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Wang Q, Fu L, Zhong Y, Xu L, Yi L, He C, Kuang Y, Huang Q, Yang M. Research progress of organic fluorescent probes for lung cancer related biomarker detection and bioimaging application. Talanta 2024; 272:125766. [PMID: 38340392 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
As one of the major public health problems, cancers seriously threaten the human health. Among them, lung cancer is considered to be one of the most life-threatening malignancies. Therefore, developing early diagnosis technology and timely treatment for lung cancer is urgent. Recent research has witnessed that measuring changes of biomarkers expressed in lung cancer has practical significance. Meanwhile, we note that bioimaging with organic fluorescent probes plays an important role for its high sensitivity, real-time analysis and simplicity of operation. In the past years, kinds of organic fluorescent probes targeting lung cancer related biomarker have been developed. Herein, we summarize the research progress of organic fluorescent probes for the detection of lung cancer related biomarkers in this review, along with their design principle, luminescence mechanism and bioimaging application. Additionally, we put forward some challenges and future prospects from our perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Li Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yingfang Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Lijing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Lin Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Chen He
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Ying Kuang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Qitong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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2
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Cao J, Wu Q, Chang X, Chu H, Zhang H, Fang X, Chen F. Ratiometric detection and imaging of endogenous alkaline phosphatase activity by fluorescein-coumarin-based fluorescence probe. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 281:121615. [PMID: 35841857 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a type of enzyme that widely exists in various tissues of the human body; it plays an important role in regulating many cell functions. The development of a sensitive and accurate tool to detect the changes of ALP activity in organisms can contribute to research in the fields of biochemistry, cytology, clinical medicine, etc. In this paper, a small organic molecule-based ratiometric fluorescent probe (FCP) was designed based on the hydroxyl electron-donating group in fluorescein-coumarin protected by the phosphate group. ALP can trigger the fluorescence change through the enzyme-catalyzed cleavage of phosphoryl ester groups, and the ratio of ALP can be measured at wavelengths of 465 nm and 530 nm. The probe had high selectivity and sensitivity to ALP, and the detection limit measured under the optimal conditions in an aqueous medium reached 0.006 mU/mL. The ALP activity of human serum samples was determined using the probe and found to be in good agreement with that measured using commercial ALP kits. Finally, the probe was also successfully applied to image ALP in living hepatocytes with good selectivity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrui Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Sendai Street 126, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Sendai Street 126, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Chang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Sendai Street 126, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Hongyu Chu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Sendai Street 126, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Xuedong Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Sendai Street 126, Changchun 130033, China.
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Sendai Street 126, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
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3
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Shaban SM, Byeok Jo S, Hafez E, Ho Cho J, Kim DH. A comprehensive overview on alkaline phosphatase targeting and reporting assays. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Zhang L, Li Y, Mu G, Yang L, Ren C, Wang Z, Guo Q, Liu J, Yang C. Structure of Self-assembled Peptide Determines the Activity of Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogen-Peptide Conjugate for Detecting Alkaline Phosphatase. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2236-2243. [PMID: 35042329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The unique property of turning on their fluorescence after aggregation or assembly makes aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) ideal luminescent molecules for the construction of self-assembled peptide-based nanoprobes. However, the characteristic highly twisted or propeller-shaped molecular conformation of AIEgens tends to prevent the assembly of AIEgen-peptides. Here, we show that (i) the distance between tetraphenylethene (TPE) and assembled peptides should not be too far (less than five glycines), otherwise the self-assembly of peptides cannot limit the intramolecular rotation of conjugated TPE and the luminous efficiency of TPE-peptide to alkaline phosphatase (ALP) will decrease; (ii) properly increasing the number of amino acids with self-assembly ability (three phenylalanines) can improve their ALP-responsive self-assembly and luminescence ability; (iii) the strategy of co-assembly with a non-AIEgen-capped self-assembled peptide is a simple and effective way to realize the efficient assembly and luminescence of AIEgen-peptides; and (iv) the hydrophilic and hydrophobic balance of the probe should always be considered in the construction of an efficient AIEgen-peptide probe. In addition, AIEgen-peptide probes show good selectivity and sensitivity for ALP detection both in vitro and in live bacteria. These insights illustrated here are crucial for guiding the design of AIEgen-conjugated supramolecular materials, especially for the construction of AIEgen-peptides, for enzymes detection, biomarker imaging, diseases therapy, and other biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Ganen Mu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Chunhua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Zhongyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Qingxiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Cuihong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmacokinetics for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
