1
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Litle ED, Gabbaï FP. A cationic gold-fluorenyl complex with a dative Au → C + bond: synthesis, structure, and carbophilic reactivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:603-606. [PMID: 36533545 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05436a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aiming to study the interaction of gold with the highly Lewis acidic fluorenyl cation, we synthesised (o-[Ph2P(C6H4)Flu)AuCl(tht)][BF4] ([2][BF4]) and (o-Ph2P(C6H4)Flu)AuCl2 (3) (Flu = 9-fluorenyl) and found that the latter could be converted into [(o-Ph2P(C6H4)Flu)AuCl]+ ([4]+) upon treatment with NaBArF24 (BArF24 = B(3,5-C6H3(CF3)2)4). [4]+, which has been isolated as a chloride-bridged dimer, readily catalyses the cycloisomerisation of 2-allyl-2-(2-propynyl)malonate. Computational results show that [4]+ possesses a strong Au → C+ bond and readily activates enynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elishua D Litle
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - François P Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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2
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Zhang C, Wang J, Lin Z, Ye Q. Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Three-Dimensional Analogues of 9-Borafluorenes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18275-18284. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chonghe Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, 999077 Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, 999077 Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Qing Ye
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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3
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Zhang C, Liu X, Wang J, Ye Q. A Three‐Dimensional Inorganic Analogue of 9,10‐Diazido‐9,10‐Diboraanthracene: A Lewis Superacidic Azido Borane with Reactivity and Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205506. [PMID: 35713166 PMCID: PMC9541227 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the facile synthesis of a three‐dimensional (3D) inorganic analogue of 9,10‐diazido‐9,10‐dihydrodiboraantracene, which turned out to be a monomer in both the solid and solution state, and thermally stable up to 230 °C, representing a rare example of azido borane with boosted Lewis acidity and stability in one. Apart from the classical acid‐base and Staudinger reactions, E−H bond activation (E=B, Si, Ge) was investigated. While the reaction with B−H (9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) led directly to the 1,1‐addition on Nα upon N2 elimination, the Si−H (Et3SiH, PhMe2SiH) activation proceeded stepwise via 1,2‐addition, with the key intermediates 5int and 6int being isolated and characterized. In contrast, the cooperative Ge−H was reversible and stayed at the 1,2‐addition step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonghe Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology 518055 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Xiaocui Liu
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology 518055 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology 518055 Shenzhen P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology 518055 Shenzhen P. R. China
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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4
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Zhang C, Liu X, Wang J, Ye Q. A Three-Dimensional Inorganic Analogue of 9,10-Diazido-9,10-Diboraanthracene: A Lewis Superacidic Azido Borane with Reactivity and Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [PMID: 35713166 PMCID: PMC9541227 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205506;] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the facile synthesis of a three-dimensional (3D) inorganic analogue of 9,10-diazido-9,10-dihydrodiboraantracene, which turned out to be a monomer in both the solid and solution state, and thermally stable up to 230 °C, representing a rare example of azido borane with boosted Lewis acidity and stability in one. Apart from the classical acid-base and Staudinger reactions, E-H bond activation (E=B, Si, Ge) was investigated. While the reaction with B-H (9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) led directly to the 1,1-addition on Nα upon N2 elimination, the Si-H (Et3 SiH, PhMe2 SiH) activation proceeded stepwise via 1,2-addition, with the key intermediates 5int and 6int being isolated and characterized. In contrast, the cooperative Ge-H was reversible and stayed at the 1,2-addition step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonghe Zhang
- Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and Technology518055ShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Xiaocui Liu
- Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and Technology518055ShenzhenP. R. China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and Technology518055ShenzhenP. R. China,Department of ChemistryThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water Bay, KowloonHong KongHong Kong
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and Technology518055ShenzhenP. R. China,Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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5
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Zhang C, Liu X, Wang J, Ye Q. A Three‐Dimensional Inorganic Analogue of 9,10‐Diazido‐9,10‐Diboraanthracene – A Lewis Superacidic Azido Borane with Reactivity and Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chonghe Zhang
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Xiaocui Liu
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Junyi Wang
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Qing Ye
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg Institut für Anorganische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg GERMANY
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6
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Abstract
Carborynes (1,2-dehydro-o-carborane and 1,3-dehydro-o-carborane), three-dimensional analogues of benzyne, can be generated in situ from the precursors 1-X-2-Li-1,2-C2B10H10 (X = Br, I, OTs, OTf), or 1-Me3Si-2-[IPh(OAc)]-1,2-C2B10H10 or [1-Li-3-N2-1,2-C2B10H10][BF4]. They are a class of very useful synthons for the synthesis of a large variety of functionalized carborane derivatives for potential application in medicine, materials science and organometallic/coordination chemistry. The experimental data demonstrate that there is a correspondence between the reactions of carborynes and those of benzyne with alkenes, dienes, alkynes, aromatics or heteroaromatics in a pericyclic reaction fashion. On the other hand, carborynes have unique properties of their own owing to their steric/electronic features. They undergo regioselective sp2/sp3 C-H bond and N-Li bond insertion reactions, which has not been observed for benzyne. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in this interesting research field with considerable attention devoted to the reaction modes and the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaozao Qiu
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd, Shanghai 200032, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T, Hong Kong, China.
