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Schulze EJ, Ritterhoff CL, Franz E, Tavlui O, Brummel O, Meyer B, Hirsch A. Synthesis and Characterization of Bola-Amphiphilic Porphyrin-Perylenebisimide Architectures. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303515. [PMID: 38200652 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis and characterization of a family of three water-soluble bola-amphiphilic zinc-porphyrin-perylenebisimide triads containing oligo carboxylic-acid capped Newkome dendrons in the periphery. Variations of the perylenebisimide (PBI) core geometry and dendron size (G1 and G2 dendrons with 3- and 9-carboxylic acid groups respectively) allow for tuning the supramolecular aggregation behavior with respect to variation of the molecular architecture. The triads show good solubility in basic aqueous media and aggregation to supramolecular assemblies. Theoretical investigations at the DFT level of theory accompanied by electrochemical measurements unravel the geometric and electronic structure of the amphiphiles. UV/Vis and fluorescence titrations with varying amounts of THF demonstrate disaggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Schulze
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian L Ritterhoff
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer Chemistry Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Evanie Franz
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olha Tavlui
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf Brummel
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer Chemistry Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Chair of Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Ansteatt S, Gelfand R, Pelton M, Ptaszek M. Geometry-Independent Ultrafast Energy Transfer in Bioinspired Arrays Containing Electronically Coupled BODIPY Dimers as Energy Donors. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301571. [PMID: 37494565 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes, strong interaction between chromophores enables efficient absorption of solar radiation and has been suggested to enable ultrafast energy funneling to the reaction center. To examine whether similar effects can be realized in synthetic systems, and to determine the mechanisms of energy transfer, we synthesized and characterized a series of bioinspired arrays containing strongly-coupled BODIPY dimers as energy donors and chlorin derivatives as energy acceptors. The BODIPY dimers feature broad absorption in the range of 500-600 nm, complementing the chlorin absorption to provide absorption across the entire visible spectrum. Ultrafast (~10 ps) energy transfer was observed from photoexcited BODIPY dyads to chlorin subunits. Surprisingly, the energy-transfer rate is nearly independent of the position where the BODIPY dimer is attached to the chlorin and of the type of connecting linker. In addition, the energy-transfer rate from BODIPY dimers to chlorin is slower than the corresponding rate in arrays containing BODIPY monomers. The lower rate, corresponding to less efficient through-bond transfer, is most likely due to weaker electronic coupling between the ground state of the chlorin acceptor and the delocalized electronic state of the BODIPY dimer, compared to the localized state of a BODIPY monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ansteatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Rachel Gelfand
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Matthew Pelton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Marcin Ptaszek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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3
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Jing H, Magdaong NCM, Diers JR, Kirmaier C, Bocian DF, Holten D, Lindsey JS. Investigation of a bacteriochlorin-containing pentad array for panchromatic light-harvesting and charge separation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1781-1798. [PMID: 36597966 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05400k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A new pentad array designed to exhibit panchromatic absorption and charge separation has been synthesized and characterized. The array is composed of a triad panchromatic absorber (a bis(perylene-monoimide)-porphyrin) to which are appended an electron acceptor (perylene-diimide) and an electron donor/hole acceptor (bacteriochlorin) in a crossbar arrangement. The motivation for incorporation of the bacteriochlorin versus a free-base or zinc chlorin utilized in prior constructs was to facilitate hole transfer to this terminal unit and thereby achieve a higher yield of charge separation across the array. The intense S0 → S1 (Qy) band of the bacteriochlorin also enhances absorption in the near-infrared spectral region. Due to synthetic constraints, a phenylethyne linker was used to join the bacteriochlorin to the core porphyrin of the panchromatic triad rather than the diphenylethyne linker employed for the prior chlorin-containing pentads. Static and time-resolved photophysical studies reveal enhanced excited-state quenching for the pentad in benzonitrile and dimethyl sulfoxide compared to the prior chlorin-containing analogues. Success was only partial, however, as a long-lived charge separated state was not observed despite the improved energetics for the final ground-state hole/electron-shift reaction. The apparent reason is more facile competing charge-recombination due to the shorter bacteriochlorin - porphyrin linker that increases electronic coupling for this process. The studies highlight design criteria for balancing panchromatic absorption and long-lived charge separation in molecular architectures for solar-energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Jing
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA.
| | | | - James R Diers
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, USA.
| | - Christine Kirmaier
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, USA.
| | - David F Bocian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, USA.
