1
|
Yonge A, Gusmão GS, Fushimi R, Medford AJ. Model-Based Design of Experiments for Temporal Analysis of Products (TAP): A Simulated Case Study in Oxidative Propane Dehydrogenation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2024; 63:4756-4770. [PMID: 38525291 PMCID: PMC10958505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c03418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Temporal analysis of products (TAP) reactors enable experiments that probe numerous kinetic processes within a single set of experimental data through variations in pulse intensity, delay, or temperature. Selecting additional TAP experiments often involves an arbitrary selection of reaction conditions or the use of chemical intuition. To make experiment selection in TAP more robust, we explore the efficacy of model-based design of experiments (MBDoE) for precision in TAP reactor kinetic modeling. We successfully applied this approach to a case study of synthetic oxidative propane dehydrogenation (OPDH) that involves pulses of propane and oxygen. We found that experiments identified as optimal through the MBDoE for precision generally reduce parameter uncertainties to a higher degree than alternative experiments. The performance of MBDoE for model divergence was also explored for OPDH, with the relevant active sites (catalyst structure) being unknown. An experiment that maximized the divergence between the three proposed mechanisms was identified and provided evidence that improved the mechanism discrimination. However, reoptimization of kinetic parameters eliminated the ability to discriminate between models. The findings yield insight into the prospects and limitations of MBDoE for TAP and transient kinetic experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Yonge
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Gabriel S. Gusmão
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Rebecca Fushimi
- Catalysis
and Transient Kinetics Group, Idaho National
Laboratory, Idaho
Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - Andrew J. Medford
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lennon G, Dingwall P. Enabling High Throughput Kinetic Experimentation by Using Flow as a Differential Kinetic Technique. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318146. [PMID: 38078481 PMCID: PMC10952970 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic data is most commonly collected through the generation of time-series data under either batch or flow conditions. Existing methods to generate kinetic data in flow collect integral data (concentration over time) only. Here, we report a method for the rapid and direct collection of differential kinetic data (direct measurement of rate) in flow by performing a series of instantaneous rate measurements on sequential small-scale reactions. This technique decouples the time required to generate a full kinetic profile from the time required for a reaction to reach completion, enabling high throughput kinetic experimentation. In addition, comparison of kinetic profiles constructed at different residence times allows the robustness, or stability, of homogeneously catalysed reactions to be interrogated. This approach makes use of a segmented flow platform which was shown to quantitatively reproduce batch kinetic data. The proline mediated aldol reaction was chosen as a model reaction to perform a high throughput kinetic screen of 216 kinetic profiles in 90 hours, one every 25 minutes, which would have taken an estimated continuous 3500 hours in batch, an almost 40-fold increase in experimental throughput matched by a corresponding reduction in material consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Lennon
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQueen's University BelfastDavid Keir Building, Stranmillis RoadBelfastBT9 5AGUK
| | - Paul Dingwall
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQueen's University BelfastDavid Keir Building, Stranmillis RoadBelfastBT9 5AGUK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Folch JP, Lee RM, Shafei B, Walz D, Tsay C, van der Wilk M, Misener R. Combining multi-fidelity modelling and asynchronous batch Bayesian Optimization. Comput Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2023.108194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
|
4
|
Quilló GL, Bhonsale S, Collas A, Xiouras C, Van Impe JF. Iterative Model-Based Optimal Experimental Design for Mixture-Process Variable Models to Predict Solubility. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
5
|
Kinetic study on the reaction routes in the oxidation of K/A oil by nitric acid with microreactors. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
6
|
Wang J, Dowling AW. Pyomo.
DOE
: An
Open‐Source
Package for
Model‐Based
Design of Experiments in Python. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN
| | - Alexander W. Dowling
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bennett JA, Abolhasani M. Autonomous chemical science and engineering enabled by self-driving laboratories. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2022.100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
8
|
Yano J, Gaffney KJ, Gregoire J, Hung L, Ourmazd A, Schrier J, Sethian JA, Toma FM. The case for data science in experimental chemistry: examples and recommendations. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:357-370. [PMID: 37117931 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The physical sciences community is increasingly taking advantage of the possibilities offered by modern data science to solve problems in experimental chemistry and potentially to change the way we design, conduct and understand results from experiments. Successfully exploiting these opportunities involves considerable challenges. In this Expert Recommendation, we focus on experimental co-design and its importance to experimental chemistry. We provide examples of how data science is changing the way we conduct experiments, and we outline opportunities for further integration of data science and experimental chemistry to advance these fields. Our recommendations include establishing stronger links between chemists and data scientists; developing chemistry-specific data science methods; integrating algorithms, software and hardware to 'co-design' chemistry experiments from inception; and combining diverse and disparate data sources into a data network for chemistry research.