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5
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Le‐Vinh B, Akkuş‐Dağdeviren ZB, Le NN, Nazir I, Bernkop‐Schnürch A. Alkaline Phosphatase: A Reliable Endogenous Partner for Drug Delivery and Diagnostics. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao Le‐Vinh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Institute of Pharmacy University of Innsbruck Innrain 80/82 Innsbruck 6020 Austria
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Viet Nam
| | - Zeynep Burcu Akkuş‐Dağdeviren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Institute of Pharmacy University of Innsbruck Innrain 80/82 Innsbruck 6020 Austria
| | - Nguyet‐Minh Nguyen Le
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Institute of Pharmacy University of Innsbruck Innrain 80/82 Innsbruck 6020 Austria
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Viet Nam
| | - Imran Nazir
- Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
| | - Andreas Bernkop‐Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Institute of Pharmacy University of Innsbruck Innrain 80/82 Innsbruck 6020 Austria
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6
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Li K, Ren TB, Huan S, Yuan L, Zhang XB. Progress and Perspective of Solid-State Organic Fluorophores for Biomedical Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21143-21160. [PMID: 34878771 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent organic dyes have been extensively used as raw materials for the development of versatile imaging tools in the field of biomedicine. Particularly, the development of solid-state organic fluorophores (SSOFs) in the past 20 years has exhibited an upward trend. In recent years, studies on SSOFs have focused on the development of advanced tools, such as optical contrast agents and phototherapy agents, for biomedical applications. However, the practical application of these tools has been hindered owing to several limitations. Thus, in this Perspective, we have provided insights that could aid researchers to further develop these tools and overcome the limitations such as limited aqueous dispersibility, low biocompatibility, and uncontrolled emission. First, we described the inherent photophysical properties and fluorescence mechanisms of conventional, aggregation-induced emissive, and precipitating SSOFs with respect to their biomedical applications. Subsequently, we highlighted the recent development of functionalized SSOFs for bioimaging, biosensing, and theranostics. Finally, we elucidated the potential prospects and limitations of current SSOF-based tools associated with biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Bing Ren
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuangyan Huan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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7
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Huang X, Chen X, Chen S, Zhang X, Wang L, Hou S, Ma X. Novel ratiometric fluorescent probe for real-time detection of alkaline phosphatase and its application in living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 260:119953. [PMID: 34030036 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel ratiometric fluorescent probe has been developed through a simple synthetic route for the detection of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) in aqueous media and for fluorescence imaging in living cells. The introduction of a spontaneous-degradation spacer in the design of the fluorescent probe is beneficial for the ratio detection method and allows the selection of a fluorophore with an amino group. Under catalysis by ALP, the phosphate monoester bond breaks; this is followed by 1,4-elimination, decomposition of the carbamate moiety, and subsequent formation of the 4-amine-1,8-naphthalimide fluorophore. The probe APN shows a significant fluorescence colour change from blue to green in response to ALP, and the fluorescence intensity ratio of the probe solution (F550/F480) has a good linear relationship with the ALP concentration in the range of 0 to 100 U L-1. Our studies have demonstrated that APN exhibits high accuracy in recognising ALP, with a detection limit as low as 0.16 U L-1. Furthermore, the probe shows very good biocompatibility, which is beneficial for its application in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Huang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiangzhu Chen
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Shijun Chen
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Shicong Hou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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8
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Wang K, Wang W, Zhang XY, Jiang AQ, Yang YS, Zhu HL. Fluorescent probes for the detection of alkaline phosphatase in biological systems: Recent advances and future prospects. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Xu C, Zou H, Zhao Z, Zheng Z, Kwok RTK, Lam JWY, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Chen S, Zheng L, Tang BZ. Turning on Light Emission of a Dark Pro‐Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogen in Aqueous Media Through Reductase‐Modulated Derotation. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Changhuo Xu
