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Hu N, Gao D, Song F, Yang C, Zhang J, Müller-Buschbaum P, Zhong Q. Effect of Embedded g-C 3N 4 Nanosheets on the Hydration and Thermal Response Behavior of Cross-Linked Thermoresponsive Copolymer Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:14663-14673. [PMID: 38953342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The effect of embedded graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets on hydration and thermal response behavior of cross-linked thermoresponsive poly(di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-co-oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate), abbreviated as P(MA-co-MA300), thin films is probed by white light interferometry. Compared with that of the cross-linked pure P(MA-co-MA300) films, the surface roughness of the cross-linked hybrid films is slightly increased, which is caused by the minor aggregation of g-C3N4 nanosheets during the spin-coating process. After exposure to a water vapor atmosphere, both cross-linked pure and hybrid films can absorb water and swell. However, the introduction of g-C3N4 not only induces a larger hydration extent but also triggers a nonlinear transition behavior upon heating. This prominent difference might be related to the residual hydrophilic groups (-NH2 and N-H) on the surface of g-C3N4 nanosheets, which enhance the interaction and absorption capability for water molecules in the hybrid films. Upon further increasing the amount of embedded g-C3N4 nanosheets in films, more hydrogen bonds are formed and a larger hydration extent of films is observed. To break all of the hydrogen bonds in films, a higher transition temperature (TT) is required. The observed hydration and transition behaviors of hybrid films can be used to design hydrogel-based films for hydrogen evolution or wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province & Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Di Gao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province & Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Feihong Song
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province & Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province & Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Qi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Textile and Flexible Interconnection of Zhejiang Province & Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, 310018 Hangzhou, China
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Chen K, Li Y, Li Y, Tan Y, Liu Y, Pan W, Tan G. Stimuli-responsive electrospun nanofibers for drug delivery, cancer therapy, wound dressing, and tissue engineering. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:237. [PMID: 37488582 PMCID: PMC10364421 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The stimuli-responsive nanofibers prepared by electrospinning have become an ideal stimuli-responsive material due to their large specific surface area and porosity, which can respond extremely quickly to external environmental incitement. As an intelligent drug delivery platform, stimuli-responsive nanofibers can efficiently load drugs and then be stimulated by specific conditions (light, temperature, magnetic field, ultrasound, pH or ROS, etc.) to achieve slow, on-demand or targeted release, showing great potential in areas such as drug delivery, tumor therapy, wound dressing, and tissue engineering. Therefore, this paper reviews the recent trends of stimuli-responsive electrospun nanofibers as intelligent drug delivery platforms in the field of biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan provincial key laboratory of R&D on tropical herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yonghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan provincial key laboratory of R&D on tropical herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People's Republic of China
| | - Youbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan provincial key laboratory of R&D on tropical herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinfeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan provincial key laboratory of R&D on tropical herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingshuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan provincial key laboratory of R&D on tropical herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People's Republic of China
| | - Weisan Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxin Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China.
