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Bilgic A, Aydin Z. A new bodipy/pillar[5]arene functionalized magnetic sporopollenin for the detection of Cu(II) and Hg(II) ions in aqueous solution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 657:102-113. [PMID: 38035413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new bodipy/pillar[5]arene functionalized magnetic MS-Sp-P[5]-bodipy microcapsule sensor was prepared based on the use of environmentally friendly for the selective and sensitive detection of Cu(II) and Hg(II) ions in aqueous media. SEM results used in the characterization process of the materials synthesized at each stage confirmed the structural and morphological changes in the pore structure, while other characterization results (FT-IR and XRD) elucidated the role of pillar[5]arene compound and bodipy dye in the synthesis of magnetic microcapsule sensors. The colloidal solution of MS-Sp-P[5]-bodipy (water/ethanol)) showed two fluorescence bands centered at 402 and 540 nm. The detection limits of MS-Sp-P[5]-bodipy for Hg(II) and Cu(II) were calculated to be 0.06 µM and 2.27 µM, respectively (at 540 nm). The linear range of the magnetic sensor for Hg(II) and Cu(II) was found to be in the range of 1-150 µM and 10-150 µM, respectively. The experimental results (response time, pH, temperature, sensitivity and selectivity) demonstrated the applicability and potential of the prepared magnetic microcapsule sensor for the detection of Cu(II) and Hg(II) in water and tap water samples containing heavy metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bilgic
- Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70100 Karaman, Turkey.
| | - Ziya Aydin
- Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70100 Karaman, Turkey
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2
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Chiu WJ, Chu TY, Barve IJ, Sun CM. Parallel Synthesis of Pyrazolone-Fused Cinnolines by the Palladium-Catalyzed [4 + 2] Annulation of Pyrazol-3-ones with Substituted Allenoates. J Org Chem 2024; 89:395-401. [PMID: 38133555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of pyrazolone-fused cinnolines from pyrazol-3-ones and α,γ-substituted allenoates via a palladium-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation cascade was developed. Mechanistic studies revealed the course of the reaction. Initially, N-acyl-valine ligand-assisted ortho-C-H activation gives ortho-alkenylated intermediate. Subsequent cyclopalladation and migratory insertion of allenoate give a seven-membered palladacycle. Reductive elimination finally furnishes pyrazolone-fused cinnolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jung Chiu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hseuh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yen Chu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hseuh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
| | - Indrajeet J Barve
- Department of Chemistry, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chung-Ming Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hseuh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan First Road, Kaohsiung 807-08, Taiwan
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3
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Yekan Motlagh P, Vahid B, Akay S, Kayan B, Yoon Y, Khataee A. Ultrasonic-assisted photocatalytic degradation of various organic contaminants using ZnO supported on a natural polymer of sporopollenin. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 98:106486. [PMID: 37352731 PMCID: PMC10336198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Water resource pollution by organic contaminants is an environmental issue of increasing concern. Here, sporopollenin/zinc oxide (SP/ZnO) was used as an environmentally friendly and durable catalyst for sonophotocatalytic treatment of three organic compounds: direct blue 25 (DB 25), levofloxacin (LEV), and dimethylphtalate (DMPh). The resulting catalyst had a 2.65 eV bandgap value and 9.81 m2/g surface area. The crystalline structure and functional groups of SP/ZnO were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. After 120 min of the sonophotocatalysis, the degradation efficiencies of DB 25, LEV, and DMPh by SP/ZnO were 86.41, 75.88, and 62.54%, respectively, which were higher than that of the other investigated processes. The role of reactive oxygen species were investigated using various scavengers, enhancers, photoluminescence, and o-phenylenediamine. Owing to its stability, the catalyst exhibited good reusability after four consecutive cycles. In addition, the high integrity of the catalyst was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XRD, and FTIR analyses. After four consecutive examinations, the leaching of zinc in the aqueous phase was < 3 mg/L. Moreover, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses indicated that the contaminants were initially converted into cyclic compounds and then into aliphatic compounds, including carboxylic acids and animated products. Thus, this study synthesized an environmentally friendly and reusable SP/ZnO composite for the degradation of various organic pollutants using a sonophotocatalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Yekan Motlagh
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-1647, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrouz Vahid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sema Akay
- Department of Chemistry, Arts and Science Faculty, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Berkant Kayan
- Department of Chemistry, Arts and Science Faculty, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Yeojoon Yoon
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-1647, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey.
