1
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Dhote NS, Patel RD, Kuwar U, Agrawal M, Alexander A, Jain P, Ajazuddin. Application of Thermoresponsive Smart Polymers based in situ Gel as a Novel Carrier for Tumor Targeting. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:375-396. [PMID: 37534485 DOI: 10.2174/1568009623666230803111718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The temperature-triggered in situ gelling system has been revolutionized by introducing an intelligent polymeric system. Temperature-triggered polymer solutions are initially in a sol state and then undergo a phase transition to form a gel at body temperature due to various parameters like pH, temperature, and so on. These smart polymers offer a number of advantages, including ease of administration, long duration of release of the drug, low administration frequency with good patient compliance, and targeted drug delivery with fewer adverse effects. Polymers such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly (N, N'-diethyl acrylamide), and polyoxypropylene (PPO) have been briefly discussed. In addition to various novel Drug Delivery Systems (DDS), the smart temperature-triggered polymeric system has various applications in cancer therapy and many other disease conditions. This review focuses on the principals involved in situ gelling systems using various temperature-triggered polymers for chemotherapeutic purposes, using smart DDS, and their advanced application in cancer therapy, as well as available marketed formulations and recent advances in these thermoresponsive sol-gel transforming systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sudhir Dhote
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Shirpur, 425 405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajat Dineshbhai Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Shirpur, 425 405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Utkarsha Kuwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Shirpur, 425 405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Hyderabad, 509 301, Telangana, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Parag Jain
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India
| | - Ajazuddin
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India
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2
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Preparation and characterization of
pH
and thermally responsive perfluoropolyether acrylate copolymer micelles and investigation its drug‐loading properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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3
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Mahdavinia GR, Hoseinzadeh H, Labib P, Jabbari P, Mohebbi A, Barzeger S, Jafari H. (Magnetic laponite/κ-carrageenan)@chitosan core–shell carrier for pH-sensitive release of doxorubicin. Polym Bull (Berl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-023-04688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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4
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Dutta G, Manickam S, Sugumaran A. Stimuli-Responsive Hybrid Metal Nanocomposite - A Promising Technology for Effective Anticancer Therapy. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:121966. [PMID: 35764265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most challenging, life-threatening illnesses to cure, with over 10 million new cases diagnosed each year globally. Improved diagnostic cum treatment with common side-effects are warranting for successful therapy. Nanomaterials are recognized to improve early diagnosis, imaging, and treatment. Recently, multifunctional nanocomposites attracted considerable interest due to their low-cost production, and ideal thermal and chemical stability, and will be beneficial in future diagnostics and customized treatment capacity. Stimuli-Responsive Hybrid Metal Nanocomposites (SRHMNs) based nanocomposite materials pose the on/off delivery of bioactive compounds such as medications, genes, RNA, and DNA to specific tissue or organs and reduce toxicity. They simultaneously serve as sophisticated imaging and diagnostic tools when certain stimuli (e.g., temperature, pH, redox, ultrasound, or enzymes) activate the nanocomposite, resulting in the imaging-guided transport of the payload at defined sites. This review in detail addresses the recent advancements in the design and mechanism of internal breakdown processes of the functional moiety from stimuli-responsive systems in response to a range of stimuli coupled with metal nanoparticles. Also, it provides a thorough understanding of SRHMNs, enabling non-invasive interventional therapy by resolving several difficulties in cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouranga Dutta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Jalan Tungku Link Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Abimanyu Sugumaran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India.
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5
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Liu H, Prachyathipsakul T, Koyasseril-Yehiya TM, Le SP, Thayumanavan S. Molecular bases for temperature sensitivity in supramolecular assemblies and their applications as thermoresponsive soft materials. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:164-193. [PMID: 34549764 PMCID: PMC8757657 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01091c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive supramolecular assemblies have been extensively explored in diverse formats, from injectable hydrogels to nanoscale carriers, for a variety of applications including drug delivery, tissue engineering and thermo-controlled catalysis. Understanding the molecular bases behind thermal sensitivity of materials is fundamentally important for the rational design of assemblies with optimal combination of properties and predictable tunability for specific applications. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in this area with a specific focus on the parameters and factors that influence thermoresponsive properties of soft materials. We summarize and analyze the effects of structures and architectures of molecules, hydrophilic and lipophilic balance, concentration, components and external additives upon the thermoresponsiveness of the corresponding molecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | | | | | - Stephanie P Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - S Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
- Centre for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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6
