1
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Yi J, Dai Y, Li Y, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Jiang M, Zhou G. -COOH & -OH Condensation Reaction Utilization for Biomass FDCA-based Polyesters. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301681. [PMID: 38339820 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
A green and sustainable -COOH & -OH condensation solution polymerization method was hereby reported for FDCA-based polyesters to avoid discoloration and toxic solvents. First, taking poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) as the representative of FDCA-based polyester, enabling good white appearance PEF with Mn=6.51×103 g mol-1 from FDCA and ethylene glycol in green solvent γ-valerolactone (GVL), catalyzed by 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC). Additionally, the molecular weight of PEF was rapidly improved (Mn >2.5×104 g mol-1) via remelting polycondensation within minutes, with the dispersity still kept relatively low dispersity (Đ<1.40). Importantly, the -COOH & -OH condensation solution polymerization method was successfully applied for the synthesis of various FDCA-based polyesters, including diols with varying carbon chain lengths (3 to 11 carbons) and cycloalkyl diols, especially the applicability of this method to diols containing C=C double bonds, which was found to exhibit low heat resistance. Lastly, assisting with 13C labeled 1,4-succinic acid and in-situ 13C-NMR, an in-depth study of the possible catalytic mechanism was proposed, by which, EDC activated FDCA, and then DMAP catalyzed it with diol to yield macromolecular chain of polyester. Overall, the results provided a green and sustainable strategy for the synthesis of FDCA-based polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yi
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL 22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- School of New Energy and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Yuze Dai
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL 22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL 22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuhao Zhao
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL 22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuanpeng Wu
- School of New Energy and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL 22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Guangyuan Zhou
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL 22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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2
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Niskanen J, Mahlberg R, van Strien N, Rautiainen S, Kivilahti E, Koivuranta K, Anghelescu-Hakala A. Upcycling of Agricultural Waste Stream to High-Molecular-Weight Bio-based Poly(ethylene 2,5-furanoate). CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301551. [PMID: 38252878 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Orange peel and sugar beet pulp contain large quantities of pectin, which can be turned via galactaric acid into furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and its esters. In this work, we show the polymerisation of these FDCA esters into high-molecular-weight, 70-100 kg/mol, poly(ethylene 2,5-furanoate) (PEF). PEF is an emerging bio-based alternative for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), widely used in for example packaging applications. Closing the loop, we also demonstrated and confirmed that PEF can be hydrolysed by enzymes, which are known to hydrolyse PET, back into FDCA for convenient recycling and recovery of monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Niskanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, FI-02044, Finland
| | - Riitta Mahlberg
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, FI-02044, Finland
| | | | - Sari Rautiainen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, FI-02044, Finland
| | - Essi Kivilahti
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, FI-02044, Finland
| | - Kari Koivuranta
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, FI-02044, Finland
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3
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Zhou Q, Zhao Y, Shi Y, Zheng R, Guo L. Acidic Metal-Based Functional Ionic Liquids Catalyze the Synthesis of Bio-Based PEF Polyester. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:103. [PMID: 38201768 PMCID: PMC10780836 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Utilizing triethylenediamine (DA), 1,3-propanesultone (PS), whose ring opens during the formation of the dizwiterion-intermediate DA-2PS, and the metal chlorides XCly, where X = Sn(IV), Zn(II),Al(III), Fe(III) and Mn(II), are used for the synthesis of five kinds of acidic metal-based functionalized ionic liquid catalysts ([DA-2PS][XCly]2). Their chemical structures, thermal stability and dual acidic active site were analyzed. We investigated the performance of [DA-2PS][XCly]2 in catalyzing the esterification reaction between 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and ethylene glycol (EG) to synthesize poly (ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)(PEF). Among the catalysts tested, [DA-2PS][SnCl5]2 exhibited the best catalytic performance under identical process parameters, and the optimal catalyst dosage was determined to be 0.05 mol% based on FDCA. The optimal conditions for the reaction were predicted using response surface methodology: a feed ratio of EG:FDCA = 1.96:1, an esterification temperature of 219.86 °C, a polycondensation temperature of 240.04 °C and a polycondensation time of 6.3 h, with a intrinsic viscosity of 0.67 dL·g-1. The resulting PEF was experimentally verified to exhibit an intrinsic viscosity of 0.68 dL·g-1 and a number average molecular weight of 28,820 g·mol-1. Finally, the structure and thermal properties of PEF were characterized. The results confirmed that PEF possessed the correct structure, exhibited high thermal stability and demonstrated excellent thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liying Guo
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Liaoyang 111003, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (R.Z.)