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Ke J, Gao C, Folgueiras-Amador AA, Jolley KE, de Frutos O, Mateos C, Rincón JA, Brown RCD, Poliakoff M, George MW. Self-Optimization of Continuous Flow Electrochemical Synthesis Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 76:38-50. [PMID: 34911387 DOI: 10.1177/00037028211059848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A continuous-flow electrochemical synthesis platform has been developed to enable self-optimization of reaction conditions of organic electrochemical reactions using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) and gas chromatography (GC) as online real-time monitoring techniques. We have overcome the challenges in using ATR FT-IR as the downstream analytical methods imposed when a large amount of hydrogen gas is produced from the counter electrode by designing two types of gas-liquid separators (GLS) for analysis of the product mixture flowing from the electrochemical reactor. In particular, we report an integrated GLS with an ATR FT-IR probe at the reactor outlet to give a facile and low-cost solution to determining the concentrations of products in gas-liquid two-phase flow. This approach provides a reliable method for quantifying low-volatile analytes, which can be problematic to be monitored by GC. Two electrochemical reactions the methoxylation of 1-formylpyrrolidine and the oxidation of 3-bromobenzyl alcohol were investigated to demonstrate that the optimal conditions can be located within the pre-defined multi-dimensional reaction parameter spaces without intervention of the operator by using the stable noisy optimization by branch and FIT (SNOBFIT) algorithm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ke
- School of Chemistry, 6123University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chuang Gao
- School of Chemistry, 6123University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
| | | | - Katherine E Jolley
- School of Chemistry, 6123University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Oscar de Frutos
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Alcobendas-Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Mateos
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Alcobendas-Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Rincón
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A., Alcobendas-Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Martyn Poliakoff
- School of Chemistry, 6123University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Michael W George
- School of Chemistry, 6123University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen J, Xie X, Liu J, Yu Z, Su W. Revisiting aromatic diazotization and aryl diazonium salts in continuous flow: highlighted research during 2001–2021. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00001f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aryl diazonium salts play an important role in chemical transformations; however their explosive nature limits their applications in batch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jiming Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqun Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Taylor CJ, Manson JA, Clemens G, Taylor BA, Chamberlain TW, Bourne RA. Modern advancements in continuous-flow aided kinetic analysis. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00467k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although kinetic analysis has traditionally been conducted in a batch vessel, continuous-flow aided kinetic analysis continues to swell in popularity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Connor J. Taylor
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jamie A. Manson
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Graeme Clemens
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Brian A. Taylor
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Thomas W. Chamberlain
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Richard A. Bourne
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
3D printed ceramics as solid supports for enzyme immobilization: an automated DoE approach for applications in continuous flow. J Flow Chem 2021; 11:675-689. [PMID: 34745652 PMCID: PMC8563604 DOI: 10.1007/s41981-021-00163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, 3D printing has emerged in the field of chemical engineering as a powerful manufacturing technique to rapidly design and produce tailor-made reaction equipment. In fact, reactors with complex internal geometries can be easily fabricated, optimized and interchanged in order to respond to precise process needs, such as improved mixing and increased surface area. These advantages make them interesting especially for catalytic applications, since customized structured bed reactors can be easily produced. 3D printing applications are not limited to reactor design, it is also possible to realize functional low cost alternatives to analytical equipment that can be used to increase the level of process understanding while keeping the investment costs low. In this work, in-house designed ceramic structured inserts printed via vat photopolymerization (VPP) are presented and characterized. The flow behavior inside these inserts was determined with residence time distribution (RTD) experiments enabled by in-house designed and 3D printed inline photometric flow cells. As a proof of concept, these structured inserts were fitted in an HPLC column to serve as solid inorganic supports for the immobilization of the enzyme Phenolic acid Decarboxylase (bsPAD), which catalyzes the decarboxylation of cinnamic acids. The conversion of coumaric acid to vinylphenol was chosen as a model system to prove the implementation of these engineered inserts in a continuous biocatalytic application with high product yield and process stability. The setup was further automated in order to quickly identify the optimum operating conditions via a Design of Experiments (DoE) approach. The use of a systematic optimization, together with the adaptability of 3D printed equipment to the process requirements, render the presented approach highly promising for a more feasible implementation of biocatalysts in continuous industrial processes. Graphical abstract. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41981-021-00163-4.
