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Sáenz C, Hernández B, Sanz-Carrillo D, Pellejero I, Gandía LM. High power illumination system for uniform, isotropic and real time controlled irradiance in photoactivated processes research. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31309. [PMID: 38831820 PMCID: PMC11145495 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the study of photocatalytic and photoactivated processes and devices a tight control on the illumination conditions is mandatory. The practical challenges in the determination of the necessary photonic quantities pose serious difficulties in the characterization of catalytic performance and reactor designs and configurations, compromising an effective comparison between different experiments. To overcome these limitations, we have designed and constructed a new illumination system based in the concept of the integrating sphere (IS). The system provides uniform and isotropic illumination on the sample, either in batch or continuous flow modes, being these characteristics independent of the sample geometry. It allows direct, non-contact and real time determination of the photonic quantities as well as versatile control on the irradiance values and its spectral characteristics. It can be also scaled up to admit samples of different sizes without affecting its operational behaviour. The performance of the IS system has been determined in comparison with a second illumination system, mounted on an optical bench, that provides quasi-parallel beam (QPB) nearly uniform illumination in tightly controlled conditions. System performance is studied using three sample geometries: a standard quartz cuvette, a thin straight tube and a microreactor by means of potassium ferrioxalate actinometry. Results indicate that the illumination geometry and the angular distribution of the incoming light greatly affect the absorption at the sample. The sample light absorption efficiency can be obtained with statistical uncertainties of about 3% and in very good agreement with theoretical estimations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sáenz
- Department of Science, Public University of Navarre, Campus Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT), Public University of Navarre, Campus Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Begoña Hernández
- Department of Science, Public University of Navarre, Campus Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT), Public University of Navarre, Campus Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Diego Sanz-Carrillo
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT), Public University of Navarre, Campus Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ismael Pellejero
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT), Public University of Navarre, Campus Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis M. Gandía
- Department of Science, Public University of Navarre, Campus Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT), Public University of Navarre, Campus Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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2
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Loh JYY, Wang A, Mohan A, Tountas AA, Gouda AM, Tavasoli A, Ozin GA. Leave No Photon Behind: Artificial Intelligence in Multiscale Physics of Photocatalyst and Photoreactor Design. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306604. [PMID: 38477404 PMCID: PMC11095204 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Although solar fuels photocatalysis offers the promise of converting carbon dioxide directly with sunlight as commercially scalable solutions have remained elusive over the past few decades, despite significant advancements in photocatalysis band-gap engineering and atomic site activity. The primary challenge lies not in the discovery of new catalyst materials, which are abundant, but in overcoming the bottlenecks related to material-photoreactor synergy. These factors include achieving photogeneration and charge-carrier recombination at reactive sites, utilizing high mass transfer efficiency supports, maximizing solar collection, and achieving uniform light distribution within a reactor. Addressing this multi-dimensional problem necessitates harnessing machine learning techniques to analyze real-world data from photoreactors and material properties. In this perspective, the challenges are outlined associated with each bottleneck factor, review relevant data analysis studies, and assess the requirements for developing a comprehensive solution that can unlock the full potential of solar fuels photocatalysis technology. Physics-informed machine learning (or Physics Neural Networks) may be the key to advancing this important area from disparate data towards optimal reactor solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Yi Yang Loh
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
- The Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringThe Photon Science InstituteAlan Turing Building, Oxford RdManchesterM13 9PYUK
| | - Andrew Wang
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
| | - Abhinav Mohan
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
- The Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry200 College St, TorontoOntarioM5S 3E5Canada
| | - Athanasios A. Tountas
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
- The Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry200 College St, TorontoOntarioM5S 3E5Canada
| | - Abdelaziz M. Gouda
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
| | - Alexandra Tavasoli
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
- The Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of British Columbia6250 Applied Science Ln #2054VancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
| | - Geoffrey A. Ozin
- Solar Fuels Group, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3H6Canada
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Reddick C, Casado C, Reynolds K, Stanley S, Pablos C, Marugán J. Evaluation of the uniformity of UVA LED illumination on flat surfaces: Discrete ordinate method, single axis, and surface scanning radiometry. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16557. [PMID: 37251462 PMCID: PMC10220407 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Uniform illumination from UVA LED lamps is a crucial design characteristic for a range of industries including photocatalytic applications. In this work, radiometry and the discrete ordinate method (DOM) are used to determine the ideal target surface size and working distance from a UVA LED lamp for highly uniform illumination. Horizontal incident radiation and full surface incident radiation measurements were conducted using a scanning radiometry technique. It is shown that horizontal incident and full surface incident radiation measurements show good agreement for uniformity measurements over a range of working distances, with maximum uniformity (2.6% and 3.6% standard deviation respectively) over the measured range found at 15 mm working distance. DOM simulation results showed good agreement with radiometry for power and incident radiation measurements, whilst indicating a maximum uniformity at 20 mm working distance. These results demonstrate that DOM simulations can be used as a fast, low cost, and reliable indication of surface uniformity, peak surface irradiance, and power measurements in the design of UV lamps for industrial and academic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Reddick
