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Ansari MZ, Hussain I, Mohapatra D, Ansari SA, Rahighi R, Nandi DK, Song W, Kim S. Atomic Layer Deposition-A Versatile Toolbox for Designing/Engineering Electrodes for Advanced Supercapacitors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303055. [PMID: 37937382 PMCID: PMC10767429 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has become the most widely used thin-film deposition technique in various fields due to its unique advantages, such as self-terminating growth, precise thickness control, and excellent deposition quality. In the energy storage domain, ALD has shown great potential for supercapacitors (SCs) by enabling the construction and surface engineering of novel electrode materials. This review aims to present a comprehensive outlook on the development, achievements, and design of advanced electrodes involving the application of ALD for realizing high-performance SCs to date, as organized in several sections of this paper. Specifically, this review focuses on understanding the influence of ALD parameters on the electrochemical performance and discusses the ALD of nanostructured electrochemically active electrode materials on various templates for SCs. It examines the influence of ALD parameters on electrochemical performance and highlights ALD's role in passivating electrodes and creating 3D nanoarchitectures. The relationship between synthesis procedures and SC properties is analyzed to guide future research in preparing materials for various applications. Finally, it is concluded by suggesting the directions and scope of future research and development to further leverage the unique advantages of ALD for fabricating new materials and harness the unexplored opportunities in the fabrication of advanced-generation SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Zahid Ansari
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringYeungnam University280 Daehak‐RoGyeongsanGyeongbuk38541Republic of Korea
| | - Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringCity University of Hong Kong83 Tat Chee AvenueKowoonHong Kong
| | - Debananda Mohapatra
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST)50 UNIST‐gilUlju‐gunUlsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Sajid Ali Ansari
- Department of PhysicsCollege of ScienceKing Faisal UniversityP.O. Box 400HofufAl‐Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia
| | - Reza Rahighi
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano‐Technology (SAINT)Sungkyunkwan University2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi‐do16419Republic of Korea
| | - Dip K Nandi
- Plessey Semiconductors LtdTamerton Road RoboroughPlymouthDevonPL6 7BQUK
| | - Wooseok Song
- Thin Film Materials Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Chemical TechnologyDaejeon34114Republic of Korea
| | - Soo‐Hyun Kim
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST)50 UNIST‐gilUlju‐gunUlsan44919Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST)50 UNIST‐gilUlju‐gunUlsan44919Republic of Korea
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Varma P, Chava RK, Liu C, Kim TK, Amaranatha Reddy D. Positioning hydrogen reaction sites by constructing CdS/CoNiMoS 4 heterojunctions for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16249-16260. [PMID: 37853816 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02843g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The high gravimetric energy density of hydrogen makes it an ideal chemical fuel to address the issues of fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution. Even though transition metal sulfides (TMSs) have been extensively investigated as substitutes for noble metals, their effectiveness is still doubtful for practical applications. Herein, we introduce a facile and general strategy to fabricate heterojunctions with CdS nanorods and a multimetallic transition metal sulfide (CoNiMoS4) for enhanced photocatalytic activity. The CdS/CoNiMoS4 heterojunction will serve as a dual-function photocatalyst with enhanced visible light absorption capability offered by CdS and high charge transfer efficiency provided by CoNiMoS4 nanostructures. Moreover, CdS/CoNiMoS4 nanostructures exhibit the best photocatalytic performance to generate H2 with an amount of 31.9 mmol g-1 h-1, with a distinguished stability for over 25 h. This synthetic approach may offer a new strategy to create diverse heterojunctions with Earth-abundant multimetallic components, which may broaden their scope of application in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Varma
- Department of Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh-518008, India.
| | - Rama Krishna Chava
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunli Liu
- Department of Physics and Oxide Research Center, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 17035, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - D Amaranatha Reddy
- Department of Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh-518008, India.