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Yang Y, Guo Z, Liu W. Special Superwetting Materials from Bioinspired to Intelligent Surface for On-Demand Oil/Water Separation: A Comprehensive Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204624. [PMID: 36192169 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Since superwetting surfaces have emerged, on-demand oil/water separation materials serve as a new direction for meeting practical needs. This new separation mode uses a single porous material to allow oil-removing and water-removing to be achieved alternately. In this review, the fundamentals of wettability are systematically summarized in oil/water separation. Most importantly, the two states, bioinspired surface and intelligent surface, are summarized for on-demand oil/water separation. Specifically, bioinspired surfaces include micro/nanostructures, bioinspired chemistry, Janus-featured surfaces, and dual-superlyophobic surfaces that these superwetting materials can possess asymmetric wettability in one structure system or opposite underliquid wettability by prewetting. Furthermore, an intelligent surface can be adopted by various triggers such as pH, thermal and photo stimuli, etc., to control wettability for switchable oil/water separation reversibly, expressing a thought beyond nature to realize innovative oil/water separation by external stimuli. Remarkably, this review also discusses the advantages of all the materials mentioned above, expanding the separation scope from the on-demand oil/water mixtures to the multiphase immiscible liquid-liquid mixtures. Finally, the prospects of on-demand oil/water separation materials are also concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Weimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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Williams L, Hatton FL, Willcock H, Mele E. Electrospinning of Stimuli‐Responsive Polymers for Controlled Drug Delivery: pH‐ and Temperature‐Driven Release. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1177-1188. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.28043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Williams
- Department of Materials Loughborough University Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - F. L. Hatton
- Department of Materials Loughborough University Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - H. Willcock
- Department of Materials Loughborough University Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
| | - E. Mele
- Department of Materials Loughborough University Epinal Way, Loughborough LE11 3TU UK
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Liguori A, Pandini S, Rinoldi C, Zaccheroni N, Pierini F, Focarete ML, Gualandi C. Thermo-active Smart Electrospun Nanofibers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100694. [PMID: 34962002 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The recent burst of research on smart materials is a clear evidence of the growing interest of the scientific community, industry, and society in the field. The exploitation of the great potential of stimuli-responsive materials for sensing, actuation, logic, and control applications is favored and supported by new manufacturing technologies, such as electrospinning, that allows to endow smart materials with micro- and nano-structuration, thus opening up additional and unprecedented prospects. In this wide and lively scenario, this article systematically reviews the current advances in the development of thermo-active electrospun fibers and textiles, sorting them, according to their response to the thermal stimulus. Hence, several platforms including thermo-responsive systems, shape memory polymers, thermo-optically responsive systems, phase change materials, thermoelectric materials, and pyroelectric materials, have been described and critically discussed. The difference in active species and outputs of the aforementioned categories has been highlighted, evidencing the transversal nature of temperature stimulus. Moreover, the potential of novel thermo-active materials has been pointed out, revealing how their development could take to utmost interesting achievements. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Liguori
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Stefano Pandini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Chiara Rinoldi
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Nelsi Zaccheroni
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Filippo Pierini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Focarete
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Chiara Gualandi
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
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Xiao Y, Wang ZY, Luo SH, Lin JY, Cao XY, Fang YG. One-pot preparation of thermosensitive polylactic acid materials by modifying with N-Isopropyl acrylamide. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhong Q, Hu N, Mi L, Wang JP, Metwalli E, Bießmann L, Herold C, Yang J, Wu GP, Xu ZK, Cubitt R, Müller-Buschbaum P. Impact of Thermal History on the Kinetic Response of Thermoresponsive Poly(diethylene glycol monomethyl ether methacrylate)- block-poly(poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate) Thin Films Investigated by In Situ Neutron Reflectivity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:6228-6237. [PMID: 32388986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The impact of thermal history on the kinetic response of thin thermoresponsive diblock copolymer poly(diethylene glycol monomethyl ether methacrylate)-block-poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate), abbreviated as PMEO2MA-b-POEGMA300, films is investigated by in situ neutron reflectivity. The PMEO2MA and POEGMA300 blocks are both thermoresponsive polymers with a lower critical solution temperature. Their transition temperatures (TTs) are around 25 °C (TT1, PMEO2MA) and 60 °C (TT2, POEGMA300). Thus, by applying different temperature protocols (20 to 60 or 20 to 40 to 60 °C), the PMEO2MA-b-POEGMA300 thin films experience different thermal histories: the first protocol directly switches from a swollen to a collapsed state, whereas the second one switches first from a swollen to a semicollapsed and finally to a collapsed state. Although the applied thermal histories differ, the response and final state of the collapsed films are very close to each other. After the thermal stimulus, both films present a complicated response composed of an initial shrinkage, followed by a rearrangement. Interestingly, a subsequent reswelling of the collapsed film is only observed in the case of having applied a thermal stimulus of 20 to 40 °C. The normalized film thickness and the D2O amount of each layer in the PMEO2MA-b-POEGMA300 films are consistent at the end of the two different thermal stimuli. Hence, it can be concluded that the thermal history does not influence the final state of the PMEO2MA-b-POEGMA300 films upon heating. Based on this property, these thin films are especially suitable for the temperature switches on the nanoscale, which may experience different thermal histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Neng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Mi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Ping Wang