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán S/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
- ProPhotonix IRL LTD, 3020 Euro Business Park, Little Island, Cork, T45 X211, Ireland
| | - Cintia Casado
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán S/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ken Reynolds
- ProPhotonix IRL LTD, 3020 Euro Business Park, Little Island, Cork, T45 X211, Ireland
| | - Simon Stanley
- ProPhotonix IRL LTD, 3020 Euro Business Park, Little Island, Cork, T45 X211, Ireland
| | - Cristina Pablos
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán S/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Marugán
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán S/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Buglioni L, Raymenants F, Slattery A, Zondag SDA, Noël T. Technological Innovations in Photochemistry for Organic Synthesis: Flow Chemistry, High-Throughput Experimentation, Scale-up, and Photoelectrochemistry. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2752-2906. [PMID: 34375082 PMCID: PMC8796205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced chemical transformations have received in recent years a tremendous amount of attention, providing a plethora of opportunities to synthetic organic chemists. However, performing a photochemical transformation can be quite a challenge because of various issues related to the delivery of photons. These challenges have barred the widespread adoption of photochemical steps in the chemical industry. However, in the past decade, several technological innovations have led to more reproducible, selective, and scalable photoinduced reactions. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of these exciting technological advances, including flow chemistry, high-throughput experimentation, reactor design and scale-up, and the combination of photo- and electro-chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buglioni
- Micro
Flow Chemistry and Synthetic Methodology, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Het Kranenveld, Bldg 14—Helix, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Raymenants
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aidan Slattery
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan D. A. Zondag
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Shukla K, Agarwalla S, Duraiswamy S, Gupta RK. Recent advances in heterogeneous micro-photoreactors for wastewater treatment application. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Sender M, Ziegenbalg D. Radiometric measurement techniques for in-depth characterization of photoreactors – part 2: 3 dimensional and integral radiometry. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00457j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The development and potentials of a three-dimensionally resolving radiometric scanning method, complemented by integrating sphere measurements are presented for the evaluation of the radiation field of photoreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Sender
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Dirk Ziegenbalg
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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7
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Sender M, Wriedt B, Ziegenbalg D. Radiometric measurement techniques for in-depth characterization of photoreactors – part 1: 2 dimensional radiometry. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00456a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A spatially resolving radiometric scanning method for the evaluation of the radiation field of photoreactors is presented, allowing for a knowledge driven development of highly efficient photoreactors and scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Sender
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wriedt
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Dirk Ziegenbalg
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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8
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Kayahan E, Jacobs M, Braeken L, Thomassen LC, Kuhn S, van Gerven T, Leblebici ME. Dawn of a new era in industrial photochemistry: the scale-up of micro- and mesostructured photoreactors. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2484-2504. [PMID: 33093928 PMCID: PMC7554662 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Photochemical activation routes are gaining the attention of the scientific community since they can offer an alternative to the traditional chemical industry that mainly utilizes thermochemical activation of molecules. Photoreactions are fast and selective, which would potentially reduce the downstream costs significantly if the process is optimized properly. With the transition towards green chemistry, the traditional batch photoreactor operation is becoming abundant in this field. Process intensification efforts led to micro- and mesostructured flow photoreactors. In this work, we are reviewing structured photoreactors by elaborating on the bottleneck of this field: the development of an efficient scale-up strategy. In line with this, micro- and mesostructured bench-scale photoreactors were evaluated based on a new benchmark called photochemical space time yield (mol·day−1·kW−1), which takes into account the energy efficiency of the photoreactors. It was manifested that along with the selection of the photoreactor dimensions and an appropriate light source, optimization of the process conditions, such as the residence time and the concentration of the photoactive molecule is also crucial for an efficient photoreactor operation. In this paper, we are aiming to give a comprehensive understanding for scale-up strategies by benchmarking selected photoreactors and by discussing transport phenomena in several other photoreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Kayahan
- Center for Industrial Process Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Mathias Jacobs
- Center for Industrial Process Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Leen Braeken
- Center for Industrial Process Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Cj Thomassen
- Center for Industrial Process Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon Kuhn
- Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom van Gerven
- Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Enis Leblebici
- Center for Industrial Process Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Roibu A, Horn CR, Van Gerven T, Kuhn S. Photon Transport and Hydrodynamics in Gas‐Liquid Flow Part 2: Characterization of Bubbly Flow in an Advanced‐Flow Reactor. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anca Roibu
- KU Leuven Department of Chemical Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Clemens R. Horn
- Corning European Technology Center Corning S.A.S 7 bis avenue de Valvins CS 70156 Samois sur Seine, Avon France
| | - Tom Van Gerven
- KU Leuven Department of Chemical Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Simon Kuhn
- KU Leuven Department of Chemical Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
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10
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Homsirikamol C, Suvanasuthi S, Viravaidya-Pasuwat K. Validation of uniformity-optimized irradiance distribution on a well-plate platform from a light-emitting-diode array. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:6168-6180. [PMID: 32672765 DOI: 10.1364/ao.392126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The computational optimization of irradiance distribution uniformity has been conducted in several studies to obtain the evenness of photoresponses on an irradiated surface using light-emitting-diode (LED) arrays. However, there has been little discussion on the precision of predictive simulations. This study aims to validate the simulated irradiance predicted by a mathematical model on the working area of a six-well plate and investigate the spatial consistency of the photobleaching of methylene blue and IR-820 photosensitizers on the bottom of the different wells illuminated by using the local-search-optimized LED configurations. The validation signified the negative deviation of both the measured irradiance and irradiance uniformity as compared to the simulated data. Despite the coefficients of variation observed as low as 1.9% and 7.4% for red-light and infrared irradiance, respectively, the photobleaching responses were found to be spatially diverse. The implications of this study are opportunities for further enhancements to the predictability of the simulations for the design of prospective illumination setups.
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11
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Roibu A, Van Gerven T, Kuhn S. Photon Transport and Hydrodynamics in Gas‐Liquid Flows Part 1: Characterization of Taylor Flow in a Photo Microreactor. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anca Roibu
- KU Leuven Department of Chemical Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Tom Van Gerven
- KU Leuven Department of Chemical Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Simon Kuhn
- KU Leuven Department of Chemical Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
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12
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Steiner A, Roth PMC, Strauss FJ, Gauron G, Tekautz G, Winter M, Williams JD, Kappe CO. Multikilogram per Hour Continuous Photochemical Benzylic Brominations Applying a Smart Dimensioning Scale-up Strategy. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Steiner
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Philippe M. C. Roth
- Corning Reactor Technologies, Corning SAS, 7 bis Avenue de Valvins, CS 70156 Samois sur Seine, 77215 Avon Cedex, France
| | - Franz J. Strauss
- Microinnova Engineering GmbH, Europapark 1, 8412 Allerheiligen bei Wildon, Austria
| | - Guillaume Gauron
- Corning Reactor Technologies, Corning SAS, 7 bis Avenue de Valvins, CS 70156 Samois sur Seine, 77215 Avon Cedex, France
| | - Günter Tekautz
- Microinnova Engineering GmbH, Europapark 1, 8412 Allerheiligen bei Wildon, Austria
| | - Marc Winter
- Corning Reactor Technologies, Corning SAS, 7 bis Avenue de Valvins, CS 70156 Samois sur Seine, 77215 Avon Cedex, France
| | - Jason D. Williams
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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13
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Chen Y, Zhang J, Tang Z, Sun Y. Visible light catalyzed anti-markovnikov hydration of styrene to 2-phenylethanol: From batch to continuous. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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Tiwari CP, Delgado-Licona F, Valencia-Llompart M, Nuñez-Correa S, Nigam KD, Montesinos-Castellanos A, López-Guajardo EA, Aguirre-Soto A. Shining Light on the Coiled-Flow Inverter—Continuous-Flow Photochemistry in a Static Mixer. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay P. Tiwari
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64849, Mexico
| | - Fernando Delgado-Licona
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64849, Mexico
| | - María Valencia-Llompart
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64849, Mexico
| | - Sara Nuñez-Correa
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64849, Mexico
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad Veracruzana, Coatzaocalcos, Veracruz 96538, Mexico
| | - Krishna D.P. Nigam
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64849, Mexico
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | | | | | - Alan Aguirre-Soto
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64849, Mexico
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15
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Shen C, Shang M, Zhang H, Su Y. A UV‐LEDs based photomicroreactor for mechanistic insights and kinetic studies in the norbornadiene photoisomerization. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Minjing Shang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhai Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education) Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
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16
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Haas CP, Roider T, Hoffmann RW, Tallarek U. Light as a reaction parameter – systematic wavelength screening in photochemical synthesis. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00339h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Systematic wavelength screening with 16 LED arrays in a continuous-flow photoreactor revealed different reaction channels for the perfluoroalkylation of 2-methylindole, which were transferred into independent synthetic routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P. Haas
- Department of Chemistry
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Thomas Roider
- Department of Chemistry
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Tallarek
- Department of Chemistry
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
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