Collapse
|
14
|
Continuous hydrogenation of halogenated nitroaromatic compounds in a micropacked bed reactor. J Flow Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-021-00200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
15
|
Taylor CJ, Seki H, Dannheim FM, Willis MJ, Clemens G, Taylor BA, Chamberlain TW, Bourne RA. An automated computational approach to kinetic model discrimination and parameter estimation. REACT CHEM ENG 2021; 6:1404-1411. [PMID: 34354841 PMCID: PMC8315272 DOI: 10.1039/d1re00098e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We herein report experimental applications of a novel, automated computational approach to chemical reaction network (CRN) identification. This report shows the first chemical applications of an autonomous tool to identify the kinetic model and parameters of a process, when considering both catalytic species and various integer and non-integer orders in the model's rate laws. This kinetic analysis methodology requires only the input of the species within the chemical system (starting materials, intermediates, products, etc.) and corresponding time-series concentration data to determine the kinetic information of the chemistry of interest. This is performed with minimal human interaction and several case studies were performed to show the wide scope and applicability of this process development tool. The approach described herein can be employed using experimental data from any source and the code for this methodology is also provided open-source. We herein report experimental applications of a novel, automated computational approach to chemical reaction network (CRN) identification.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Connor J Taylor
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Hikaru Seki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | | | - Mark J Willis
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Graeme Clemens
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca Macclesfield UK
| | - Brian A Taylor
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca Macclesfield UK
| | - Thomas W Chamberlain
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Richard A Bourne
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Breen CP, Nambiar AM, Jamison TF, Jensen KF. Ready, Set, Flow! Automated Continuous Synthesis and Optimization. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
17
|
Sagmeister P, Lebl R, Castillo I, Rehrl J, Kruisz J, Sipek M, Horn M, Sacher S, Cantillo D, Williams JD, Kappe CO. Advanced Real-Time Process Analytics for Multistep Synthesis in Continuous Flow*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8139-8148. [PMID: 33433918 PMCID: PMC8048486 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In multistep continuous flow chemistry, studying complex reaction mixtures in real time is a significant challenge, but provides an opportunity to enhance reaction understanding and control. We report the integration of four complementary process analytical technology tools (NMR, UV/Vis, IR and UHPLC) in the multistep synthesis of an active pharmaceutical ingredient, mesalazine. This synthetic route exploits flow processing for nitration, high temperature hydrolysis and hydrogenation reactions, as well as three inline separations. Advanced data analysis models were developed (indirect hard modeling, deep learning and partial least squares regression), to quantify the desired products, intermediates and impurities in real time, at multiple points along the synthetic pathway. The capabilities of the system have been demonstrated by operating both steady state and dynamic experiments and represents a significant step forward in data-driven continuous flow synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sagmeister
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW)Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE)Inffeldgasse 138010GrazAustria
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - René Lebl
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW)Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE)Inffeldgasse 138010GrazAustria
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Ismael Castillo
- Institute of Automation and ControlGraz University of TechnologyInffeldgasse 21b8010GrazAustria
| | - Jakob Rehrl
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE)Inffeldgasse 138010GrazAustria
| | - Julia Kruisz
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE)Inffeldgasse 138010GrazAustria
| | - Martin Sipek
- Evon GmbHWollsdorf 1548181St. Ruprecht a. d. RaabAustria
| | - Martin Horn
- Institute of Automation and ControlGraz University of TechnologyInffeldgasse 21b8010GrazAustria
| | - Stephan Sacher
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE)Inffeldgasse 138010GrazAustria
| | - David Cantillo
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW)Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE)Inffeldgasse 138010GrazAustria
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Jason D. Williams
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW)Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE)Inffeldgasse 138010GrazAustria
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW)Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE)Inffeldgasse 138010GrazAustria
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kleijwegt RJ, Doruiter SY, Winkenwerder W, van der Schaaf J. Investigating tertiary amine alkylation/benzylation kinetics with ramp-flow in a plug-flow reactor using in-line 1H NMR spectroscopy. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
19
|
Cao L, Russo D, Lapkin AA. Automated robotic platforms in design and development of formulations. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, CARES Ltd. Singapore
| | - Danilo Russo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Alexei A. Lapkin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, CARES Ltd. Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sagmeister P, Lebl R, Castillo I, Rehrl J, Kruisz J, Sipek M, Horn M, Sacher S, Cantillo D, Williams JD, Kappe CO. Advanced Real‐Time Process Analytics for Multistep Synthesis in Continuous Flow**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sagmeister
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW) Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of Chemistry University of Graz, NAWI Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - René Lebl
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW) Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of Chemistry University of Graz, NAWI Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Ismael Castillo
- Institute of Automation and Control Graz University of Technology Inffeldgasse 21b 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Jakob Rehrl
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE) Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Julia Kruisz
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE) Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Martin Sipek
- Evon GmbH Wollsdorf 154 8181 St. Ruprecht a. d. Raab Austria
| | - Martin Horn