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, USA.
| | - Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA.
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Roy A, Magdaong NCM, Jing H, Rong J, Diers JR, Kang HS, Niedzwiedzki DM, Taniguchi M, Kirmaier C, Lindsey JS, Bocian DF, Holten D. Balancing Panchromatic Absorption and Multistep Charge Separation in a Compact Molecular Architecture. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:9353-9365. [PMID: 36508586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A panchromatic triad and a charge-separation unit are joined in a crossbar architecture to capture solar energy. The panchromatic-absorber triad (T) is comprised of a central free-base porphyrin that is strongly coupled via direct ethyne linkages to two perylene-monoimide (PMI) groups. The charge-separation unit incorporates a free-base or zinc chlorin (C or ZnC) as a hole acceptor (or electron donor) and a perylene-diimide (PDI) as an electron acceptor, both attached to the porphyrin via diphenylethyne linkers. The free-base porphyrin is common to both light-harvesting and charge-separation motifs. The chlorin and PDI also function as ancillary light absorbers, complementing direct excitation of the panchromatic triad to produce the discrete lowest excited state of the array (T*). Attainment of full charge separation across the pentad entails two steps: (1) an initial excited-state hole/electron-transfer process to oxidize the chlorin (and reduce the panchromatic triad) or reduce the PDI (and oxidize the panchromatic triad); and (2) subsequent ground-state electron/hole migration to produce oxidized chlorin and reduced PDI. Full charge separation for pentad ZnC-T-PDI to generate ZnC+-T-PDI- occurs with a quantum yield of ∼30% and mean lifetime ∼1 μs in dimethyl sulfoxide. For C-T-PDI, initial charge separation is followed by rapid charge recombination. The molecular designs and studies reported here reveal the challenges of balancing the demands for charge separation (linker length and composition, excited-state energies, redox potentials, and medium polarity) with the constraints for panchromatic absorption (strong electronic coupling of the porphyrin and two PMI units) for integrated function in solar-energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
| | - Nikki Cecil M Magdaong
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
| | - Haoyu Jing
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jie Rong
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - James R Diers
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Hyun Suk Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
| | - Dariusz M Niedzwiedzki
- Center for Solar Energy and Energy Storage, and Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
| | - Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Christine Kirmaier
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
| | - Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - David F Bocian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
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Liu R, Rong J, Wu Z, Taniguchi M, Bocian DF, Holten D, Lindsey JS. Panchromatic Absorbers Tethered for Bioconjugation or Surface Attachment. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196501. [PMID: 36235037 PMCID: PMC9573448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of two triads are reported. Each triad is composed of two perylene-monoimides linked to a porphyrin via an ethyne unit, which bridges the perylene 9-position and a porphyrin 5- or 15-position. Each triad also contains a single tether composed of an alkynoic acid or an isophthalate unit. Each triad provides panchromatic absorption (350–700 nm) with fluorescence emission in the near-infrared region (733 or 743 nm; fluorescence quantum yield ~0.2). The syntheses rely on the preparation of trans-AB-porphyrins bearing one site for tether attachment (A), an aryl group (B), and two open meso-positions. The AB-porphyrins were prepared by the condensation of a 1,9-diformyldipyrromethane and a dipyrromethane. The installation of the two perylene-monoimide groups was achieved upon the 5,15-dibromination of the porphyrin and the subsequent copper-free Sonogashira coupling, which was accomplished before or after the attachment of the tether. The syntheses provide relatively straightforward access to a panchromatic absorber for use in bioconjugation or surface-attachment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA
| | - Jie Rong
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA
| | - Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA
| | - David F. Bocian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0403, USA
- Correspondence: (D.F.B.); (D.H.); (J.S.L.); Tel.: +1-919-515-6406 (J.S.L.)
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4889, USA
- Correspondence: (D.F.B.); (D.H.); (J.S.L.); Tel.: +1-919-515-6406 (J.S.L.)