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Hang Zou
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Ryan T. K. Kwok
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Herman H. Y. Sung
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Ian D Williams
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Sijie Chen
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine Karolinska Institutet Sha Tin Hong Kong China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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10
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Khatun S, Biswas S, Mahanta AK, Joseph MM, Vidyalekshmi MS, Podder A, Maiti P, Maiti KK, Bhuniya S. Biocompatible fluorescent probe for detecting mitochondrial alkaline phosphatase activity in live cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 212:112043. [PMID: 33022468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme that actively plays a significant role in the various metabolic processes by transferring a phosphate group to the protein, nucleic acid, etc. The elevated level of ALP in blood plasma is the hallmark of inflammation/cancer. The hyperactive mitochondria in cancer cells produce an excess of ATP to fulfill the high energy demand. Thus, we have developed a fluorescent probe Mito-Phos for ALP, which can detect phosphatase expression in mitochondria in live cells. The probe Mito-Phos has shown ~15-fold fluorescence intensity increments at 450 nm in the presence of 500 ng/mL of ALP. It takes about 60 min to consume the whole amount of ALP (500 ng/mL) in physiological buffer saline. It can selectively react with ALP even in the presence of other probable cellular reactive components. It is highly biocompatible and nontoxic to the live cells. It has shown ALP expression in a dose-dependent manner by providing concomitant fluorescence images in the blue-channel region. It has localized exclusively in the mitochondria in live cells. The probe Mito-Phos is highly biocompatible with the ability to assess ALP expression in mitochondria in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Khatun
- Amrita Centre for Industrial Research & Innovation, Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore 64112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
| | - Shayeri Biswas
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Arun Kumar Mahanta
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221-005, India
| | - Manu M Joseph
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India; Academic of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Murukan S Vidyalekshmi
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India; Academic of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Arup Podder
- Amrita Centre for Industrial Research & Innovation, Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore 64112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
| | - Pralay Maiti
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221-005, India
| | - Kaustabh Kumar Maiti
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India; Academic of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sankarprasad Bhuniya
- Amrita Centre for Industrial Research & Innovation, Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore 64112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India; Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Kolkata 700091, India.
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Guo J, Yu H, Cui T. Applications of fluorescent materials in the detection of alkaline phosphatase activity. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:214-226. [PMID: 32790135 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is important in the diagnosis of many diseases. Because ALP is used to detect biomarkers for many diseases, many researchers conduct investigations to develop ALP detection strategies. The use of fluorescent material has attracted attention because of the technique's high sensitivity and the low sample volume required. Herein, we review and discuss the working mechanisms and advantages of four main categories:DNA fluorescent probes, molecular fluorescent probes, chemical coordination-based probes, and nanoparticle probes. Development prospects and trends are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tingting Cui
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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12
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Vitamin B6 cofactors conjugated ovalbumin-stabilized gold nanoclusters: Application in alkaline phosphatase activity detection and generating white-light emission. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Huangfu X, Shen Y, Yang A, Liu L, Luo W, Zhao W. Synthesis of water soluble CuGaS 2/ZnS quantum dots for ultrasensitive fluorescent detection of alkaline phosphatase based on inner filter effect. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 191:110984. [PMID: 32278281 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Developing monitoring technique for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is crucial due to the important role it plays in living cells. Here, a kind of biocompatible glutathione-modified CuGaS2/ZnS quantum dots (GSH-CGS/ZnS QDs) was used as a fluorescent substance and then fabricated "turn-off" fluorescent biosensor for detection of ALP by help of inner filter effect (IFE). Firstly, we prepared CuGaS2/ZnS (CGS/ZnS) QDs using solvothermal method and explored the efficient ligand (GSH) exchanges strategy for transferring oil-soluble CGS/ZnS QDs to aqueous phase. More importantly, we also explored the potential biological applications of the nanohybrid QDs. The obtained GSH-CGS/ZnS QDs emitted strong yellow fluorescence with the maximum excitation (400 nm) and emission (601 nm). Then, GSH-CGS/ZnS QDs were mixed with p-nitrophenylphosphate (PNPP) and ALP. PNPP could be hydrolyzed to p-nitrophenol (PNP) by help of catalysis of ALP, and the excitation spectrum of the GSH-CGS/ZnS QDs overlapped well with the absorption spectrum of PNP, so the fluorescence of GSH-CGS/ZnS QDs was initially quenched via the so-called "IFE". Finally, a novel "turn-off" biosensor for sensitive detection of ALP in the range of 0.05-10 U L -1(R2 = 0.98) with a detection limit of 0.01 U L-1 was successfully obtained. Results indicated that I-III-VI2 nanocrystals have great potential for their promising biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Huangfu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yang Shen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Anzi Yang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lixiao Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen Luo
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Han Y, Chen J, Li Z, Chen H, Qiu H. Recent progress and prospects of alkaline phosphatase biosensor based on fluorescence strategy. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 148:111811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Yangyang Y, Chen Z, Rizhao P, Shiwei Z, Shengtao Y, Yao T, Weilong Z, Liyue W, Weiping Z, Yufang X, Xuhong Q. A ratiometric fluorescent probe for alkaline phosphatase with high sensitivity. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Lee J, Kim S, Kim TH, Lee SH. A ratiometric fluorescence sensor based on enzymatically activatable micellization of TPE derivatives for quantitative detection of alkaline phosphatase activity in serum. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26888-26894. [PMID: 35515761 PMCID: PMC9055494 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03584j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel ratiometric fluorescence assay via enzymatically activatable micellization in aqueous solution was devised for quantitative detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. We demonstrated that the dephosphorylation of the water-soluble, phosphate-functionalized, fluorophore monomer P-TPE-TG, induced by an enzymatic reaction of ALP, leads to micelle formation in aqueous solution because its water-soluble functionality is reduced. The dephosphorylation-induced micellization of P-TPE-TG exhibited a ratiometric sensing response for various ALP concentrations (10–200 mU mL−1) and provided a suitable sensing platform for naked eye detection with increased fluorescence quantum yield (Φ = 3.2%), even compared to a typical TPE-based sensor (Φ = 1.0%), where ALP can be sensed with a detection limit of 0.034 mU mL−1. In addition, P-TPE-TG displayed excellent sensing performance at concentrations from 0 to 50 mU mL−1 in diluted human serum (10%), which offers the capability to exploit ratiometric responses for bioactive substances under practical conditions. A novel ratiometric fluorescence assay via enzymatically activatable micellization in aqueous solution was devised for quantitative detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Daegu University
- Gyeongsan 38453
- Republic of Korea
- Institute of Natural Sciences
| | - Seoyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Daegu University
- Gyeongsan 38453
- Republic of Korea
- Institute of Natural Sciences
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology
- Daegu University
- Gyeongsan 38453
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seoung Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Daegu University
- Gyeongsan 38453
- Republic of Korea
- Institute of Natural Sciences
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17
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Upadhyay Y, Bothra S, Kumar R, Kumar Sk A, Sahoo SK. Mimicking biological process to detect alkaline phosphatase activity using the vitamin B 6 cofactor conjugated bovine serum albumin capped CdS quantum dots. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 185:110624. [PMID: 31711735 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript presents a novel bioanalytical approach for the selective ratiometric fluorescent sensing of enzymatic activity of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the biological samples. The probe was designed by conjugating the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) over the surface of bovine serum albumin (BSA) stabilized CdS quantum dots (QDs) through the interaction of free amine present in BSA with the aldehyde group of PLP. The conjugation of PLP quenched the emission of QDs. Upon addition of the ALP, the emission of QDs was restored due to the dephosphorylation and the conversion of the functionalized PLP in to pyridoxal. With this probe, the ALP activity can be detected down to 0.05 U/L and also successfully applied for the detection of ALP activity in biological samples such as human serum and plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachana Upadhyay
- Department of Applied Chemistry, SV National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Surat, 395007, India
| | - Shilpa Bothra
- Department of Applied Chemistry, SV National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Surat, 395007, India
| | - Rajender Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, SV National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Surat, 395007, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Sk
- Materials Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Suban K Sahoo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, SV National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Surat, 395007, India.