- Institute of Automation and Control Graz University of Technology Inffeldgasse 21b 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Stephan Sacher
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE) Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
| | - David Cantillo
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW) Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of Chemistry University of Graz, NAWI Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Jason D. Williams
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW) Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of Chemistry University of Graz, NAWI Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW) Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE) Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of Chemistry University of Graz, NAWI Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kleijwegt RJT, Henricks VC, Winkenwerder W, Baan W, van der Schaaf J. Renewable dimethyl carbonate for tertiary amine quaternisation: kinetic measurements and process optimisation. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00191d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper has successfully optimised tertiary amine quaternisation with dimethyl carbonate. Intensification of the conventionally quite moderate operating conditions has resulted in substantially higher production capacities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roel J. T. Kleijwegt
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, The Netherlands
| | - Vera C. Henricks
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wim Baan
- Nouryon, Zutphenseweg 10, 7418 AJ Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - John van der Schaaf
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Thakkar A, Johansson S, Jorner K, Buttar D, Reymond JL, Engkvist O. Artificial intelligence and automation in computer aided synthesis planning. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this perspective we deal with questions pertaining to the development of synthesis planning technologies over the course of recent years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amol Thakkar
- Hit Discovery
- Discovery Sciences
- R&D
- AstraZeneca
- Gothenburg
| | | | - Kjell Jorner
- Early Chemical Development
- Pharmaceutical Sciences
- R&D
- AstraZeneca
- Macclesfield
| | - David Buttar
- Early Chemical Development
- Pharmaceutical Sciences
- R&D
- AstraZeneca
- Macclesfield
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- 3012 Bern
- Switzerland
| | - Ola Engkvist
- Hit Discovery
- Discovery Sciences
- R&D
- AstraZeneca
- Gothenburg
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kumar G, Bossert H, McDonald D, Chatzidimitriou A, Ardagh MA, Pang Y, Lee C, Tsapatsis M, Abdelrahman OA, Dauenhauer PJ. Catalysis-in-a-Box: Robotic Screening of Catalytic Materials in the Time of COVID-19 and Beyond. MATTER 2020; 3:805-823. [PMID: 32838298 PMCID: PMC7351032 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the design and implementation of an automated device for catalytic materials testing by direct modifications to a gas chromatograph (GC). The setup can be operated as a plug-flow isothermal reactor and enables the control of relevant parameters such as reaction temperature and reactant partial pressures directly from the GC. High-quality kinetic data (including reaction rates, product distributions, and activation barriers) can be obtained at almost one-tenth of the fabrication cost of analogous commercial setups. With these key benefits including automation, low cost, and limited experimental equipment instrumentation, this implementation is intended as a high-throughput catalyst screening reactor that can be readily utilized by materials synthesis researchers to assess the catalytic properties of their synthesized structures in vapor-phase chemistries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- University of Minnesota, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Hannah Bossert
- University of Minnesota, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dan McDonald
- University of Minnesota, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Anargyros Chatzidimitriou
- University of Minnesota, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - M Alexander Ardagh
- University of Minnesota, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Yutong Pang
- University of Minnesota, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - ChoongSze Lee
- University of Minnesota, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Michael Tsapatsis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Omar A Abdelrahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Paul J Dauenhauer
- University of Minnesota, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
With the rapid development of high technology, chemical science is not as it used to be a century ago. Many chemists acquire and utilize skills that are well beyond the traditional definition of chemistry. The digital age has transformed chemistry laboratories. One aspect of this transformation is the progressing implementation of electronics and computer science in chemistry research. In the past decade, numerous chemistry-oriented studies have benefited from the implementation of electronic modules, including microcontroller boards (MCBs), single-board computers (SBCs), professional grade control and data acquisition systems, as well as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). In particular, MCBs and SBCs provide good value for money. The application areas for electronic modules in chemistry research include construction of simple detection systems based on spectrophotometry and spectrofluorometry principles, customizing laboratory devices for automation of common laboratory practices, control of reaction systems (batch- and flow-based), extraction systems, chromatographic and electrophoretic systems, microfluidic systems (classical and nonclassical), custom-built polymerase chain reaction devices, gas-phase analyte detection systems, chemical robots and drones, construction of FPGA-based imaging systems, and the Internet-of-Chemical-Things. The technology is easy to handle, and many chemists have managed to train themselves in its implementation. The only major obstacle in its implementation is probably one's imagination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurpur Rakesh D Prabhu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schmidt OP, Blackmond DG. Temperature-Scanning Reaction Protocol Offers Insights into Activation Parameters in the Buchwald–Hartwig Pd-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Halides. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia P. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Donna G. Blackmond
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fath V, Lau P, Greve C, Kockmann N, Röder T. Efficient Kinetic Data Acquisition and Model Prediction: Continuous Flow Microreactors, Inline Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and Self-Modeling Curve Resolution. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Fath