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Bilgic A, Cimen A, Kursunlu AN. A novel biosorbent functionalized pillar[5]arene: Synthesis, characterization and effective biosorption of Cr(VI). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159312. [PMID: 36220470 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Among toxic chemicals, hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is one of the most carcinogenic and toxic pollutants that hostiles to the health of both humans and other living things. Therefore, the removal of Cr(VI) is of great importance to keep our environment clean and tidy. In this study, an easy-make, inexpensive, and natural biosorbent material (Sp-P[5]) was prepared to preserve our environment using a pillar[5]arene based-on sporopollenin microcapsule. The prepared biosorbent was successfully characterized by some techniques such as FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The biosorbent, Sp-P[5], exhibited an open mesoporous structure richly decorated with multi-amine-containing moieties resulting in enhanced Cr(VI) sorption. The sorption behavior of Cr(VI) ions is satisfactorily adapted from the sorption kinetics pseudo-second-order law and the isotherm models to the Langmuir model at different temperatures. The Langmuir model fits at different temperatures (298-328 K) and the maximum sorption capacities of the Cr(VI) ion ranged from 106.38 to 117.26 mg/g. The thermodynamic calculations reveal that the sorption of Cr(VI) ions on the Sp-P[5] is entropy-driven, endothermic, and spontaneous. The prepared biosorbent was also applied to the natural wastewater samples and different ions (chromate and dichromate). The sorption and desorption experiments showed that the sorption efficiency for Cr(VI) ions of the Sp-P[5] decreased to 70.88 % after 8 cycles. As result, the synthesized biosorbent, Sp-P[5], has outstanding potential in the removal of Cr(VI) ions from water bodies and natural wastewater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bilgic
- Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70200 Karaman, Turkey.
| | - Aysel Cimen
- Department of Chemistry, Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70100 Karaman, Turkey
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5
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New s-Triazine/Tetrazole conjugates as potent antifungal and antibacterial agents: Design, molecular docking and mechanistic study. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mohammed ASY, Dyab AKF, Taha F, Abd El-Mageed AIA. Pollen-derived microcapsules for aspirin microencapsulation: in vitro release and physico-chemical studies. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22139-22149. [PMID: 36043102 PMCID: PMC9364082 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02888c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is one of the most crucial therapies needed and/or used in a basic health system. Using biocompatible materials to encapsulate ASA would improve its therapeutic efficacy and reduce its side effects via controlled release in physiological environments. Consequently, we explore in this study the feasibility of encapsulation of ASA into robust Lycopodium clavatum L. sporopollenin (LCS) microcapsules. After extracting sporopollenin from their natural micrometer-sized raw spores, the physico-chemical features of the extracted sporopollenin, pure ASA, and sporopollenin loaded with ASA were characterised using various methods, including optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis.) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, we demonstrate the in vitro release profile of ASA in a triggered gastrointestinal environment utilizing kinetics analysis to investigate the mechanism of release. The LCS microcapsules were found to be excellent encapsulants for the crucial ASA drug and achieved controlled in vitro release, that would enable further investigations to rationally design versatile controlled delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al-Shymaa Y Mohammed
- Colloids & Advanced Materials Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Amro K F Dyab
- Colloids & Advanced Materials Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Fouad Taha
- Colloids & Advanced Materials Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Ahmed I A Abd El-Mageed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, GALALA University Galala City Suez 43711 Egypt.,Colloids & Advanced Materials Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
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Alpizar-Reyes E, Concha JL, Martín-Martínez FJ, Norambuena-Contreras J. Biobased Spore Microcapsules for Asphalt Self-Healing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31296-31311. [PMID: 35772026 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Asphalt pavements and bituminous composites are majorly damaged by bitumen aging and fatigue cracking by traffic load. To add, maintenance and reparation of asphalt pavements is expensive and also releases significant amounts of greenhouse gases. These issues can be mitigated by promoting asphalt self-healing mechanisms with encapsulated rejuvenators. The ability of the required microcapsules to be resilient against high temperatures, oxidation, and mechanical stress is essential to promote such self-healing behavior without compromising the field performance of the asphalt pavement. This work proposes, for the first time, the use of extremely resistant biobased spores for the encapsulation of recycled oil-based rejuvenators to produce more resilient self-healing pavements. Spore encapsulants were obtained from natural spores (Lycopodium clavatum) by applying different chemical treatments, which enabled the selection of the best morphologically intact and clean spore encapsulant. The physical, morphological, and physicochemical changes were examined using fluorescence