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Shan C, Li R, Wang X. Efficient construction of a β-naphthol library under continuous flow conditions. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2673-2677. [PMID: 38226147 PMCID: PMC10789443 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08660g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
A β-naphthol library has been efficiently constructed utilizing a mild continuous flow procedure, relying on a tandem Friedel-Crafts reaction and starting from readily available arylacetyl chloride and alkynes. Multiple functionalized β-naphthols can be acquired within 160 s in generally high yields (up to 83%). Using an electron-rich phenylacetyl chloride derivative (4-OH- or 4-MeO-) provides spirofused triene dione as the primary product. A scale-up preparation affords a throughput of 4.70 g h-1, indicating potential large-scale application. Herein, we present a rapid, reliable, and scalable method to obtain various β-naphthols in the compound library.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shan
- Heze University Heze Shandong Province 274015 China
| | - Ranran Li
- Heze University Heze Shandong Province 274015 China
| | - Xinchao Wang
- Heze University Heze Shandong Province 274015 China
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2
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Lei Z, Ang HT, Wu J. Advanced In-Line Purification Technologies in Multistep Continuous Flow Pharmaceutical Synthesis. Org Process Res Dev 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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3
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Shan C, Cao L, Yang J, Cheng R, Yao X, Liang C, Sun M, Ye J. Construction of an α-chiral pyrrolidine library with a rapid and scalable continuous flow protocol. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00145d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cost-efficient development of an α-chiral pyrrolidine library is achieved via a rapid continuous flow protocol under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shan
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liming Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiasheng Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ruihua Cheng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiantong Yao
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chaoming Liang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Maolin Sun
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinxing Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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4
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Seen SB, Gong Y, Ashton M. The application of the Fischer indole synthesis in medicinal chemistry. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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5
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Jiao J, Nie W, Yu T, Yang F, Zhang Q, Aihemaiti F, Yang T, Liu X, Wang J, Li P. Multi-Step Continuous-Flow Organic Synthesis: Opportunities and Challenges. Chemistry 2021; 27:4817-4838. [PMID: 33034923 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Continuous-flow multi-step synthesis takes the advantages of microchannel flow chemistry and may transform the conventional multi-step organic synthesis by using integrated synthetic systems. To realize the goal, however, innovative chemical methods and techniques are urgently required to meet the significant remaining challenges. In the past few years, by using green reactions, telescoped chemical design, and/or novel in-line separation techniques, major and rapid advancement has been made in this direction. This minireview summarizes the most recent reports (2017-2020) on continuous-flow synthesis of functional molecules. Notably, several complex active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) have been prepared by the continuous-flow approach. Key technologies to the successes and remaining challenges are discussed. These results exemplified the feasibility of using modern continuous-flow chemistry for complex synthetic targets, and bode well for the future development of integrated, automated artificial synthetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China.,Xian Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Wenzheng Nie
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China.,Xian Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, P. R. China
| | - Feierdaiweisi Aihemaiti
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China.,Xian Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Tingjun Yang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China.,Xian Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xuanyu Liu
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jiachen Wang
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.,Xian Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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6
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Schotten C, Leprevost SK, Yong LM, Hughes CE, Harris KDM, Browne DL. Comparison of the Thermal Stabilities of Diazonium Salts and Their Corresponding Triazenes. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Schotten
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, U.K
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, England, U.K
| | - Samy K. Leprevost
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, U.K
| | - Low Ming Yong
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, U.K
| | - Colan E. Hughes
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, U.K
| | - Kenneth D. M. Harris
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, U.K
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, U.K
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, England, U.K
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7
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Chatterjee S, Guidi M, Seeberger PH, Gilmore K. Automated radial synthesis of organic molecules. Nature 2020; 579:379-384. [PMID: 32188949 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Automated synthesis platforms accelerate and simplify the preparation of molecules by removing the physical barriers to organic synthesis. This provides unrestricted access to biopolymers and small molecules via reproducible and directly comparable chemical processes. Current automated multistep syntheses rely on either iterative1-4 or linear processes5-9, and require compromises in terms of versatility and the use of equipment. Here we report an approach towards the automated synthesis of small molecules, based on a series of continuous flow modules that are radially arranged around a central switching station. Using this approach, concise volumes can be exposed to any reaction conditions required for a desired transformation. Sequential, non-simultaneous reactions can be combined to perform multistep processes, enabling the use of variable flow rates, reuse of reactors under different conditions, and the storage of intermediates. This fully automated instrument is capable of both linear and convergent syntheses and does not require manual reconfiguration between different processes. The capabilities of this approach are demonstrated by performing optimizations and multistep syntheses of targets, varying concentrations via inline dilutions, exploring several strategies for the multistep synthesis of the anticonvulsant drug rufinamide10, synthesizing eighteen compounds of two derivative libraries that are prepared using different reaction pathways and chemistries, and using the same reagents to perform metallaphotoredox carbon-nitrogen cross-couplings11 in a photochemical module-all without instrument reconfiguration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Chatterjee
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mara Guidi
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerry Gilmore
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
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8
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Gioiello A, Piccinno A, Lozza AM, Cerra B. The Medicinal Chemistry in the Era of Machines and Automation: Recent Advances in Continuous Flow Technology. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6624-6647. [PMID: 32049517 PMCID: PMC7997576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Medicinal
chemistry plays a fundamental and underlying role in
chemical biology, pharmacology, and medicine to discover safe and
efficacious drugs. Small molecule medicinal chemistry relies on iterative
learning cycles composed of compound design, synthesis, testing, and
data analysis to provide new chemical probes and lead compounds for
novel and druggable targets. Using traditional approaches, the time
from hypothesis to obtaining the results can be protracted, thus limiting
the number of compounds that can be advanced into clinical studies.
This challenge can be tackled with the recourse of enabling technologies
that are showing great potential in improving the drug discovery process.
In this Perspective, we highlight recent developments toward innovative
medicinal chemistry strategies based on continuous flow systems coupled
with automation and bioassays. After a discussion of the aims and
concepts, we describe equipment and representative examples of automated
flow systems and end-to-end prototypes realized to expedite medicinal
chemistry discovery cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antimo Gioiello
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Advanced Synthetic Chemistry (Lab MASC), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piccinno
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Advanced Synthetic Chemistry (Lab MASC), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Lozza
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Advanced Synthetic Chemistry (Lab MASC), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Bruno Cerra
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Advanced Synthetic Chemistry (Lab MASC), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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9
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Galaverna R, McBride T, Pastre JC, Browne DL. Exploring the generation and use of acylketenes with continuous flow processes. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00072k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The generation and use of acyl ketenes under continuous flow reaction conditions is reported. Several reaction classes of these reactive intermediates have been studied. Under zero headspace conditions, a ketone exchange process is possible between volatile ketones. The process can be readily scaled to deliver gram quantities of product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Galaverna
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff CF10 3AT
- UK
- Institute of Chemistry
| | - Tom McBride
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff CF10 3AT
- UK
| | - Julio C. Pastre
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Campinas - UNICAMP
- Campinas
- Brazil
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