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA
- Correspondence: (D.F.B.); (D.H.); (J.S.L.); Tel.: +1-919-515-6406 (J.S.L.)
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Poddutoori PK, Bayard BJ, Holzer N, Seetharaman S, Zarrabi N, Weidner N, Karr PA, D'Souza F. Rational Design and Synthesis of OEP and TPP Centered Phosphorus(V) Porphyrin-Naphthalene Conjugates: Triplet Formation via Rapid Charge Recombination. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17952-17965. [PMID: 34797977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Six new "axial-bonding" type "phosphorus(V) porphyrin-naphthalene" conjugates have been prepared consisting of octaethylporphyrinatophosphorus(V) (POEP+)/tetraphenylporphyrinatophosphorus(V) (PTPP+) and naphthalene (NP). The distance between the porphyrin and NP was systematically varied using polyether bridges. The unique structural topology of the octaethylporphyrinatophosphorus(V) (POEP+) and tetraphenylporphyrinatophosphorus(V) (PTPP+) enabled construction of mono- and disubstituted phosphorus(V) porphyrin-naphthalene conjugates, respectively. The steady-state and transient spectral properties were investigated as a function of redox properties, distance, and molecular topology. Strong electronic interactions between the phosphorus(V) porphyrin and NP in directly bound conjugates were observed. The established energy diagrams predicted reductive electron transfer involving singlet excited phosphorus(V) porphyrin and NP to generate high-energy (∼1.83-2.11 eV) charge-separated states (POEP/PTPP)•-(NP)•+. Femtosecond transient absorption spectral studies revealed rapid deactivation of singlet excited phosphorus(V) porphyrin due to charge separation wherein the estimated forward rate constants were in the range of 109-1010 s-1 and were dependent on the distance between the NP and porphyrins units, as well as the redox potentials of the type of the phosphorus(V) porphyrin. Additionally, due to high exothermicity and low-lying triplet states, the charge recombination process was found to be rapid, leading to populating the triplet states of phosphorus(V) porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth K Poddutoori
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Brandon J Bayard
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Noah Holzer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Sairaman Seetharaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Niloofar Zarrabi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Nathan Weidner
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Wayne State College, 111 Main Street, Wayne, Nebraska 68787, United States
| | - Paul A Karr
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Wayne State College, 111 Main Street, Wayne, Nebraska 68787, United States
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
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7
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Nishino T, Martin CJ, Yasuhara K, Rapenne G. Nanocars based on Polyaromatic or Porphyrinic Chassis. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2021. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.79.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Nishino
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST
| | - Colin J. Martin
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST
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Zarrabi N, Poddutoori PK. Aluminum(III) porphyrin: A unique building block for artificial photosynthetic systems. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Yang F, Wu Y, Zhao J, Guo Y, Guo X, Li W, Wang J. Excited-state photophysical processes in a molecular system containing perylene bisimide and zinc porphyrin chromophores. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20891-20900. [PMID: 32915174 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02672g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Multichromophoric systems with efficient photoinduced excited-state processes are important for the conversion of solar energy in artificial photosynthesis. However, a low molecular absorption coefficient of these multichromophoric systems in the near-infrared region limits their power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells. It is critical to design molecules with a broad absorption range in the whole spectral region, to better harvest solar energy, and to reveal their important multiple-step photophysical processes for the design of organic solar cells. Here, we investigate a novel compound having three chromophores, namely two near-by N,N'-bis(1-pentyl)hexyl-3,4,9,10-perylenebiscarboximide (PDI) units linked to a zinc porphyrin core side by side (in the form of PDI-ZnPor-PDI), which absorbs solar energy ranging from the ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared regions. The photophysical behavior of PDI-ZnPor-PDI in both film and solution forms, has been investigated using steady-state and transient spectroscopy measurements. Charge-transfer species and triplet excited-state species are observed, the excited-state evolutions of which are monitored using molecular vibrations as probes. These observations support the idea that PDI-ZnPor-PDI on photoexcitation generates the radical anion and triplet species of the PDI unit (PDI˙- and 3PDI*). Our results demonstrate the effect of solid film state on the photophysical properties in such multichromophoric system, and are valuable for guiding the design and utilization of novel near-infrared electron donors or acceptors for use in organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Molecular Reaction Dynamics Laboratory, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Yanzhou Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Molecular Reaction Dynamics Laboratory, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Molecular Reaction Dynamics Laboratory, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yiting Guo
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Molecular Reaction Dynamics Laboratory, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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10