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Equipment Design, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Strasse 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Institute of Chemical Process Engineering, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Strasse 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philipp Lau
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christoph Greve
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Norbert Kockmann
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Equipment Design, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Strasse 70, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thorsten Röder
- Institute of Chemical Process Engineering, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Strasse 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Maurice A, Theisen J, Gabriel JCP. Microfluidic lab-on-chip advances for liquid–liquid extraction process studies. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
28
|
Accelerating Kinetic Parameter Identification by Extracting Information from Transient Data: A Hydroprocessing Study Case. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10040361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroprocessing reactions require several days to reach steady-state, leading to long experimentation times for collecting sufficient data for kinetic modeling purposes. The information contained in the transient data during the evolution toward the steady-state is, at present, not used for kinetic modeling since the stabilization behavior is not well understood. The present work aims at accelerating kinetic model construction by employing these transient data, provided that the stabilization can be adequately accounted for. A comparison between the model obtained against the steady-state data and the one after accounting for the transient information was carried out. It was demonstrated that by accounting for the stabilization, combined with an experimental design algorithm, a more robust and faster manner was obtained to identify kinetic parameters, which saves time and cost. An application was presented in hydrodenitrogenation, but the proposed methodology can be extended to any hydroprocessing reaction.
Collapse
|
29
|
Sagmeister P, Poms J, Williams JD, Kappe CO. Multivariate analysis of inline benchtop NMR data enables rapid optimization of a complex nitration in flow. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00048e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Multivariate analysis is applied to inline benchtop NMR data for a complex nitration in flow. This rapid quantification enables reaction optimization using advanced techniques in flow, such as design of experiments and dynamic experimentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sagmeister
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW)
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE)
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Institute of Chemistry
| | - Johannes Poms
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE)
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Jason D. Williams
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW)
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE)
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Institute of Chemistry
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW)
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE)
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Institute of Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Duan X, Tu J, Teixeira AR, Sang L, Jensen KF, Zhang J. An automated flow platform for accurate determination of gas–liquid–solid reaction kinetics. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00191k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An automated flow platform based on a tube-in-tube contactor and micro-packed bed reactor is developed to measure the kinetics of gas–liquid–solid hydrogenation reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Duan
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Jiacheng Tu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Andrew R. Teixeira
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute
- Worcester
- USA
| | - Le Sang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Jisong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Haas CP, Biesenroth S, Buckenmaier S, van de Goor T, Tallarek U. Automated generation of photochemical reaction data by transient flow experiments coupled with online HPLC analysis. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00066c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Competing homo- and crossdimerization reactions between coumarin and 1-methyl-2-quinolinone are investigated by transient continuous-flow experiments combined with online HPLC, enabling the generation and acquisition of large reaction data sets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian P. Haas
- Department of Chemistry
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Simon Biesenroth
- Department of Chemistry
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | | | - Tom van de Goor
- Agilent Technologies R&D and Marketing GmbH & Co. KG
- 76337 Waldbronn
- Germany
| | - Ulrich Tallarek
- Department of Chemistry
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ładosz A, Kuhnle C, Jensen KF. Characterization of reaction enthalpy and kinetics in a microscale flow platform. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00304b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We report an isothermal flow calorimeter for characterization of reaction enthalpy and kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ładosz
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Christina Kuhnle
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Waldron C, Pankajakshan A, Quaglio M, Cao E, Galvanin F, Gavriilidis A. Model-based design of transient flow experiments for the identification of kinetic parameters. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00342h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and precise estimation of kinetic parameters is facilitated by transient flow experiments designed using model-based design of experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conor Waldron
- Dept of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | | | - Marco Quaglio
- Dept of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Enhong Cao
- Dept of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Waldron C, Pankajakshan A, Quaglio M, Cao E, Galvanin F, Gavriilidis A. Closed-Loop Model-Based Design of Experiments for Kinetic Model Discrimination and Parameter Estimation: Benzoic Acid Esterification on a Heterogeneous Catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Conor Waldron
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Arun Pankajakshan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Marco Quaglio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Enhong Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Federico Galvanin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Asterios Gavriilidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| |
Collapse
|