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Long Teng Road, 201620 Shanghai, China
| | - Ezzeldin Metwalli
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lorenz Bießmann
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Herold
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jing Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhi-Kang Xu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Robert Cubitt
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Nieuwenhuis S, Zhong Q, Metwalli E, Bießmann L, Philipp M, Miasnikova A, Laschewsky A, Papadakis CM, Cubitt R, Wang J, Müller-Buschbaum P. Hydration and Dehydration Kinetics: Comparison between Poly( N-isopropyl methacrylamide) and Poly(methoxy diethylene glycol acrylate) Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7691-7702. [PMID: 31117727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive films of poly( N-isopropyl methacrylamide) (PNIPMAM) and poly(methoxy diethylene glycol acrylate) (PMDEGA) are compared with respect to their hydration and dehydration kinetics using in situ neutron reflectivity. Both as-prepared films present a homogeneous single-layer structure and have similar transition temperatures of the lower critical solution temperature type (TT, PNIPMAM 38 °C and PMDEGA 41 °C). After hydration in unsaturated D2O vapor at 23 °C, a D2O enrichment layer is observed in PNIPMAM films adjacent to the Si substrate. In contrast, two enrichment layers are present in PMDEGA films (close to the vapor interface and the Si substrate). PNIPMAM films exhibit a higher hydration capability, ascribed to having both donor (N-H) and acceptor (C═O) units for hydrogen bonds. While the swelling of the PMDEGA films is mainly caused by the increase of the enrichment layers, the thickness of the entire PNIPMAM films increases with time. The observed longer relaxation time for swelling of PNIPMAM films is attributed to the much higher glass transition temperature of PNIPMAM. When dehydrating both films by increasing the temperature above the TT, they react with a complex response consisting of three stages (shrinkage, rearrangement, and reswelling). PNIPMAM films respond faster than PMDEGA films. After dehydration, both films still contain a large amount of D2O, and no completely dry film state is reached for a temperature above their TTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Nieuwenhuis
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , 310018 Hangzhou , China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , 310018 Hangzhou , China
- Technische Universität München, Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien/Fachgebiet Physik Weicher Materie , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Ezzeldin Metwalli
- Technische Universität München, Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien/Fachgebiet Physik Weicher Materie , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Lorenz Bießmann
- Technische Universität München, Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien/Fachgebiet Physik Weicher Materie , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Martine Philipp
- Technische Universität München, Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien/Fachgebiet Physik Weicher Materie , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Anna Miasnikova
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie , Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 , 14476 Potsdam-Golm , Germany
| | - André Laschewsky
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie , Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 , 14476 Potsdam-Golm , Germany
- Fraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung , Geiselbergstr. 69 , 14476 Potsdam-Golm , Germany
| | - Christine M Papadakis
- Technische Universität München, Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien/Fachgebiet Physik Weicher Materie , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Robert Cubitt
- Institut Laue-Langevin , 6 rue Jules Horowitz , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Jiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , 310018 Hangzhou , China
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Technische Universität München, Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien/Fachgebiet Physik Weicher Materie , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstr. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
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Chen L, Wang S, Yu Q, Topham PD, Chen C, Wang L. A comprehensive review of electrospinning block copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:2490-2510. [PMID: 30860535 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02484g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning provides a versatile and cost-effective route for the generation of continuous nanofibres with high surface area-to-volume ratio from various polymers. In parallel, block copolymers (BCPs) are promising candidates for many diverse applications, where nanoscale operation is exploited, owing to their intrinsic self-assembling behaviour at these length scales. Judicious combination of BCPs (with their ability to make nanosized domains at equilibrium) and electrospinning (with its ability to create nano- and microsized fibres and particles) allows one to create BCPs with high surface area-to-volume ratio to deliver higher efficiency or efficacy in their given application. Here, we give a comprehensive overview of the wide range of reports on BCP electrospinning with focus placed on the use of molecular design alongside control over specific electrospinning type and post-treatment methodologies to control the properties of the resultant fibrous materials. Particular attention is paid to the applications of these materials, most notably, their use as biomaterials, separation membranes, sensors, and electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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