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Flemming P, Münch AS, Fery A, Uhlmann P. Constrained thermoresponsive polymers - new insights into fundamentals and applications. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2123-2163. [PMID: 34476018 PMCID: PMC8381851 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, numerous stimuli-responsive polymers have been developed and investigated regarding their switching properties. In particular, thermoresponsive polymers, which form a miscibility gap with the ambient solvent with a lower or upper critical demixing point depending on the temperature, have been intensively studied in solution. For the application of such polymers in novel sensors, drug delivery systems or as multifunctional coatings, they typically have to be transferred into specific arrangements, such as micelles, polymer films or grafted nanoparticles. However, it turns out that the thermodynamic concept for the phase transition of free polymer chains fails, when thermoresponsive polymers are assembled into such sterically confined architectures. Whereas many published studies focus on synthetic aspects as well as individual applications of thermoresponsive polymers, the underlying structure-property relationships governing the thermoresponse of sterically constrained assemblies, are still poorly understood. Furthermore, the clear majority of publications deals with polymers that exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior, with PNIPAAM as their main representative. In contrast, for polymer arrangements with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST), there is only limited knowledge about preparation, application and precise physical understanding of the phase transition. This review article provides an overview about the current knowledge of thermoresponsive polymers with limited mobility focusing on UCST behavior and the possibilities for influencing their thermoresponsive switching characteristics. It comprises star polymers, micelles as well as polymer chains grafted to flat substrates and particulate inorganic surfaces. The elaboration of the physicochemical interplay between the architecture of the polymer assembly and the resulting thermoresponsive switching behavior will be in the foreground of this consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Flemming
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander S Münch
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Petra Uhlmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68588, Lincoln, USA
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7
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Yadav P, Jain J, Sherje AP. Recent advances in nanocarriers-based drug delivery for cancer therapeutics: A review. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Ghaeini-Hesaroeiye S, Razmi Bagtash H, Boddohi S, Vasheghani-Farahani E, Jabbari E. Thermoresponsive Nanogels Based on Different Polymeric Moieties for Biomedical Applications. Gels 2020; 6:E20. [PMID: 32635573 PMCID: PMC7559285 DOI: 10.3390/gels6030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanogels, or nanostructured hydrogels, are one of the most interesting materials in biomedical engineering. Nanogels are widely used in medical applications, such as in cancer therapy, targeted delivery of proteins, genes and DNAs, and scaffolds in tissue regeneration. One salient feature of nanogels is their tunable responsiveness to external stimuli. In this review, thermosensitive nanogels are discussed, with a focus on moieties in their chemical structure which are responsible for thermosensitivity. These thermosensitive moieties can be classified into four groups, namely, polymers bearing amide groups, ether groups, vinyl ether groups and hydrophilic polymers bearing hydrophobic groups. These novel thermoresponsive nanogels provide effective drug delivery systems and tissue regeneration constructs for treating patients in many clinical applications, such as targeted, sustained and controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhan Ghaeini-Hesaroeiye
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115, Iran; (S.G.-H.); (H.R.B.)
| | - Hossein Razmi Bagtash
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115, Iran; (S.G.-H.); (H.R.B.)
| | - Soheil Boddohi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115, Iran; (S.G.-H.); (H.R.B.)
| | - Ebrahim Vasheghani-Farahani
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115, Iran; (S.G.-H.); (H.R.B.)
| | - Esmaiel Jabbari
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
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9
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Liu N, Fu C, Zhang Q, Zhao R, Sun Z, Zhang P, Ding L, Deng K. Multifunctionalized Polyamides Prepared by Facile Ugi Reaction as Thermosensitive, Biocompatible and Antibacterial Biomaterials. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education)Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Congcong Fu
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education)Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education)Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Ronghui Zhao
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education)Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Zhuxing Sun
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education)Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education)Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Lan Ding
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education)Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Kuilin Deng
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education)Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
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10
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Alsehli M. Polymeric nanocarriers as stimuli-responsive systems for targeted tumor (cancer) therapy: Recent advances in drug delivery. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:255-265. [PMID: 32194326 PMCID: PMC7078546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, considerable attention has been devoted to the use of biodegradable polymeric materials as potential drug delivery carriers. However, bioavailability and drug release at the disease site remain uncontrollable even with the use of polymeric nanocarriers. To address this issue, successful methodologies have been developed to synthesize polymeric nanocarriers incorporated with regions exhibiting a response to stimuli such as redox potential, temperature, pH, and light. The resultant stimuli-responsive polymeric nanocarriers have shown tremendous promise in drug delivery applications, owing to their ability to enhance the bioavailability of drugs at the disease site. In such systems, drug release is controlled in response to specific stimuli, either exogenous or endogenous. This review reports recent advances in the design of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug delivery in cancer therapy. In particular, the synthetic methodologies investigated to date to introduce different types of stimuli-responsive elements within the biomaterials are described. The sufficient understanding of these stimuli-responsive nanocarriers will allow the development of a better drug delivery system that will allow us to solve the challenges encountered in targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosa Alsehli