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Liu W, Zhao Y, Zheng J, Jin D, Wang Y, Lian J, Yang S, Li G, Bu Y, Qiao F. Heterogeneous cobalt polysulfide leaf-like array/carbon nanofiber composites derived from zeolite imidazole framework for advanced asymmetric supercapacitors. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 606:728-735. [PMID: 34416462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Developing new electrode materials is one of the keys to improving the energy density of supercapacitors. In this article, a novel cobalt polysulfide/carbon nanofibers (C,N-CoxSy/CNF) film derived from zeolitic imidazolate framework is first prepared by a facile strategy. The composite material with two-dimensional leaf-shaped nanoarray neatly grown on the surface of carbon nanofibers is composed of CoS, CoS2, Co9S8, N-doped carbon nanosheets, and carbon nanofibers. It is found that the composite can not only increase the contact area with the electrolyte but also provide abundant redox-active sites and a Faraday capacitance for the entire electrode. The C,N-CoxSy/CNF composite exhibits excellent electrochemical properties, including a high capacity of up to 1080F g -1 at 1 A g -1 and a good rate capability (80.4 % from 1 A g -1 to 10 A g -1). A C,N-CoxSy/CNF//AC asymmetric supercapacitor device is assembled using C,N-CoxSy/CNF as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode, showing high energy density (37.29 Wh kg -1@813.6 W kg -1) and good cycle stability (90.5% of initial specific capacitance at 10 g-1 after 5000 cycles). This C,N-CoxSy/CNF composite material may also be used as a potential electrode for future lithium-ion batteries, zinc-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Liu
- School of Energy & Power Engineering, Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Energy & Power Engineering, Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Jihua Zheng
- School of Energy & Power Engineering, Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dunyuan Jin
- School of Energy & Power Engineering, Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yaqing Wang
- School of Energy & Power Engineering, Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiabiao Lian
- School of Energy & Power Engineering, Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shiliu Yang
- School of Energy & Power Engineering, Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guochun Li
- School of Energy & Power Engineering, Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yongfeng Bu
- School of Energy & Power Engineering, Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fen Qiao
- School of Energy & Power Engineering, Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Zhang D, Zhang J, Li J, Li C, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhang R. Facile synthesis of mesoporous Ni xCo 9−xS 8 hollow spheres for high-performance supercapacitors and aqueous Ni/Co–Zn batteries. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20447-20453. [PMID: 35919191 PMCID: PMC9280778 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03022e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous micro/nanostructure electrode materials have always contributed to outstanding electrochemical energy storage performances. Co9S8 is an ideal model electrode material with high theoretical specific capacity due to its intrinsic two crystallographic sites of cobalt ions. In order to improve the conductivity and specific capacitance of Co9S8, nickel ions were introduced to tune the electronic structure of Co9S8. The morphology design of the mesoporous hollow sphere structure guarantees cycle stability and ion diffusion. In this work, NixCo9−xS8 mesoporous hollow spheres were synthesized via a facile partial ion-exchange of Co9S8 mesoporous hollow spheres without using a template, boosting the capacitance to 1300 F g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1. Compared with the pure Co9S8 and Ni-Co9S8-30%, Ni-Co9S8-60% exhibited the best supercapacitor performance, which was ascribed to the maximum Ni ion doping with morphology and structure retention, enhanced conductivity and stabilization of Co3+ in the structure. Therefore, Ni/Co–Zn batteries were fabricated by using a Zn plate as the anode and Ni-Co9S8-60% as the cathode, which deliver a high energy density of 256.5 W h kg−1 at the power density of 1.69 kW kg−1. Furthermore, the Ni/Co–Zn batteries exhibit a stable cycling after 3000 repeated cycles with capacitance retention of 69% at 4 A g−1. This encouranging result might provide a new perspective to optimize Co9S8-based electrodes with superior supercapacitor and Ni/Co–Zn battery performances. Mesoporous NiCo9S8-0.6 hollow spheres as a high-performance supercapacitor and aqueous Ni/Co–Zn battery.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jingchao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Chengxiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yuting Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Renchun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
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Liu S, Wang R, Wang Q, Tian Q, Cui X. A facile synthesis of Ni 0.85Se@Cu 2-xSe nanorods as high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13543-13553. [PMID: 34505851 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02199k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal selenides are regarded as promising electrode materials due to their superior electrochemical performances for supercapacitors. In this study, a nanorod-like hybrid of Ni0.85Se@Cu2-xSe on a Ni-foam substrate is successfully synthesized via a facile one-step route. The Ni0.85Se@Cu2-xSe nanorods are found to be deposited uniformly on the Ni-form substrates. When used as a battery-type electrode in a supercapacitor, the as-deposited Ni0.85Se@Cu2-xSe electrode exhibits a high specific capacity of 1831 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 and 78.4% of capacitance retention after 8000 cycles at 10 A g-1. Moreover, the assembled Ni0.85Se@Cu2-xSe//AC asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) exhibits an energy density of 63.2 W h kg-1 at a power density of 800.1 W kg-1, as well as good cycling stability (92.1% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Liu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China.
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China.
| | - Qiuting Wang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China.
| | - Qianhong Tian
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China.
| | - Xian Cui
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China.