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18
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Qu F, Meng L, Zi Y, You J. Ratiometric detection of alkaline phosphatase based on aggregation-induced emission enhancement. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:7431-7440. [PMID: 31655858 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an important enzyme that is associated with many human diseases, so the quantitative detection of ALP is vital from a clinical perspective. Nevertheless, most fluorescent assays for monitoring ALP depend on aggregation-induced quenching (ACQ), single-signal modulation, or a "signal off" mode, which suffer from poor sensitivity, a "false positive" problem, and low signal output. In this work, we utilized the electrostatically driven self-assembly of glutathione-capped gold nanoclusters (GSH-AuNCs, which show aggregation-induced emission, AIE) and amino-modified silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) to create a hybrid probe (SiNPs@GSH-AuNCs). This nanohybrid probe showed emission from the SiNPs at around 470 nm as well as aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) of the GSH-AuNCs at 580 nm. The AIEE of the GSH-AuNCs was quenched in the presence of KMnO4, but the AIEE was recovered by adding ascorbic acid as an oxidation-reduction reaction occurred between KMnO4 and the ascorbic acid. The fluorescence of the SiNPs remained constant whether the AIEE was quenched or not, meaning that the fluorescence of the SiNPs could be used as an internal reference. In a typical enzymatic reaction, ascorbic acid 2-phosphate is hydrolyzed by ALP to produce ascorbic acid. Therefore, the hybrid probe was shown to allow the ratiometric detection of ALP, with a linear range of 0.5-10 U L-1 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.23 U L-1. Finally, the proposed analytical strategy was successfully applied to detect ALP in human serum samples and to determine the concentration of an ALP inhibitor. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qu
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Lingxin Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China.,The Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqiu Zi
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China.,The Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Jinmao You
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China.,The Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research & Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China
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19
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Zhao M, Gao Y, Ye S, Ding J, Wang A, Li P, Shi H. A light-up near-infrared probe with aggregation-induced emission characteristics for highly sensitive detection of alkaline phosphatase. Analyst 2019; 144:6262-6269. [PMID: 31566642 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01505a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Developing activatable near-infrared (NIR) probes to specifically monitor and visualize the activities of cancer-related enzymes is highly significant yet challenging in early cancer diagnosis. Taking advantage of the unique photophysical characteristics of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorophores, here we design and synthesize a novel activatable probe QMTP by conjugating an AIE fluorophore quinolone-malononitrile to a hydrophilic phosphate-modified phenol group. The probe was initially non-fluorescent in aqueous solution due to its good water solubility, but was readily activated to generate a strong NIR fluorescence upon treatment with alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which enables specific detection of ALP activity. Furthermore, we have employed QMTP to monitor and spatially map the activity of endogenous ALP both in cancer cells and in drug-treated zebrafish larvae. The experimental results reveal that the QMTP probe has great specificity and sensitivity for ALP detection. We thus believe that our work offers a promising tool for accurate detection of ALP-associated diseases in preclinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
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20
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Abstract
Fluorescent sensing has emerged as a powerful tool for detecting various analytes and visualizing numerous biological processes by virtue of its superb sensitivity, rapidness, excellent temporal resolution, easy operation, and low cost. Of particular interest is activity-based sensing (ABS), a burgeoning sensing approach that is actualized on the basis of dynamic molecular reactivity rather than conventional lock-and-key molecular recognition. ABS has been recognized to possess some distinct advantages, such as high specificity, extraordinary sensitivity, and accurate signal outputs. A majority of ABS sensors are constructed by modifying conventional fluorogens, which are strongly emissive when molecularly dissolved in solvents but experience emission quenching upon aggregate formation or concentration increase. The aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) phenomenon leads to a limited amount of labeling of the analyte with the sensor and low photobleaching resistance, which could impede practical applications of the ABS protocol. As an anti-ACQ phenomenon, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) provides a straightforward solution to the ACQ problem. Thanks to their intrinsic advantages, including high photobleaching threshold, high signal-to-noise ratio, fluorescence turn-on nature, and large Stokes shift, AIE-active luminogens (AIEgens) represent a class of extraordinary fluorogen alternatives for the ABS protocol. The use of AIEgen-involved ABS can integrate the advantages of AIEgens and ABS, and additionally, the AIE process offers some unique properties to the ABS approach. For instance, in some cases of water-soluble AIEgen-involved ABS, chemical reaction not only leads to a chang in the emission color of the AIEgens but also causes solubility variations, which could result in