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, Madina, Saudi Arabia
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11
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12
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Khoee S, Sadeghi A. An NIR-triggered drug release and highly efficient photodynamic therapy from PCL/PNIPAm/porphyrin modified graphene oxide nanoparticles with the Janus morphology. RSC Adv 2019; 9:39780-39792. [PMID: 35541408 PMCID: PMC9076064 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06058h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This project aimed to investigate the synthesis and characteristics of stimuli-responsive nanoparticles with different morphologies. In the first step, graphene oxide was synthesized based on the improved Hummers' method. Then, thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide), an amphiphilic copolymer, and poly(caprolactone) (PCL), a hydrophobic polymer, were used to prepare Janus and mixed graphene oxide-based nanoparticles. Fluorescence microscopy was utilized to confirm the Janus structure by labeling the mixed and Janus NPs with fluorescent hydrophobic and hydrophilic dyes via a solvent-evaporation method. Then, terminally modified carboxyl porphyrin (TPPC3-COOH), used as the second generation photosensitizer, was grafted to the copolymer surrounding the mixed and Janus NPs. Next, quercetin, a hydrophobic anti-cancer drug, was loaded onto both NPs to accomplish NIR-triggered photodynamic- and chemo-therapy. Finally, the drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro release of thermo-responsive NPs were investigated at temperatures of 37 °C and 40 °C as well as under laser irradiation (808 nm). This project aimed to investigate the synthesis and characteristics of stimuli-responsive nanoparticles with different morphologies.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Khoee
- Polymer Laboratory
- School of Chemistry
- College of Science
- University of Tehran
- Tehran
| | - Amirhossein Sadeghi
- Polymer Laboratory
- School of Chemistry
- College of Science
- University of Tehran
- Tehran
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13
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Yan X, Li J, Ren T. Synthesis of well-defined star, star-block, and miktoarm star biodegradable polymers based on PLLA and PCL by one-pot azide-alkyne click reaction. RSC Adv 2018; 8:29464-29475. [PMID: 35547998 PMCID: PMC9084564 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06262e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the "arm-first" strategy, ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and one-pot azide-alkyne click reaction, well-defined star-shaped polymers with different architectures have been successfully synthesized, including the star homopolymers four-arm star-shaped polycaprolactone (4sPCL) and four-arm star-shaped poly(l-lactic acid) (4sPLLA), star-block copolymer 4sPCL-b-PLLA and miktoarm star-shaped copolymer PCL2PLLA2. The star homopolymers 4sPCL and 4sPLLA were synthesized by a click reaction of an azide small molecule initiator and HC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-PCL or HC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-PLLA. The star-block copolymer 4sPCL-b-PLLA was synthesized by a click reaction of an azide small molecule initiator and the block copolymer HC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-PCL-b-PLLA. The miktoarm star polymer PCL2PLLA2 was synthesized by a one-pot azide-alkyne click reaction of simultaneous addition of equal proportions of HC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-PCL and HC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-PLLA. The structures of these star-shaped polymers have been confirmed by NMR, FT-IR and GPC. Furthermore, the melting and crystallization behaviors investigated using DSC and WXRD also confirm the formation of star-shaped polymers with different architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Yan
- Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Ministry of Education, Tongji University 4800 Caoan Road Shanghai 201804 China +86-21-33515906 +86-21-33515906
| | - Jianbo Li
- Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Ministry of Education, Tongji University 4800 Caoan Road Shanghai 201804 China +86-21-33515906 +86-21-33515906
| | - Tianbin Ren
- Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials, Ministry of Education, Tongji University 4800 Caoan Road Shanghai 201804 China +86-21-33515906 +86-21-33515906
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14
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Zhong Z, Cheng Z, Su D, Xu T, Li X, Wu F. Synthesis, antitumor activity and molecular mechanism of doxorubicin conjugated trimethyl-chitosan polymeric micelle loading Beclin1 siRNA for drug-resisted bladder cancer therapy. RSC Adv 2018; 8:35395-35402. [PMID: 35547901 PMCID: PMC9087860 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06548a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe a convenient approach for the preparation of a polymeric micelle using doxorubicin (DOX) conjugated trimethyl-chitosan (TMC) with Beclin-1 siRNA (Si-Beclin1/DOX-TMC). This micelle displayed a potent capacity for autophagy inhibition and reversed drug-resistance to DOX in BIU-87/ADR cell lines. The Si-Beclin1/DOX-TMC micelle was highly cytotoxic to both drug-sensitive BIU-87 and drug-resistant BIU-87/ADR cells. Its capacity to reverse drug-resistance was dependent upon upregulation of autophagy levels in BIU-87/ADR cells. DOX was conjugated to TMC via a pH-sensitive Schiff base, which responded to the acidic lysosome microenvironment and resulted in the cytoplasmic release of DOX. The structure of DOX conjugation to the TMC polymeric micelle was characterized by NMR, GPC, TEM and DLS. DOX release profiles in different pH environment were determined by HPLC. Cellular uptake, changes to nuclei morphology and formation of autophagosomes were observed using a fluorescence microscope. Finally, in vivo antitumor activity of systemic Si-Beclin1/DOX-TMC micelle administration was evaluated in BIU-87/ADR xenograft models and Si-Beclin1/DOX-TMC micelles showed significantly suppressed tumor growth. Herein, we describe a convenient approach for the preparation of a polymeric micelle using doxorubicin (DOX) conjugated trimethyl-chitosan (TMC) with Beclin-1 siRNA (Si-Beclin1/DOX-TMC).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhong
- Department of Urology and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Zhong Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Dongyuan Su
- Department of Gastroenterology
- Chongzhou People's Hospital
- Chengdu 611230
- China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Pharmacy
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Urology and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Fengbo Wu
- Department of Urology and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
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