images, ATR-FTIR, SEM, size distribution, XRD, TGA and DSC analyses. Sunflower oil was used as the encapsulated rejuvenator with an optimal sol colloidal mixture for sporopollenin-oil of 1:5 (gram-to-gram). Vacuum, passive, and centrifugal encapsulation techniques were tested for loading the rejuvenator inside the clean spores and for selecting the best encapsulation technology. The encapsulation efficiency and the profiles of the accelerated release of the rejuvenator from the loaded spores over time were studied, and these processes were visualized with optical and inverted fluorescence microscopy. Vacuum encapsulation was identified as the best loading technique with an encapsulation efficiency of 93.02 ± 3.71%. The rejuvenator was successfully encapsulated into the clean spores, as observed by optical and SEM morphologies. In agreement with the TGA and DSC, the microcapsules were stable up to 204 °C. Finally, a self-healing test was conducted through fluorescence tests to demonstrate how these biobased spore microcapsules completely heal a crack into an aged bitumen sample in 50 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Alpizar-Reyes
- LabMAT, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Bío-Bío, Concepción 4081112, Chile
| | - José L Concha
- LabMAT, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Bío-Bío, Concepción 4081112, Chile
| | - Francisco J Martín-Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP, U.K
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - José Norambuena-Contreras
- LabMAT, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Bío-Bío, Concepción 4081112, Chile
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Yaacob SFFS, Jamil RZR, Suah FBM. Sporopollenin based materials as a versatile choice for the detoxification of environmental pollutants - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:990-1004. [PMID: 35381287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Before making the transfer to land, plants survive in water for millions of years to avoid the severe circumstances that prevail on lands, such as drought and UV radiation. All land plant spores are coated in sporopollenin, a substance that has developed to endow pollen and spore shells with exceptional, one-of-a-kind qualities. In a nutshell, sporopollenin-coated spores are a unique invention only seen in land plants. Sporopollenin, discovered in the outer exine layer of pollen walls, is a lipid and phenolic-based polymer with high carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen cross-linking. Products based on sporopollenin can remediate toxic pollutant contamination in the aquatic environment. This research and development are now underway. In this review, we show how sporopollenin-based adsorbents act in environmental challenges and their immense promise for this application via remarkable physical and chemical characteristics. A comparison is made of the benefits of various sporopollenin-modified structures. This strategy will further our understanding of how a biopolymer's structure can be accommodated to address emerging environmental challenges, revealing more about sporopollenin's dynamical nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Fariq Fathullah Syed Yaacob
- Green Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Raja Zalinda Raja Jamil
- Green Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Faiz Bukhari Mohd Suah
- Green Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Hassan Nazmy M, Ahmed Mekheimer R, Shoman ME, Abo-Elsebaa M, Abd-Elmonem M, Usef Sadek K. Controlled microwave-assisted reactions: A facile synthesis of polyfunctionally substituted phthalazines as dual EGFR and PI3K inhibitors in CNS SNB-75 cell line. Bioorg Chem 2022; 122:105740. [PMID: 35298961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors are stubborn cancers with poor prognosis and disappointing survival rates. Targeted cancer therapeutics with higher efficacy and lower resistance are highly demanded. An efficient one-pot synthesis of polyfunctionalized phthalazines derivatives was developed by reacting ethyl 1-aryl-5-cyano-1,6-dihydro-4-methyl-6-oxo-3-pyridazine-carboxylates with cinnamonitrile derivatives and the cycloaddition reaction of thieno[3,4-d]pyridazines with activated double or triple bond systems under controlled microwave heating with high yields. The resultant synthesized phthalazines (5a-e, 9 and 13) were tested for their in vitro anti-cancer activities by using in vitro one dose assay at National Cancer institute, USA. Only phthalazine (5b) showed broad spectrum anti-tumor activity against most tested cancer cell lines from all subpanels with mean % GI = 22.61. Interestingly, all tested compounds showed varying growth inhibitory activity against a particular cell line, CNS SNB-75 cell line, but (5b) exhibited the highest growth inhibitory activity against CNS-SNB-75 cell line with (GI% = 108.81) and (IC50 = 3.703 ± 0.2) compared to erlotinib; (IC50 = 12.5 ± 0.68). It caused Pre-G1 apoptosis and growth arrest at S phase. It also increased percentage of the total apoptotic cells in CNS-SNB-75 cell line (39.26%) compared to control cells (2.17%) in the annexin V-FITC experiment. It revealed pronounced EGFR inhibitory activity (IC50 = 47.27 ± 2.41 ng/mL) compared to erlotinib (IC50 = 30.7 ± 1.56 ng/mL). It also inhibited the different PI3K isoforms α, β, γ and δ (with IC50 of 4.39, 13.6, 12.5 and 3.11 μg/mL, respectively compared to LY294002 (with IC50 of 12.7, 8.57, 6.89 and 5.7 μg/mL, respectively). It also caused significant lower protein expression levels of pPI3K, AKT, pAKT and Bcl2 and higher protein expression levels of BAX, Casp3 and Casp9 when compared to untreated cells. Conclusion: Phthalazine (5b) may be an effective, convenient and safe anti-cancer agent acting via proapoptotic and dual EGFR and PI3K kinase inhibitory actions in CNS SNB-75 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiiada Hassan Nazmy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | | | - Mai E Shoman