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4
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Karlinskii BY, Ananikov VP. Recent advances in the development of green furan ring-containing polymeric materials based on renewable plant biomass. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:836-862. [PMID: 36562482 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00773h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fossil resources are rapidly depleting, forcing researchers in various fields of chemistry and materials science to switch to the use of renewable sources and the development of corresponding technologies. In this regard, the field of sustainable materials science is experiencing an extraordinary surge of interest in recent times due to the significant advances made in the development of new polymers with desired and controllable properties. This review summarizes important scientific reports in recent times dedicated to the synthesis, construction and computational studies of novel sustainable polymeric materials containing unchanged (pseudo)aromatic furan cores in their structure. Linear polymers for thermoplastics, branched polymers for thermosets and other crosslinked materials are emerging materials to highlight. Various polymer blends and composites based on sustainable polyfurans are also considered as pathways to achieve high-value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Ya Karlinskii
- Tula State University, Lenin pr. 92, Tula, 300012, Russia.,Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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5
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Yang C, Ma Z, Zhi H, Li H, Hu Y, Zhang Y. Dissolution and initial esterification kinetics of 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid in ethylene glycol without a catalyst. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong‐Sen Ma
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo People's Republic of China
| | - He‐Wen Zhi
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo People's Republic of China
| | - Ye‐Min Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Ya‐Jie Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo People's Republic of China
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6
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Fei X, Zhang X, Liu J, Wang J, Liu X. Synthesis of a fire-retardant and high Tg biobased polyester from 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00642-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Righetti MC, Vannini M, Celli A, Cangialosi D, Marega C. Bio-based semi-crystalline PEF: Temperature dependence of the constrained amorphous interphase and amorphous chain mobility in relation to crystallization. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Jalilian M, Joshi AS, Coleman MR, Kim YW, Lawrence JG. Mitigation of the Color Generated During Mechanical Recycling of PET/MXD6 blends. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Sarda P, Hanan JC, Lawrence JG, Allahkarami M. Sustainability performance of polyethylene terephthalate, clarifying challenges and opportunities. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parikshit Sarda
- Polymer Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA
| | - Jay C. Hanan
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Oklahoma State University Tulsa Oklahoma USA
| | - Joseph G. Lawrence
- Polymer Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA
| | - Masoud Allahkarami
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Oklahoma State University Tulsa Oklahoma USA
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10
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Joshi AS, Alipourasiabi N, Vinnakota K, Coleman MR, Lawrence JG. Improved polymerization and depolymerization kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate) by co-polymerization with 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid. RSC Adv 2021; 11:23506-23518. [PMID: 35479772 PMCID: PMC9036824 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04359e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), known for its clarity, food safety, toughness, and barrier properties, is a preferred polymer for rigid packaging applications. PET is also one of the most recycled polymers worldwide. In light of climate change, significant efforts are underway to improve the carbon footprint of PET by synthesizing it from bio-based feedstocks. Often times, specific applications demand PET to be copolymerized with other monomers. This work focuses on copolymerization of PET with a bio-based co-monomer, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) to produce the copolyester (PETF). We report the multifunction of FDCA to influence the esterification reaction kinetics and the depolymerization kinetics (via alkaline hydrolysis) of the copolyester PETF. NMR spectroscopy and titrimetric studies revealed that copolymerization of PET with different levels of FDCA improved the esterification reaction kinetics by enhancing the solubility of monomers. During the alkaline hydrolysis, the presence of FDCA units in the backbone almost doubled the PET conversion and monomer yield. Based on these findings, it is demonstrated that the FDCA facilitates the esterification, as well as depolymerization of PET, and potentially enables reduction of reaction temperatures or shortened reaction times to improve the carbon footprint of the PET synthesis and depolymerization process. Incorporation of the bio-based 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) in poly(ethylene terephthalate) as a copolymer (PETF) improves esterification and depolymerization kinetics due to higher solubility and acidity of FDCA in the reaction media.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup S. Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Toledo
- USA
- Polymer Institute
- University of Toledo
