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Han J, Bjerregaard JD, Grönbeck H, Creaser D, Olsson L. Effect of SO 2 and SO 3 Exposure to Cu-CHA on Surface Nitrate and N 2O Formation for NH 3-SCR. ACS ENGINEERING AU 2024; 4:405-421. [PMID: 39185390 PMCID: PMC11342297 DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.4c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
We report effects of SO2 and SO3 exposure on ammonium nitrate (AN) and N2O formation in Cu-CHA used for NH3-SCR. First-principles calculations and several characterizations (ICP, BET, XRD, UV-vis-DRS) were applied to characterize the Cu-CHA material and speciation of sulfur species. The first-principles calculations demonstrate that the SO2 exposure results in both (bi)sulfite and (bi)sulfate whereas the SO3 exposure yields only (bi)sulfate. Furthermore, SOx adsorption on framework-bound dicopper species is shown to be favored with respect to adsorption onto framework-bound monocopper species. Temperature-programmed reduction with H2 shows two clear reduction states and larger sulfur uptake for the SO3-exposed Cu-CHA compared to the SO2-exposed counterpart. Temperature-programmed desorption of formed ammonium nitrate (AN) highlights a significant decrease in nitrate storage due to sulfur species interacting with copper sites in the form of ammonium/copper (bi)bisulfite/sulfate. Especially, highly stable sulfur species from SO3 exposure influence the NO2-SCR chemistry by decreasing the N2O selectivity during NH3-SCR whereas an increased N2O selectivity was observed for the SO2-exposed Cu-CHA sample. This study provides fundamental insights into how SO2 and SO3 affect the N2O formation during ammonium nitrate decomposition in NH3-SCR applications, which is a very important topic for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonsoo Han
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 41296, Sweden
| | - Joachim D. Bjerregaard
- Department
of Physics and Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 41296, Sweden
| | - Henrik Grönbeck
- Department
of Physics and Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 41296, Sweden
| | - Derek Creaser
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 41296, Sweden
| | - Louise Olsson
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 41296, Sweden
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2
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Research Progress on Sulfur Deactivation and Regeneration over Cu-CHA Zeolite Catalyst. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Benefiting from the exceptional selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia (NH3-SCR) activity, excellent N2 selectivity, and superior hydrothermal durability, the Cu2+-exchanged zeolite catalyst with a chabazite structure (Cu-CHA) has been considered the predominant SCR catalyst in nitrogen oxide (NOx) abatement. However, sulfur poisoning remains one of the most significant deterrents to the catalyst in real applications. This review summarizes the NH3-SCR reaction mechanism on Cu-CHA, including the active sites and the nature of hydrothermal aging resistance. On the basis of the NH3-SCR reaction mechanism, the review gives a comprehensive summary of sulfate species, sulfate loading, emitted gaseous composition, and the impact of exposure temperature/time on Cu-CHA. The nature of the regeneration of sulfated catalysts is also covered in this review. The review gives a valuable summary of new insights into the matching between the design of NH3-SCR activity and sulfur resistance, highlighting the opportunities and challenges presented by Cu-CHA. Guidance for future sulfur poisoning diagnosis, effective regeneration strategies, and a design for an efficient catalyst for the aftertreatment system (ATS) are proposed to minimize the deterioration of NOx abatement in the future. Finally, we call for more attention to be paid to the effects of PO43- and metal co-cations with sulfur in the ATS.
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3
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Wu Y, Ma Y, Wang Y, Rappé KG, Washton NM, Wang Y, Walter ED, Gao F. Rate Controlling in Low-Temperature Standard NH 3-SCR: Implications from Operando EPR Spectroscopy and Reaction Kinetics. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9734-9746. [PMID: 35605129 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of seven Cu/SSZ-13 catalysts with Si/Al = 6.7 are used to elucidate key rate-controlling factors during low-temperature standard ammonia-selective catalytic reduction (NH3-SCR), via a combination of SCR kinetics and operando electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Strong Cu-loading-dependent kinetics, with Cu atomic efficiency increasing nearly by an order of magnitude, is found when per chabazite cage occupancy for Cu ion increases from ∼0.04 to ∼0.3. This is due mainly to the release of intercage Cu transfer constraints that facilitates the redox chemistry, as evidenced from detailed Arrhenius analysis. Operando EPR spectroscopy studies reveal strong connectivity between Cu-ion dynamics and SCR kinetics, based on which it is concluded that under low-temperature steady-state SCR, kinetically most relevant Cu species are those with the highest intercage mobility. Transient binuclear Cu species are mechanistically relevant species, but their splitting and cohabitation are indispensable for low-temperature kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Wu
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Yue Ma
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Yilin Wang
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Kenneth G Rappé
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Nancy M Washton
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| | - Eric D Walter
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Feng Gao
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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4
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Gramigni F, Nasello ND, Usberti N, Iacobone U, Selleri T, Hu W, Liu S, Gao X, Nova I, Tronconi E. Transient Kinetic Analysis of Low-Temperature NH 3-SCR over Cu-CHA Catalysts Reveals a Quadratic Dependence of Cu Reduction Rates on Cu II. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Gramigni
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Nicole Daniela Nasello
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Usberti
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Umberto Iacobone
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Tommaso Selleri
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Wenshuo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Isabella Nova
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Enrico Tronconi
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italy
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Dahlin S, Englund J, Malm H, Feigel M, Westerberg B, Regali F, Skoglundh M, Pettersson LJ. Effect of biofuel- and lube oil-originated sulfur and phosphorus on the performance of Cu-SSZ-13 and V2O5-WO3/TiO2 SCR catalysts. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Actis A, Salvadori E, Chiesa M. Framework coordination of single-ion Cu 2+ sites in hydrated 17O-ZSM-5 zeolite. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00838b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interfacial coordination chemistry of water solvated single Cu2+ sites in ZSM-5 is assessed through pulsed EPR spectroscopy and selective 17O isotopic labelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Actis
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre
- University of Torino
- 10125 Torino
- Italy
| | - Enrico Salvadori
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre
- University of Torino
- 10125 Torino
- Italy
| | - Mario Chiesa
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre
- University of Torino
- 10125 Torino
- Italy
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Mesilov V, Dahlin S, Bergman SL, Hammershøi PS, Xi S, Pettersson LJ, Bernasek SL. Insights into sulfur poisoning and regeneration of Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts: in situ Cu and S K-edge XAS studies. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00975c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The temperature during sulfur poisoning affects the relation between total sulfur content and the fraction of sulfur-free copper in poisoned and regenerated Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Mesilov
- Science Division
- Yale-NUS College
- Singapore 138527
- Singapore
| | - Sandra Dahlin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Stockholm 10044
- Sweden
- Scania CV AB
| | | | | | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences
- A*STAR
- Singapore 627833
- Singapore
| | - Lars J. Pettersson
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Stockholm 10044
- Sweden
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