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abo-Elsebaa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd-Elmonem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Kamal Usef Sadek
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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Moustafa MS, Nour-Eldeen AM, Al-Mousawi SM, El-Hameed AA, Magdy M, Sadek KU. Regioselectivity in the reaction of 5-amino-3-anilino-1 H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile with cinnamonitriles and enaminones: Synthesis of functionally substituted pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine derivatives. GREEN PROCESSING AND SYNTHESIS 2022; 11:116-128. [DOI: 10.1515/gps-2022-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The development of efficient methods for the synthesis of polyfunctional N-heterocycles is an important area of research in organic and medicinal chemistry. Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives are purine analogous of biomedical importance and have been extremely studied for their broad spectrum of biological activities. Recently, they have attracted great interest in materials science owing to their photophysical properties. 3(5)-Aminopyrazoles are extensively utilized in the synthesis of condensed heterocyclic systems, particularly pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines via the reaction with 1,3-biselectrophilic reagents. However, the information available in the literature provides little in the way of reasoning their cyclization, particularly the initial attack either by the exocyclic amino group or endocyclic nitrogen. Unfortunately, the relative nucleophilicity of exo- and endocyclic nitrogen atoms in 1-unsubstituted 3(5)-aminopyrazoles is not clear and contradicting. It has been found that other factors can modulate the regioselectivity rather than basicity or steric hindrance for both active sites. The reported studies in the structure–activity relationship revealed that pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines having a substitution at fifth, sixth, and seventh positions possess potent biological activities, especially those with an amino group at the seventh position. We here developed a regioselective, high yield synthesis of 7-amino-5-arylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3,6-dicarbonitriles by the reaction of N-(5-amino-4-cyano-1H-pyrazole-3-yl)-benzamide with various cinnamonitriles and enaminones in pyridine at 120°C under controlled microwave heating conditions. All structures of newly synthesized compounds were established by analytical and spectral data as well as single-crystal diffraction and rationalized for their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Sherif Moustafa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University , P.O. Box 12613 , Safat 13060 , Kuwait
| | | | - Saleh Mohamed Al-Mousawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University , P.O. Box 12613 , Safat 13060 , Kuwait
| | - Afaf Abd El-Hameed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University , 61519 , Minia , Egypt
| | - Michael Magdy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University , 61519 , Minia , Egypt
| | - Kamal Usef Sadek
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University , 61519 , Minia , Egypt
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Bilgic A. Novel BODIPY-based fluorescent Lycopodium clavatum sporopollenin microcapsules for detection and removal of Cu(II) ions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Encapsulation of folic acid (vitamin B 9) into sporopollenin microcapsules: Physico-chemical characterisation, in vitro controlled release and photoprotection study. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112271. [PMID: 34474830 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Folic acid (FA) is a crucial vitamin for all living creatures. However, it is susceptible to degradation under pH, heat, ultraviolet (UV) and day sunlight conditions, resulting in lowering its bioavailability. Therefore, a versatile protective encapsulation system for FA is highly required to overcome its inherent instability. We report the use of the robust Lycopodium clavatum sporopollenin (LCS) microcapsules, extracted from their natural micrometer-sized raw spores, for FA microencapsulation. The physico-chemical characterisation of the LCS microcapsules are comprehensively investigated before and after the microencapsulation using SEM, elemental, CLSM, FTIR, TGA/DTG and XRD analyses, revealing a successful FA encapsulation within the LCS in an amorphous form. The phenylpropanoid acids, responsible for the UV protection and the autofluorescence of the LCS, were found in the LCS as evidenced by FTIR analysis. TGA/DTG results revealed that the hemi-cellulose and cellulose are the major component of the LCS. A controlled and sustained release of FA from FA-loaded LCS were achieved where the release profile of FA-loaded LCS was found to be pH-dependent. The percentages of cumulative FA released after 10 h at 37 ± 0.5 °C were 45.5% and 76.1% in pH 1.2 and 7.4, respectively, ensuring controlled and slow release in simulated physiological conditions. The FA release kinetic studies indicated the prevalence of the Fickian diffusion mechanism in pH 1.2, while anomalous non-Fickian transport was ascribed for FA release in pH 7.4. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay revealed that the obtained formulations were biocompatible against the human skin fibroblast (HSF) cell line. The versatile LCS microcapsules exhibited intriguing photostability for FA under UV or sunlight irradiation. Concretely, the obtained FA sustained delivery and photoprotection properties of these LCS microcapsules validate their multifunctional characteristics, opening up intriguing applications in oral and topical drug delivery as well as in food industry.
