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Banoo S, Yadav Y, Tyagi R, Manna A, Sagar R. Recent efforts in the development of glycoconjugate vaccine and available treatment for tuberculosis. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107610. [PMID: 38991488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a grave threat to global health, despite relentless eradication efforts. In 1882, Robert Koch discovered that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the bacterium responsible for causing tuberculosis. It is a fact that tuberculosis has claimed the lives of more than one billion people in the last few decades. It is imperative that we must take immediate and effective action to increase resources for TB research and treatment. Effective TB treatments demand an extensive investment of both time and finances, often requiring 6-9 months of rigorous antibiotic therapy. The most efficient way to control tuberculosis is by receiving a childhood Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination. Despite years of research on vaccine development, we still do not have any new approved vaccine for tuberculosis, except BCG, which is partially effective in young children. This review discusses briefly the available treatment for tuberculosis and remarkable advancements in glycoconjugate-based TB vaccine developments in recent years (2013-2024) and offers valuable direction for future research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajida Banoo
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Yogesh Yadav
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rajdeep Tyagi
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Arunava Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
| | - Ram Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India; Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Bernardini R, Tengattini S, Li Z, Piubelli L, Bavaro T, Modolea AB, Mattei M, Conti P, Marini S, Zhang Y, Pollegioni L, Temporini C, Terreni M. Effect of glycosylation on the affinity of the MTB protein Ag85B for specific antibodies: towards the design of a dual-acting vaccine against tuberculosis. Biol Direct 2024; 19:11. [PMID: 38268026 PMCID: PMC10809592 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-024-00454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To create a dual-acting vaccine that can fight against tuberculosis, we combined antigenic arabino-mannan analogues with the Ag85B protein. To start the process, we studied the impact of modifying different parts of the Ag85B protein on its ability to be recognized by antibodies. RESULTS Through our research, we discovered that three modified versions of the protein, rAg85B-K30R, rAg85B-K282R, and rAg85B-K30R/K282R, retained their antibody reactivity in healthy individuals and those with tuberculosis. To further test the specificity of the sugar AraMan for AraMan antibodies, we used Human Serum Albumin glycosylated with AraMan-IME and Ara3Man-IME. Our findings showed that this specific sugar was fully and specifically modified. Bio-panning experiments revealed that patients with active tuberculosis exhibited a higher antibody response to Ara3Man, a sugar found in lipoarabinomannan (LAM), which is a major component of the mycobacterial cell wall. Bio-panning with anti-LAM plates could eliminate this increased response, suggesting that the enhanced Ara3Man response was primarily driven by antibodies targeting LAM. These findings highlight the importance of Ara3Man as an immunodominant epitope in LAM and support its role in eliciting protective immunity against tuberculosis. Further studies evaluated the effects of glycosylation on the antibody affinity of recombinant Ag85B and its variants. The results indicated that rAg85B-K30R/K282R, when conjugated with Ara3Man-IME, demonstrated enhanced antibody recognition compared to unconjugated or non-glycosylated versions. CONCLUSIONS Coupling Ara3Man to rAg85B-K30R/K282R could lead to the development of effective dual-acting vaccines against tuberculosis, stimulating protective antibodies against both AraMan and Ag85B, two key tuberculosis antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bernardini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Center for Comparative Medicine, Alternative Techniques and Aquaculture (CIMETA), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy.
| | - Sara Tengattini
- Drug Sciences Department, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Zhihao Li
- Parisian Institute of Molecular Chemistry, Sorbonne University, UMR CNRS 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Luciano Piubelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant, 3, Insubria, Varese, 21100, Italy
| | - Teodora Bavaro
- Drug Sciences Department, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Anamaria Bianca Modolea
- Interdepartmental Center for Comparative Medicine, Alternative Techniques and Aquaculture (CIMETA), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mattei
- Interdepartmental Center for Comparative Medicine, Alternative Techniques and Aquaculture (CIMETA), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Conti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Stefano Marini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Parisian Institute of Molecular Chemistry, Sorbonne University, UMR CNRS 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant, 3, Insubria, Varese, 21100, Italy
| | - Caterina Temporini
- Drug Sciences Department, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Marco Terreni
- Drug Sciences Department, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy
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Tengattini S, Rubes D, Serra M, Piubelli L, Pollegioni L, Calleri E, Bavaro T, Massolini G, Terreni M, Temporini C. Glycovaccine Design: Optimization of Model and Antitubercular Carrier Glycosylation via Disuccinimidyl Homobifunctional Linker. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051321. [PMID: 37242563 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugation via disuccinimidyl homobifunctional linkers is reported in the literature as a convenient approach for the synthesis of glycoconjugate vaccines. However, the high tendency for hydrolysis of disuccinimidyl linkers hampers their extensive purification, which unavoidably results in side-reactions and non-pure glycoconjugates. In this paper, conjugation of 3-aminopropyl saccharides via disuccinimidyl glutarate (DSG) was exploited for the synthesis of glycoconjugates. A model protein, ribonuclease A (RNase A), was first considered to set up the conjugation strategy with mono- to tri- mannose saccharides. Through a detailed characterization of synthetized glycoconjugates, purification protocols and conjugation conditions have been revised and optimized with a dual aim: ensure high sugar-loading and avoid the presence of side reaction products. An alternative purification approach based on hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) allowed the formation of glutaric acid conjugates to be avoided, and a design of experiment (DoE) approach led to optimal glycan loading. Once its suitability was proven, the developed conjugation strategy was applied to the chemical glycosylation of two recombinant antigens, native Ag85B and its variant Ag85B-dm, that are candidate carriers for the development of a novel antitubercular vaccine. Pure glycoconjugates (≥99.5%) were obtained. Altogether, the results suggest that, with an adequate protocol, conjugation via disuccinimidyl linkers can be a valuable approach to produce high sugar-loaded and well-defined glycovaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tengattini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Rubes
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Serra
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luciano Piubelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Enrica Calleri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Teodora Bavaro