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Nishino T, Martin CJ, Takeuchi H, Lim F, Yasuhara K, Gisbert Y, Abid S, Saffon-Merceron N, Kammerer C, Rapenne G. Dipolar Nanocars Based on a Porphyrin Backbone. Chemistry 2020; 26:12010-12018. [PMID: 32530071 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a new family of nanocars is reported. To control their motion, we integrated a dipole which can be tuned thanks to strategic donor and acceptor substituents at the 5- and 15-positions of the porphyrin backbone. The two other meso positions are substituted with ethynyltriptycene moieties which are known to act as wheels. Full characterization of nine nanocars is presented as well as the electrochemistry of these push-pull molecules. DFT calculations allowed us to evaluate the magnitude of the dipoles and to understand the electrochemical behavior and how it is affected by the electron donating and accepting groups present. An X-ray crystal structure of one nanocar has also been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Nishino
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Colin J Martin
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.,International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems, NAIST-CEMES, 29 rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Hiroki Takeuchi
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Florence Lim
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yohan Gisbert
- CEMES-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29, rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Seifallah Abid
- CEMES-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29, rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- UPS, Université de Toulouse, Institut de Chimie de Toulouse, FR 2599, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Kammerer
- CEMES-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29, rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.,International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems, NAIST-CEMES, 29 rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France.,CEMES-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29, rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
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11
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Arkhypchuk AI, Xiong R, Borbas KE. Investigation of the demetallation of 10-aryl substituted synthetic chlorins under acidic conditions. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 205:110979. [PMID: 31951912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The acidic demetallation of a series of sparsely substituted Zn(II) chlorins is reported. The chlorins were functionalized in the 10-position with substituents ranging from strongly electron donating mesityl and p-methoxyphenyl to electron-withdrawing p-nitrophenyl and pentafluorophenyl groups. The demetallation kinetics were investigated using UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy. Demetallation was carried out by exposing the metallochlorins dissolved in CH2Cl2 to an excess of trifluoroacetic acid. Reasonable correlation was found between the Hammett constant of the 10-substituent and the rate constant of the loss of the metal ion. The largest differences were observed between the p-methoxyphenyl and p-nitrophenyl-substituted Zn(II) chlorins, undergoing loss of Zn(II) with pseudo first order rate constants of 0.0789 × 10-3 and 3.70 × 10-3 min-1, respectively. Taken together, these data establish the dramatic influence even subtle changes can have in altering the electronic properties of chlorins, which in turn impacts metallochlorin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I Arkhypchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Box 523, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ruisheng Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Box 523, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Eszter Borbas
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Box 523, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
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12
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Lee SH, Matula AJ, Hu G, Troiano JL, Karpovich CJ, Crabtree RH, Batista VS, Brudvig GW. Strongly Coupled Phenazine-Porphyrin Dyads: Light-Harvesting Molecular Assemblies with Broad Absorption Coverage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:8000-8008. [PMID: 30698407 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of light-harvesting architectures with broad absorption coverage in the visible region continues to be an important research area in the field of artificial photosynthesis. Here, we introduce a new class of ethynyl-linked panchromatic dyads composed of dibenzophenazines coupled ortho and meta to tetrapyrroles with an anchoring group that can be grafted onto metal oxide surfaces. Quantum chemical calculations and photophysical measurements of the synthesized materials reveal that both of the dibenzophenazine dyads absorb broadly from 300 to 636 nm and exhibit absorption bands different from those of the constituent chromophore units. Moreover, the different points of attachment of dibenzophenazines to tetrapyrroles give different absorption profiles which computations suggest result from differences in the planarity of the two dyads. Applicability of the dyads in artificial photosynthesis systems was assessed by their incorporation and characterization of their performance in dye-sensitized solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, and Yale Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Adam J Matula
- Department of Chemistry, and Yale Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Gongfang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, and Yale Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Jennifer L Troiano
- Department of Chemistry, and Yale Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Christopher J Karpovich