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Meligi NM, Dyab AKF, Paunov VN. Sustained In Vitro and In Vivo Delivery of Metformin from Plant Pollen-Derived Composite Microcapsules. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1048. [PMID: 34371742 PMCID: PMC8309045 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a dual microencapsulation platform for the type 2 diabetes drug metformin (MTF), which is aimed to increase its bioavailability. We report the use of Lycopodium clavatum sporopollenin (LCS), derived from their natural spores, and raw Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm) pollens (DPP) for MTF microencapsulation. MTF was loaded into LCS and DPP via a vacuum and a novel method of hydration-induced swelling. The loading capacity (LC) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) percentages for MTF-loaded LCS and MTF-loaded DPP microcapsules were 14.9% ± 0.7, 29.8 ± 0.8, and 15.2% ± 0.7, 30.3 ± 1.0, respectively. The release of MTF from MTF-loaded LCS microcapsules was additionally controlled by re-encapsulating the loaded microcapsules into calcium alginate (ALG) microbeads via ionotropic gelation, where the release of MTF was found to be significantly slower and pH-dependent. The pharmacokinetic parameters, obtained from the in vivo study, revealed that the relative bioavailability of the MTF-loaded LCS-ALG beads was 1.215 times higher compared to pure MTF, following oral administration of a single dose equivalent to 25 mg/kg body weight MTF to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic male Sprague-Dawley rats. Significant hypoglycemic effect was obtained for STZ-induced diabetic rats orally treated with MTF-loaded LCS-ALG beads compared to control diabetic rats. Over a period of 29 days, the STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with MTF-loaded LCS-ALG beads showed a decrease in the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, as well as an increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and a recovery in the oxidative stress biomarker, lipid peroxidation (LPx). In addition, histopathological studies of liver, pancreas, kidney, and testes suggested that MTF-loaded LCS-ALG beads improved the degenerative changes in organs of diabetic rats. The LCS-ALG platform for dual encapsulation of MTF achieved sustained MTF delivery and enhancement of bioavailability, as well as the improved biochemical and histopathological characteristics in in vivo studies, opening many other intriguing applications in sustained drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M. Meligi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt;
| | - Amro K. F. Dyab
- Colloids & Advanced Materials Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt;
| | - Vesselin N. Paunov
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nursultan 010000, Kazakhstan
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Mekheimer RA, Hayallah AM, Moustafa MS, Al-Mousawi SM, Abd-Elmonem M, Mostafa SM, Abo Elsoud FA, Sadek KU. Microwave-assisted reactions: Efficient and versatile one-step synthesis of 8-substituted xanthines and substituted pyrimidopteridine-2,4,6,8-tetraones under controlled microwave heating. GREEN PROCESSING AND SYNTHESIS 2021; 10:201-207. [DOI: 10.1515/gps-2021-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We report herein a simple and efficient one-step synthesis of 8-substituted xanthines and substituted pyrimidopteridine-2,4,6,8-tetraones via reaction of 1,3-dimethyl-5,6-diaminouracil 1 with activated double bond systems 2 assisted by controlled microwave irradiation. The obtained heterocycles are privileged biologically relevant scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alaa M. Hayallah
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University , Minia , Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University , Assiut 71526 , Egypt
| | - Moustafa Sherief Moustafa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University , P. O. Box 12613 , Safat 13060 , Kuwait
| | - Saleh Mohammed Al-Mousawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University , P. O. Box 12613 , Safat 13060 , Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Abd-Elmonem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
| | - Sara M. Mostafa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
| | - Fatma A. Abo Elsoud
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University , Minia , Egypt
| | - Kamal Usef Sadek
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University , Minia 61519 , Egypt
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15
