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The radiosensitizing effect of β-Thujaplicin, a tropolone derivative inducing S-phase cell cycle arrest, in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma-derived cell lines. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:700-708. [PMID: 35412173 PMCID: PMC9288374 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-022-01229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Resistance to radiotherapy is a common cause of treatment failure in advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). ß-Thujaplicin, a natural tropolone derivative, acts as an anti-cancer agent and has recently been shown to radiosensitize non-HNSCC cancer cells. However, no data is currently available on its radiosensitizing potential in HNSCC. Methods To investigate the effect of ß-Thujaplicin and irradiation in HNSCC cell lines CAL27 and FADU, we performed a cell viability assay, colony forming assay, flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis and a wound healing assay. Drug-irradiation interaction was analyzed using a zero-interaction potency model. Results Treatment with ß-Thujaplicin led to a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability and enhanced the effect of irradiation. Clonogenic survival was inhibited with synergistic drug-irradiation interaction. ß-Thujaplicin further led to S-phase arrest and increased the sub-G1 population. Moreover, combined ß-Thujaplicin and irradiation treatment had a higher anti-migratory effect compared to irradiation alone. Conclusions ß-Thujaplicin acts as a radiosensitizer in HNSCC cell lines. Further evaluation of its use in HNSCC therapy is warranted.
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Facile synthesis of 5-Isopropyl-2,3-dimethylbenzene-1,4-diol by Friedel-Crafts and Determination of Partition Coefficient in n- Octanol/Water. JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI 2022. [DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.1.7-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The wide therapeutic effect of quinone-based drugs has received considerable interest for a long time. In this research, Friedel-Crafts performed a facile synthesis of quinone derivatives using the mixture of Brønsted acid. Reflux of 2,3-dimethylhydroquinone (1), isopropanol, glacial acetic acid, and H2SO4 for 15 minutes gave yellow oil product of 5-isopropyl-2,3-dimethylbenzene-1,4-diol (2) as a major product. Characterization using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) revealed the methine proton splitting for isopropyl at δ 3.13 ppm, which has a cross-coupling with aromatic carbon at δ 119.6 ppm suggested the substitution of a proton on quinone ring with isopropyl group. Analysis Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) showed the broad spectrum of –OH, the vibration of CH sp3, and isopropyl groups. The minor products identified as 5-isopropyl-2,3-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (3), 5-isopropyl-2,3-dimethyl-1,4 phenylene diacetate (4), and 2,3-dimethylbenzene-5,6-isopropyl-1,4-diol (5) confirmed from 2D HETCOR and MS analysis. The partition coefficient (log P) of compound 2 showed a higher solubility by 1.9-fold compared to hydroquinone 1. It is suggested that an additional methyl group increased the partition into the organic phase.
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Bradley DP, O’Dea AT, Woodson ME, Li Q, Ponzar NL, Knier A, Rogers BL, Murelli RP, Tavis JE. Effects of Troponoids on Mitochondrial Function and Cytotoxicity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0161721. [PMID: 34694883 PMCID: PMC8765277 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01617-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-hydroxytropolones (αHTs) are troponoid inhibitors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication that can target HBV RNase H with submicromolar efficacies. αHTs and related troponoids (tropones and tropolones) can be cytotoxic in cell lines as measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assays that assess mitochondrial function. Previous studies suggest that tropolones induce cytotoxicity through inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. Therefore, we screened 35 diverse troponoids for effects on mitochondrial function, mitochondrial/nuclear genome ratios, cytotoxicity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Troponoids as a class did not inhibit respiration or glycolysis, although the α-ketotropolone subclass interfered with these processes. The troponoids had no impact on the mitochondrial DNA/nuclear DNA ratio after 3 days of compound exposure. The patterns of troponoid-induced cytotoxicity among three hepatic cell lines were similar for all compounds, but three potent HBV RNase H inhibitors were not cytotoxic in primary human hepatocytes. Tropolones and αHTs increased ROS production in cells at cytotoxic concentrations but had no effect at lower concentrations that efficiently inhibit HBV replication. Troponoid-mediated cytotoxicity was significantly decreased upon the addition of the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine. These studies show that troponoids can increase ROS production at high concentrations within cell lines, leading to cytotoxicity, but are not cytotoxic in primary hepatocytes. Future development of αHTs as potential therapeutics against HBV may need to mitigate ROS production by altering compound design and/or by coadministering ROS antagonists to ameliorate increased ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Bradley
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Saint Louis University Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Austin T. O’Dea
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Molly E. Woodson
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Saint Louis University Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Qilan Li
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Saint Louis University Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nathan L. Ponzar
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Saint Louis University Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alaina Knier