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Wang J, Huang Y, Han X, Zhang S, Wang M, Yan J, Chen C, Zong M. Construction of hierarchical Co 9S 8@NiO synergistic microstructure for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitor. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 603:440-449. [PMID: 34197992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) become a research hot-spot owing to their unique properties originating from the ultra-high porosity and large specific surface area with highly accessible active sites. However, the electrochemical performance of a single component is unsatisfied when MOFs are applied as electrode material in a supercapacitor. In this work, the hierarchical hollow framework involving interconnected Co9S8 structure and NiO nanosheets (Co9S8@NiO) are successfully prepared by MOFs derived methods and proposed to electrode materials. As a result, the prepared Co9S8@NiO electrode materials exhibit a superior specific capacitance of 1627 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1. Moreover, an assembled hybrid supercapacitor shows a high energy density of 51.65 Wh Kg-1 at a power density of 749.8 W Kg-1 as well as excellent long-term cycling stability with 81.79% capacity retention after 10,000 cycles. Meanwhile, we concluded that the marvelous electrochemical performance is closely associated with the unique structure of NiO, in particular, the nanosheet surface provides a superior specific surface area and rich accessible redox reaction sites, thus enlarged the contact between the surface and interface of the electrode material. Finally, two supercapacitor devices connected in series can light up four light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for about 30 min. Hence, the presented strategy represents a general route for supercapacitor electrode material with promising electrochemical performance, which can combine the MOFs template and other hierarchical nanosheets together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.
| | - Xiaopeng Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Jing Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Meng Zong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.
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Quan X, Ouyang C, Pan Y, Zhang C, Wu Z, Hong Z, Zhi M. Electrospinning metal Phosphide/Carbon nanofibers from Phytic Acid for hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:415602. [PMID: 32559752 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab9e94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a general electrospinning method to prepare various metal phosphide/carbon nanofibers composite for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts. An earth-abundant organic acid-phytic acid is successfully incorporated into a conventional electrospinning precursor as the phosphorus source, and continuous nanofibers can be obtained through spinning. After heat treatment, metal phosphide/carbon composite nanofibers can be obtained, with fine phosphide nanoparticles well dispersed on the surface of an interconnected carbon backbone network. Such fibrous structures offer fast charge transfer pathways and enlarged active surface area, which are beneficial for electrocatalysts. As a result, enhance HER catalytic activity can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Material, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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Li J, Li Q, Sun J, Ling Y, Tao K, Han L. Controlled Preparation of Hollow and Porous Co 9S 8 Microplate Arrays for High-Performance Hybrid Supercapacitors. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11174-11183. [PMID: 32702975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The design and controlled preparation of hollow and porous metal sulfide arrays are an important issue for electrochemical energy storage and conversion because of their unique structural merits including large surface areas, shortened diffusion paths, and rich reaction sites. Herein, a hollow and porous Co9S8 microplate array (MPA) was successfully fabricated by a facile self-sacrifice template strategy, which involved the uniform growth of a metal-organic framework microplate template on Ni foam (NF) and annealing in air, followed by an anion-exchange reaction with S2- ions. The resulting Co9S8-MPA/NF as a binder-free electrode for a supercapacitor shows a high specific capacitance of 1852 F g-1 (926 C g-1) at 1 A g-1 and an excellent cycling stability (86% retention after 5000 cycles at 20 A g-1). Moreover, a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) constructed with Co9S8-MPA/NF and activated carbon exhibits an outstanding energy density of 25.49 Wh kg-1 at a high power density of 800 W kg-1 and a long-term stability of 92% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at 10 A g-1. It is worth noting that the prepared all-solid-state HSC can light a red light-emitting diode for 2 min, proving to be a great practical application prospect. These excellent electrochemical behaviors show that this effective conversion strategy offers more possibilities for the development of high-performance energy storage metal sulfide materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Qin Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ling
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Kai Tao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Lei Han
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
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Liu XX, He Q, Wang Y, Wang J, Xiang Y, Blackwood DJ, Wu R, Chen JS. MOF-reinforced Co9S8 self-supported nanowire arrays for highly durable and flexible supercapacitor. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Supercritical ethanol deposition of Ni(OH)2 nanosheets on carbon cloth for flexible solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor electrode. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Liu Y, Ma Z, Niu H, Yang Q, Jia H, Shi W. MOF-derived Co9S8 polyhedrons on NiCo2S4 nanowires for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00651c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
MOF-derived Co9S8 polyhedron coating on NiCo2S4 nanowires prepared by an in situ controllable method showed superior electrochemical performance in hybrid supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenlin Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Haoting Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Qingjun Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Hong Jia
- College of Physics and Electronic Information & Henan Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Transformation and Detection
- Luoyang Normal University
- Luoyang
- China
| | - Weidong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
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