A novel nitrogen heterocycle platform-based highly selective and sensitive fluorescence chemosensor for the detection of Al3+ and its application in cell imaging

Recent Development on Sensing Strategies for Small Molecules Detections

Sensors play a critical role in the detection and monitoring of various substances present in our environment, providing us with valuable information about the world around us. Within the field of sensor development, one area that holds particular importance is the detection of small molecules. Small molecules encompass a wide range of organic or inorganic compounds with low molecular weight, typically below 900 Daltons including gases, volatile organic compounds, solvents, pesticides, drugs, biomarkers, toxins, and pollutants. The accurate and efficient detection of these small molecules has attracted significant interest from the scientific community due to its relevance in diverse fields such as environmental pollutants monitoring, medical diagnostics, industrial optimization, healthcare remedies, food safety, ecosystems, and aquatic and terrestrial life preservation. To meet the demand for precise and efficient monitoring of small molecules, this summary aims to provide an overview of recent advancements in sensing and quantification strategies for various organic small molecules including Hydrazine, Glucose, Morpholine, Ethanol amine, Nitrosamine, Oxygen, Nitro-aromatics, Phospholipids, Carbohydrates, Antibiotics, Pesticides, Drugs, Adenosine Triphosphate, Aromatic Amine, Glutathione, Hydrogen Peroxide, Acetone, Methyl Parathion, and Thiophenol. The focus is on understanding the receptor sensing mechanism, along with the electrical, optical, and electrochemical response. Additionally, the variations in UV-visible spectral properties of the ligands upon treatment with the receptor, fluorescence and absorption titration analysis for limit of detection (LOD) determination, and bioimaging analysis are discussed wherever applicable. It is anticipated that the information gathered from this literature survey will be helpful for the perusal of innovation regarding sensing strategies.

A new Schiff base derived from 5-(thiophene-2-yl)oxazole as "off-on-off" fluorescence sensor for monitoring indium and ferric ions sequentially and its application

A new Schiff base sensor (E)-N'-((8-hydroxy-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)methylene)-5-(thiophen-2-yl)oxazole-4-carbohydrazide (TOQ) was synthesized and found to emit yellowish green fluorescence upon introduction of In³⁺. Furthermore, the resulting complex TOQ-In³⁺ was quenched selectively by Fe³⁺. The detection limits of TOQ for In³⁺ and Fe³⁺ were 1.75 × 10^-10 M and 8.45 × 10^-9 M, respectively. The complex stoichiometry of TOQ with target ions was determined to be 1:2 via Job's plot analysis, which further was verified by ESI-MS titration and theoretical calculations. Moreover, TOQ can be used for the determination of target ions in environmental water samples. A portable paper sensor of TOQ was successfully developed for detecting In³⁺ to assess its applicability.

A new “turn-on” molecular switch for idiosyncratic detection of Al3+ ion along with its application in live cell imaging

A new highly sensitive, reversible, reusable and fluorogenic “turn-on” switch (HBTC) has been fabricated for the sole detection of Al3+.

Multi-site probe for selective turn-on fluorescent detection of Al(III) in aqueous solution: synthesis, cation binding, mode of coordination, logic gate and cell imaging

An easy to make organic probe (hereafter called as R) possessing multiple ligating sites have been synthesized and characterized using spectral techniques. The probe exhibits selective and sensitive turn-on fluorescence response with Al(III) in aqueous dimethylformamide (DMF) (1:1 v/v) solution. Fluorescence titration experiment shows that the probe binds with Al(III) with a 1:1 stoichiometry and a binding constant of 6.6 × 10⁴ M^-1.The mode of coordination of R with Al(III) has been established suing ²⁷Al and ¹H NMR studies and the results suggest formation of an octahedral complex been them. The suggested point of attachment of R with Al(III) corroborates well with Density Functional Theory (DFT) optimized structure and Mulliken charges computed. Chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) is proposed as the mechanism of enhancement of fluorescence upon addition of Al(III) to R. The probe detects Al(III) in aqueous solution with a detection limit of 0.2 μM, which is much lower than the permissible limit of Al(III) set by the World Health Organization (WHO).The probe works in a wide pH range (4-11) and thus makes it a suitable candidate for environmental and biological applications. The fluorescence signals of R were used to construct an INHIBIT molecular logic gate. The confocal fluorescence microscope experiments show that R could be employed as a fluorescent probe for detecting Al(III) in living cells.

A sensitive OFF–ON–OFF fluorescent probe for the cascade sensing of Al3+ and F− ions in aqueous media and living cells

A simple Schiff-base ligand 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde semicarbazone (HNS) was synthesized and characterized. Based on the combined effect of inhibition of CH Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019 ]]> N isomerization and chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF), HNS functions as a fluorescence “turn on” sensor for Al³⁺ in buffered aqueous media. Based on the strong affinity of Al³⁺ to F⁻ ions, the in situ generated Al³⁺–HNS complex can also be utilized as an effective chemosensor for F⁻ sensing by metal displacement approach, ensuing quenching of fluorescence by the reversible return of HNS from Al³⁺–HNS complex. Thus a method using a single probe for the detection of both Al³⁺ and F⁻ ions is developed. The system exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity for Al³⁺ and F⁻ ions and the detection limits were found to be as low as 6.75 × 10⁻⁸ M and 7.89 × 10⁻⁷ M, respectively. Furthermore, the practical applicability of this probe has been examined in living cells.

A simple Schiff-base ligand 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde semicarbazone (HNS) was synthesized and applied to the sequential sensing of Al³⁺ and F⁻ ions in aqueous media and live cells.