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriella Massolini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Terreni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Caterina Temporini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Bavaro T, Tengattini S, Rezwan R, Chiesa E, Temporini C, Dorati R, Massolini G, Conti B, Ubiali D, Terreni M. Design of epidermal growth factor immobilization on 3D biocompatible scaffolds to promote tissue repair and regeneration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2629. [PMID: 33514813 PMCID: PMC7846569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous application of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) stimulates epidermal wound healing. The aim of this study was to develop bioconjugates based on hEGF mimicking the protein in its native state and thus suitable for tissue engineering applications, in particular for treating skin-related disorders as burns. Ribonuclease A (RNase A) was used to investigate a number of different activated-agarose carriers: cyanogen bromide (CNBr)-activated-agarose and glyoxyl-agarose showed to preserve the appropriate orientation of the protein for receptor binding. EGF was immobilized on these carriers and immobilization yield was evaluated (100% and 12%, respectively). A peptide mapping of unbound protein regions was carried out by LC-MS to take evidence of the residues involved in the immobilization and, consequently, the flexibility and surface accessibility of immobilized EGF. To assess cell proliferative activities, 10, 25, 50, and 100 ng/mL of each immobilized EGF sample were seeded on fibroblast cells and incubated for 24, 48 and 72 h. The immobilized growth factor showed significantly high cell proliferative activity at 50 and 100 ng/mL compared to control and soluble EGF. Although both of the immobilized samples show dose-dependency when seeded with high number of fibroblast cells, CNBr-agarose-EGF showed a significantly high activity at 100 ng/mL and 72 h incubation, compared to glyoxyl-agarose-EGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Bavaro
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Sara Tengattini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Refaya Rezwan
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, ASA University Bangladesh, 23/3 Bir Uttam A.N.M Nuruzzaman Sarak, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Enrica Chiesa
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Caterina Temporini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rossella Dorati
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriella Massolini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Bice Conti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Ubiali
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Terreni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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Li Z, Zheng C, Terreni M, Tanzi L, Sollogoub M, Zhang Y. Novel Vaccine Candidates against Tuberculosis. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5095-5118. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666181126112124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ranking above AIDS, Tuberculosis (TB) is the ninth leading cause of death affecting and
killing many individuals every year. Drugs’ efficacy is limited by a series of problems such as Multi-
Drug Resistance (MDR) and Extensively-Drug Resistance (XDR). Meanwhile, the only licensed vaccine
BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) existing for over 90 years is not effective enough. Consequently,
it is essential to develop novel vaccines for TB prevention and immunotherapy. This paper
provides an overall review of the TB prevalence, immune system response against TB and recent
progress of TB vaccine research and development. Several vaccines in clinical trials are described as
well as LAM-based candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Li
- Sorbonne Universite, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire (UMR 8232), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Changping Zheng
- Sorbonne Universite, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire (UMR 8232), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marco Terreni
- Drug Sciences Department, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lisa Tanzi
- Drug Sciences Department, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Matthieu Sollogoub
- Sorbonne Universite, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire (UMR 8232), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Sorbonne Universite, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire (UMR 8232), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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Correia-Neves M, Sundling C, Cooper A, Källenius G. Lipoarabinomannan in Active and Passive Protection Against Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1968. [PMID: 31572351 PMCID: PMC6749014 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolipids of the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are important immunomodulators in tuberculosis. In particular, lipoarabinomannan (LAM) has a profound effect on the innate immune response. LAM and its structural variants can be recognized by and activate human CD1b-restricted T cells, and emerging evidence indicates that B cells and antibodies against LAM can modulate the immune response to Mtb. Anti-LAM antibodies are induced during Mtb infection and after bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination, and monoclonal antibodies against LAM have been shown to confer protection by passive administration in mice and guinea pigs. In this review, we describe the immune response against LAM and the potential use of the mannose-capped arabinan moiety of LAM in the construction of vaccine candidates against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Correia-Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sundling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Cooper
- Leicester Tuberculosis Research Group (LTBRG), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Gunilla Källenius
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Epitope and affinity determination of recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ag85B antigen towards anti-Ag85 antibodies using proteolytic affinity-mass spectrometry and biosensor analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:439-448. [PMID: 30498982 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the first cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide. Only a single anti-TB vaccine is currently available for clinical use, but its efficacy is not achieved with certainty. The aim of this work is to provide a basis for the rational design of a neo-glycoconjugate vaccine against TB. Structural characterization of recombinant antigenic proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) Ag85B (rAg85B, variants, and semi-synthetic glycoconjugates) was initially carried out. Identification of antibody epitope analyses by proteolytic affinity-mass spectrometry and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor analyses were performed in order to qualitatively identify and quantitatively characterize interaction structures of the antigens with antibodies from different sources. A commercial monoclonal antibody and polyclonal antibodies from different sources (patients with active TB, vaccinated individuals, and a healthy control) were employed to analyze antigen-antibody interactions. These combined approaches provided the identification of different assembled epitope regions on the recombinant MTB antigens, their affinity binding constants in the interactions with specific antibodies, and revealed the importance of protection from excessive glycosylation. The identified epitope peptides should constitute a suitable basis for the design of new specific target vaccines. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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