on water uptake, swelling ratio, and ionic conductivity of the obtained membrane was studied. The membrane with 2 wt% DMC exhibited an ionic conductivity of 54 mS/cm and 94 mS/cm at 25 °C and 70 °C, respectively. The membrane showed good dimensional stability under hydrated conditions. A urea/O₂ fuel cell, built using the composite membrane, exhibited a peak power density of 4.4 mW/cm² with a current density of 16.22 mA/cm² at 70 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Das
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do 461-701, Korea.
| | - Chae Yeon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do 461-701, Korea.
| | - Dong Ho Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do 461-701, Korea.
| | - Bo Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do 461-701, Korea.
| | - Hyon Hee Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do 461-701, Korea.
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19
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Giussi JM, Cortez ML, Marmisollé WA, Azzaroni O. Practical use of polymer brushes in sustainable energy applications: interfacial nanoarchitectonics for high-efficiency devices. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:814-849. [PMID: 30543263 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00705e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and development of novel approaches, materials and manufacturing processes in the field of energy are compelling increasing recognition as a major challenge for contemporary societies. The performance and lifetime of energy devices are critically dependent on nanoscale interfacial phenomena. From the viewpoint of materials design, the improvement of current technologies inevitably relies on gaining control over the complex interface between dissimilar materials. In this sense, interfacial nanoarchitectonics with polymer brushes has seen growing interest due to its potential to overcome many of the limitations of energy storage and conversion devices. Polymer brushes offer a broad variety of resources to manipulate interfacial properties and gain molecular control over the synergistic combination of materials. Many recent examples show that the rational integration of polymer brushes in hybrid nanoarchitectures greatly improves the performance of energy devices in terms of power density, lifetime and stability. Seen in this light, polymer brushes provide a new perspective from which to consider the development of hybrid materials and devices with improved functionalities. The aim of this review is therefore to focus on what polymer brush-based solutions can offer and to show how the practical use of surface-grafted polymer layers can improve the performance and efficiency of fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, organic radical batteries, supercapacitors, photoelectrochemical cells and photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Giussi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Diagonal 113 y 64 (1900), La Plata, Argentina.
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