| | - Niloofar Alipourasiabi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Toledo
- USA
- Polymer Institute
- University of Toledo
| | - Keerthi Vinnakota
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Toledo
- USA
- Polymer Institute
- University of Toledo
| | - Maria R. Coleman
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Toledo
- USA
- Polymer Institute
- University of Toledo
| | - Joseph G. Lawrence
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Toledo
- USA
- Polymer Institute
- University of Toledo
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11
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Wang P, Linares-Pastén JA, Zhang B. Synthesis, Molecular Docking Simulation, and Enzymatic Degradation of AB-Type Indole-Based Polyesters with Improved Thermal Properties. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1078-1090. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Centre of Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Javier A. Linares-Pastén
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Baozhong Zhang
- Centre of Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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12
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Qu XL, Jiang M, Wang B, Deng J, Wang R, Zhang Q, Zhou GY, Tang J. A Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid as an Efficient and Selective Catalyst System for Bioderived High Molecular Weight Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate). CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:4927-4935. [PMID: 31482679 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201902020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Green synthesis of bioderived high-molecular-weight poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) over metal-free catalysts is a significant challenge. This study focuses on PEF prepared from ethylene glycol and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) through a direct esterification method with ecofriendly metal-free ionic liquids (ILs) as catalysts. The catalytic activities of a series of imidazolium cations in the presence of various anions are systematically investigated and found to be mainly governed by the anions. Among the ILs studied, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C2 MIM]BF4 ) is identified as the best catalyst, showing excellent catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability, even at low catalyst loadings (0.1 mol % w.r.t. FDCA). Optimization of the polymerization parameters enables [C2 MIM]BF4 -catalyzed production of PEF with a high number-average molecular weight (Mn =5.25×104 g mol-1 ). The relationship between Brønsted acidity and catalytic activity is also investigated and the results show that the trend in catalytic activity is in good agreement with that in Brønsted acidity, as determined by the Hammett method. Additionally, on the basis of experimental results and density functional theory calculations, an electrophilic activation mechanism induced by hydrogen bonds is proposed. This strategy of adjustable acidity and anion structure in ILs provides an opportunity to develop other ILs for bio-based polyesters through green synthesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Qu
- Jilin University, JieFang Street 2519, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Street 96, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Jin Deng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Street 96, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Guang-Yuan Zhou
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Jilin University, JieFang Street 2519, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
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13
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Arza C, Zhang B. Synthesis, Thermal Properties, and Rheological Characteristics of Indole-Based Aromatic Polyesters. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15012-15021. [PMID: 31552343 PMCID: PMC6751728 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is an intensive development of bio-based aromatic building blocks to replace fossil-based terephthalates used for poly(ethylene terephthalate) production. Indole is a ubiquitous aromatic unit in nature, which has great potential as a bio-based feedstock for polymers or plastics. In this study, we describe the synthesis and characterization of new indole-based dicarboxylate monomers with only aromatic ester bonds, which can improve the thermal stability and glass-transition temperature (T g) of the resulting polyesters. The new dicarboxylate monomers were polymerized with five aliphatic diols to yield 10 new polyesters with tunable chemical structures and physical properties. Particularly, the T g values of the obtained polyesters can be as high as 113 °C, as indicated by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. The polyesters showed decent thermal stability and distinct flow transitions as revealed by thermogravimetric analysis and rheology measurements.
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14
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Banella MB, Bonucci J, Vannini M, Marchese P, Lorenzetti C, Celli A. Insights into the Synthesis of Poly(ethylene 2,5-Furandicarboxylate) from 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid: Steps toward Environmental and Food Safety Excellence in Packaging Applications. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Barbara Banella
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jacopo Bonucci
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Micaela Vannini
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Marchese
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cesare Lorenzetti
- Tetra Pak Packaging Solutions AB, Ruben Rausing Gata, SE-221 86 Lund, Sweden
| | - Annamaria Celli
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
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