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Saint Louis University Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Ryan P. Murelli
- Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - John E. Tavis
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Saint Louis University Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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DeLaney C, Sheng Y, Pectol DC, Vantansever E, Zhang H, Bhuvanesh N, Salas I, Liu WR, Fierke CF, Darensbourg MY. Zinc thiotropolone combinations as inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12226-12233. [PMID: 34396374 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02499j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous organic molecules are known to inhibit the main protease of SARS-CoV-2, (SC2Mpro), a key component in viral replication of the 2019 novel coronavirus. We explore the hypothesis that zinc ions, long used as a medicinal supplement and known to support immune function, bind to the SC2Mpro enzyme in combination with lipophilic tropolone and thiotropolone ligands, L, block substrate docking, and inhibit function. This study combines synthetic inorganic chemistry, in vitro protease activity assays, and computational modeling. While the ligands themselves have half maximal inhibition concentrations, IC50, for SC2Mpro in the 8-34 μM range, the IC50 values are ca. 100 nM for Zn(NO3)2 which are further enhanced in Zn-L combinations (59-97 nM). Isolation of the Zn(L)2 binary complexes and characterization of their ability to undergo ligand displacement is the basis for computational modeling of the chemical features of the enzyme inhibition. Blind docking onto the SC2Mpro enzyme surface using a modified Autodock4 protocol found preferential binding into the active site pocket. Such Zn-L combinations orient so as to permit dative bonding of Zn(L)+ to basic active site residues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Sheng
- 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Elagawany M, Maram L, Elgendy B. Novel synthesis of benzotriazolyl alkyl esters: an unprecedented CH 2 insertion. RSC Adv 2021; 11:7564-7569. [PMID: 35423285 PMCID: PMC8694985 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10413b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a novel method for the synthesis of benzotriazolyl alkyl esters (BAEs) from N-acylbenzotriazoles and dichloromethane (DCM) under mild conditions. This reaction is one of few examples to show the use of DCM as a C-1 surrogate in carbon-heteroatom bond formation and to highlight the versatility of using DCM as a methylene building block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elagawany
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis College of Pharmacy St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University Damanhour Egypt
| | - Lingaiah Maram
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis College of Pharmacy St. Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Bahaa Elgendy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis College of Pharmacy St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University Benha 13518 Egypt
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Gusakov EA, Topchu IA, Mazitova AM, Dorogan IV, Bulatov ER, Serebriiskii IG, Abramova ZI, Tupaeva IO, Demidov OP, Toan DN, Lam TD, Bang DN, Boumber YA, Sayapin YA, Minkin VI. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-quinolyl-1,3-tropolone derivatives as new anti-cancer agents. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4555-4571. [PMID: 33996031 PMCID: PMC8121267 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10610k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropolones are promising organic compounds that can have important biologic effects. We developed a series of new 2-quinolyl-1,3-tropolones derivatives that were prepared by the acid-catalyzed reaction of 4,7-dichloro-2-methylquinolines with 1,2-benzoquinones. 2-Quinolyl-1,3-tropolones have been synthesized and tested for their anti-proliferative activity against several human cancer cell lines. Two compounds (3d and mixture B of 3i-k) showed excellent activity against six cancer cell lines of different tissue of origin. The promising compounds 3d and mixture B of 3i-k also demonstrated induction of apoptotic cell death of ovarian cancer (OVCAR-3, OVCAR-8) and colon cancer (HCT 116) cell lines and affected ERK signaling. In summary, 2-quinolyl-1,3-tropolones are promising compounds for development of effective anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy A. Gusakov
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal UniversityRostov-on-Don344090Russia
| | - Iuliia A. Topchu
- Kazan Federal UniversityKazan420008Russia
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology at the Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University303 E. Superior StreetChicagoIL60611USA
| | - Aleksandra M. Mazitova
- Kazan Federal UniversityKazan420008Russia
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of MedicineLos AngelesCA90048USA
| | - Igor V. Dorogan
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal UniversityRostov-on-Don344090Russia
| | | | - Ilya G. Serebriiskii
- Kazan Federal UniversityKazan420008Russia
- Fox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphiaPA19111USA
| | | | - Inna O. Tupaeva
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal UniversityRostov-on-Don344090Russia
| | | | - Duong Ngoc Toan
- Thai Nguyen University of Education20 Luong Ngoc QuyenThai Nguyen 24000Vietnam
| | - Tran Dai Lam
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHanoi10000Vietnam
| | - Duong Nghia Bang
- Thai Nguyen University of SciencesTan Thinh WardThai Nguyen 24000Vietnam
| | - Yanis A. Boumber
- Kazan Federal UniversityKazan420008Russia
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology at the Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University303 E. Superior StreetChicagoIL60611USA
| | - Yurii A. Sayapin
- Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of SciencesChekhov Ave., 41Rostov-on-Don344006Russia
| | - Vladimir I. Minkin
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal UniversityRostov-on-Don344090Russia
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