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Moustafa MS, Mekheimer RA, Al-Mousawi SM, Abd-Elmonem M, El-Zorba H, Hameed AMA, Mohamed TM, Sadek KU. Microwave-assisted efficient one-pot synthesis of N 2-(tetrazol-5-yl)-6-aryl/heteroaryl-5,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1706-1712. [PMID: 32733614 PMCID: PMC7372238 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient one-pot synthesis of N 2-(tetrazol-5-yl)-6-aryl/heteroaryl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine derivatives was developed by reacting 5-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrazole with aromatic aldehydes and cyanamide in pyridine under controlled microwave heating with high yields. X-ray crystallography confirmed the structure of the obtained products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohamed Abd-Elmonem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Hesham El-Zorba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | | | | | - Kamal Usef Sadek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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16
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Zaky OS, Selim MA, Ebied MM, Sadek KU. Glycerol: A Promising Benign Solvent for Catalyst‐free One‐pot Multi‐component Synthesis of 1
H
‐Pyrozolo[1,2‐
b
]phthalazine‐5,10‐diones and 2
H
‐Indazolo[2,1‐
b
]phthalazine‐triones Under Controlled Microwaves Irradiation. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omnyia Said Zaky
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceSouth Valley University Quena A.R. Egypt
| | - Maghraby Ali Selim
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceSouth Valley University Quena A.R. Egypt
| | - Manal Makboul Ebied
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceSouth Valley University Quena A.R. Egypt
| | - Kamal Usef Sadek
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceMinia University 61519 Minia A.R. Egypt
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17
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Dyab AKF, Mohamed MA, Meligi N, Mohamed SK. Encapsulation of erythromycin and bacitracin antibiotics into natural sporopollenin microcapsules: antibacterial, cytotoxicity, in vitro and in vivo release studies for enhanced bioavailability. RSC Adv 2018; 8:33432-33444. [PMID: 35548145 PMCID: PMC9086482 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05499a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature produces large quantities of superbly complex and highly reliable microcapsules. The micrometre-sized Lycopodium clavatum spores are one example of these robust capsules. The encapsulation of erythromycin (EM) and bacitracin (BAC) antibiotics into the Lycopodium clavatum sporopollenin (LCS) extracted from these spore species is explored for the first time. The LCS microparticles are extensively characterised before and after loading using SEM, CLSM, TGA and FTIR techniques. The loading capacity and entrapping efficiency of EM were 16.2 and 32.4%, respectively. The antibacterial activities of pure antibiotics, empty LCS and the antibiotic-loaded LCS were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (Gram-negative) human pathogenic bacterial strains. A remarkable increase in the antibacterial fold activity of both EM- and BAC-loaded LCS compared to that of the pure antibiotics is observed. Crucial for drug delivery applications, empty LCS, EM- and BAC-loaded LCS were found to be nontoxic against human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells Caco-2 as revealed by the cytotoxicity evaluation. The in vitro release mechanism of EM in pH 7.4 showed a deviation from Fick's law. In vivo release of EM from EM-loaded LCS (an oral dose of 50 mg kg−1) revealed high values of the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC0–6 h and AUC0–∞ were 1620 and 2147 μg h L−1, respectively) indicative of the enhanced EM bioavailability. The successful loading of antibiotics into the nontoxic LCS and the enhanced bioavailability can open up intriguing applications in oral and topical drug delivery strategies. Antibacterial activity and bioavailability of antibiotics are enhanced after a successful loading into nontoxic natural Lycopodium clavatum sporopollenin microcapsules.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro K. F. Dyab
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- Minia University
- Minia 61519
- Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Mohamed
- Plant Pathology Research Institute
- Agricultural Research Center
- Giza 12655
- Egypt
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universidad Politécnica de Valencia)
| | - Noha M. Meligi
- Zoology Department
- Faculty of Science
- Minia University
- Minia 61519
- Egypt
| | - Shaaban K. Mohamed
- Manchester Metropolitan University
- Faculty of Science & Engineering
- School of Healthcare Science
- Manchester
- UK
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