specific "light-up" signaling. In this Account, the basic concepts and mechanistic insights of the ABS approach involving the AIE principle are briefly summarized, and then we highlight the new breakthroughs, seminal studies, and trends in the area that have been most recently reported by our group. This emerging sensing protocol has been successfully utilized for detecting an array of targets including ions, small molecules, biomacromolecules, and microenvironments, all of which closely relate to human health, medical, and public concerns. These detections are smoothly achieved on the basis of various reactions (e.g., hydrolysis, boronate cleavage, dephosphorylation, addition, cyclization, and rearrangement reactions) through different sensing principles. In these studies, the AIEgen-involved ABS strategy generally shows good biocompatibility, high selectivity, excellent reliability and high signal contrast, strongly indicating its great potential for high-tech innovations in the sensing field, among which bioprobing is of particular interest. With this Account, we hope to spark new ideas and inspire new endeavors in this emerging research area, further promoting state-of-the-art developments in the field of sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Division of Biomedical Engineering and Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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21
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Mori T, Katayama Y. Signal amplification in flow cytometry for cell surface antigen analysis. J Biochem 2019; 166:205-212. [PMID: 31251348 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal enhancing systems have been introduced to enable detection of cell surface antigens by flow cytometry. Cell surface antigens are important targets that describe the function and lineage of cells. Although flow cytometry is an effective tool for analysing cell surface antigens, this technique has poor sensitivity, which prohibits the detection of many important antigens on cell membranes. Thus, signal amplification is essential for developing practical tools for evaluating cell surface antigens by flow cytometry. Using a bright fluorophore or fluorescent polymer incorporated into antibodies is a straightforward strategy to improve flow cytometry sensitivity but may affect the functional characteristics of the labelled antibody. In contrast, enzymatic signal amplification is a more practical and efficient strategy to improve sensitivity that should not affect antibody activity. Although enzymatic signal amplification still has a number of drawbacks, this approach is a promising strategy to analyse cell surface antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Mori
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Katayama
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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22
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Zhang J, Liu H, Meng L. Research Progress in the Fluorescent Probes for Alkaline Phosphatase. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc201903008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Lin M, Huang J, Zeng F, Wu S. A Fluorescent Probe with Aggregation‐Induced Emission for Detecting Alkaline Phosphatase and Cell Imaging. Chem Asian J 2018; 14:802-808. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials&DevicesCollege of Materials Science&EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials&DevicesCollege of Materials Science&EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Fang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials&DevicesCollege of Materials Science&EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Shuizhu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials&DevicesCollege of Materials Science&EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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24
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Li N, Liu YY, Li Y, Zhuang JB, Cui RR, Gong Q, Zhao N, Tang BZ. Fine Tuning of Emission Behavior, Self-Assembly, Anion Sensing, and Mitochondria Targeting of Pyridinium-Functionalized Tetraphenylethene by Alkyl Chain Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:24249-24257. [PMID: 29939714 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Compared to the many studies that focus on the development of novel molecular frameworks pertaining to functionalized fluorescent materials, there is lesser emphasis on side chains even though they have a significant impact on the properties and applications of fluorescent materials. In this study, a series of pyridinium-functionalized tetraphenylethene salts (TPEPy-1 to TPEPy-4) possessing different alkyl chains are synthesized, and the influence of chain length on their optical performance and applications is thoroughly investigated. By changing the alkyl chain, the fluorogens exhibit opposite emission behavior in aqueous media because of their distinct hydrophobic nature, and their solid-state emission can be fine-tuned from green to red owing to their distinct molecular configuration. In addition, by increasing the chain length, the microstructure of the self-assembled fluorogens converts from microplates to microrods with various emission colors. Moreover, TPEPy-1 exhibits dual-mode fluorescence "turn-on" response toward NO3- and ClO4- in aqueous media because the anions induce the self-assembly of fluorogens. Furthermore, the fluorogens display cellular uptake selectivity while the proper alkyl chain impels the fluorogens to penetrate the cell membrane and accumulate in the mitochondria with high specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , China
| | - Yan Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , China
| | - Jia Bao Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , China
| | - Rong Rong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , China
| | - Qian Gong
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , China
| | - Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077 , China
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