- Department of Chemistry, and Yale Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Robert H Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, and Yale Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Victor S Batista
- Department of Chemistry, and Yale Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, and Yale Energy Sciences Institute , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
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13
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Bressan G, Green D, Chan Y, Bulman Page PC, Jones GA, Meech SR, Heisler IA. One- to Two-Exciton Transitions in Perylene Bisimide Dimer Revealed by Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2018; 123:1594-1601. [PMID: 30516984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b11473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The excited-state energy levels of molecular dimers and aggregates play a critical role in their photophysical behavior and an understanding of the photodynamics in such structures is important for developing applications such as photovoltaics and optoelectronic devices. Here, exciton transitions in two different covalently bound PBI dimers are studied by two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES), a powerful spectroscopic method, providing the most complete picture of vibronic transitions in molecular systems. The data are accurately reproduced using the equation of motion-phase matching approach. The unambiguous presence of one-exciton to two-exciton transitions are captured in our results and described in terms of a molecular exciton energy level scheme based on the Kasha model. Furthermore, the results are supported by comparative measurements with the PBI monomer and another dimer in which the interchromophore distance is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bressan
- School of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park , University of East Anglia , Norwich NR4 7TJ , United Kingdom
| | - Dale Green
- School of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park , University of East Anglia , Norwich NR4 7TJ , United Kingdom
| | - Yohan Chan
- School of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park , University of East Anglia , Norwich NR4 7TJ , United Kingdom
| | - Philip C Bulman Page
- School of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park , University of East Anglia , Norwich NR4 7TJ , United Kingdom
| | - Garth A Jones
- School of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park , University of East Anglia , Norwich NR4 7TJ , United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R Meech
- School of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park , University of East Anglia , Norwich NR4 7TJ , United Kingdom
| | - Ismael A Heisler
- Departamento de Física , Universidade Federal do Paraná , Caixa Postal 19044, 81531-990 Curitiba , Parana , Brazil
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14
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Adams M, Baroni N, Oldenburg M, Kraffert F, Behrends J, MacQueen RW, Haldar R, Busko D, Turshatov A, Emandi G, Senge MO, Wöll C, Lips K, Richards BS, Howard IA. Reaction of porphyrin-based surface-anchored metal-organic frameworks caused by prolonged illumination. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:29142-29151. [PMID: 30426977 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05254a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline surface-anchored metal-organic framework (SURMOF) thin films made from porphyrin-based organic linkers have recently been used in both photon upconversion and photovoltaic applications. While these studies showed promising results, the question of photostability in this organic-inorganic hybrid material has to be investigated before applications can be considered. Here, we combine steady-state photoluminescence, transient absorption, and time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to examine the effects of prolonged illumination on a palladium-porphyrin based SURMOF thin film. We find that phototreatment leads to a change in the material's photoresponse caused by the creation of stable products of photodecomposition - likely chlorin - inside the SURMOF structure. When the mobile triplet excitons encounter such a defect site, a short-lived (80 ns) cation-anion radical pair can be formed by electron transfer, wherein the charges are localized at a porphyrin and the photoproduct site, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Adams
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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15
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Yarnell JE, Chakraborty A, Myahkostupov M, Wright KM, Castellano FN. Long-lived triplet excited state in a platinum(ii) perylene monoimide complex. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:15071-15081. [PMID: 30303214 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02496k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and solution based photophysical properties of a new Pt(ii)-terpyridine complex coupled to a perylene monoimide (PMI) chromophoric unit through an acetylene linkage. This structural arrangement resulted in quantitative quenching of the highly fluorescent PMI chromophore by introducing metal character into the lowest energy singlet state, thereby leading to the formation of a long-lived PMI-ligand localized triplet excited state (τ = 8.4 μs). Even though the phosphorescence from this triplet state was not observed, highly efficient quenching of this excited state by dissolved oxygen and the observation of singlet oxygen photoluminescence in the near-IR at 1270 nm initially pointed towards triplet excited state character. Additionally, the coincidence of the excited state absorbance difference spectra from the sensitized PMI ligand using a triplet donor and the Pt-PMI complex provided strong evidence for this triplet state assignment, which was further supported by TD-DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Yarnell
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA.
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