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7
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Eleazer BJ, Jayaweera HDAC, Gange GB, Smith MD, Martin CR, Park KC, Popov AA, Peryshkov DV. Bimetallic Ru-Pd and Trimetallic Ru-Pd-Cu Assemblies on the Carborane Cluster Surface. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16911-16916. [PMID: 34710327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of well-defined heterometallic complexes remains a frontier challenge in inorganic chemistry. We report an approach that relies on the sequential insertion of electrophilic metal fragments into electron-rich Ru-B bonds of the η2-BB-carboryne complex (POBBOP)Ru(CO)2 [POBBOP = 1,7-OP(iPr)2-m-2,6-dehydrocarborane]. Utilizing this synthetic strategy, bimetallic (POBBOP)(Ru)(CO)2[Pd(PtBu3)] and trimetallic (POBBOP)(Ru)(CO)2[Pd(PtBu3)](CuBr) complexes were selectively prepared. Structural and theoretical analysis of the features of chemical bonding within Ru-B-B-Cu and Ru-B-B-Pd fragments is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennett J Eleazer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - H D A Chathumal Jayaweera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Gayathri B Gange
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mark D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Corey R Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Kyoung Chul Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dmitry V Peryshkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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8
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Sivaev IB. Functional Group Directed B–H Activation of Polyhedral Boron Hydrides by Transition Metal Complexes (Review). RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023621090151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Sivaev IB, Stogniy MY, Bregadze VI. Transition metal complexes with carboranylphosphine ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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10
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Au YK, Xie Z. Recent Advances in Transition Metal-Catalyzed Selective B-H Functionalization ofo-Carboranes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yik Ki Au
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, P. R. China
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11
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Liu XR, Cui PF, Guo ST, Yuan RZ, Jin GX. Stepwise B–H bond activation of a meta-carborane. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00732g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Stepwise multiple B–H bond activation is a major challenge in synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ran Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Ting Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Run-Ze Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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12
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Zhang H, Wang J, Yang W, Xiang L, Sun W, Ming W, Li Y, Lin Z, Ye Q. Solution-Phase Synthesis of a Base-Free Benzoborirene and a Three-Dimensional Inorganic Analogue. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17243-17249. [PMID: 32941023 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The base-free benzoborirene 1,2-BR-1,2-C6H4 (7) and its three-dimensional inorganic analogue 1,2-BR-1,2-C2B10H10 (13) have been successfully synthesized by Cp2ZrBr2 and LiCl elimination, respectively. The Cl analogue of the key intermediate for the formation of benzoborirene 7 has been isolated and structurally characterized, thus suggesting the reaction pathway via benzyne Zr complex formation, B-Br/Cbenzyne-Zr σ-bond metathesis, and a Cp2ZrBr2 elimination/ring-closing process. The rationality of the reaction pathway has been confirmed by DFT calculations. In addition, the title compounds shared the same reactivity pattern (i.e., 1,3-silyl migration) toward MeIiPr (8), thus allowing for the synthetic approach to the first carborane-substituted iminoborane 14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, 999077 Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Weiguang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Libo Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Weicheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Ming
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Yinxin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, 999077 Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055 Shenzhen, P. R. China
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13
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m-Carborane as a Novel Core for Periphery-Decorated Macromolecules. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122814. [PMID: 32570849 PMCID: PMC7356233 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Closom-C2B10H12 can perform as a novel core of globular periphery-decorated macromolecules. To do this, a new class of di and tetrabranched m-carborane derivatives has been synthesized by a judicious choice of the synthetic procedure, starting with 9,10-I2-1,7-closo-C2B10H10. The 2a-NPA (sum of the natural charges of the two bonded atoms) value for a bond, which is defined as the sum of the NPA charges of the two bonded atoms, matches the order of electrophilic reaction at the different cluster bonds of the icosahedral o-and m- carboranes that lead to the formation of B-I bonds. As for m-carborane, most of the 2a-NPA values of B-H vertexes are positive, and their functionalization is more challenging. The synthesis and full characterization of dibranched 9,10-R2-1,7-closo-carborane (R = CH2CHCH2, HO(CH2)3, Cl(CH2)3, TsO(CH2)3, C6H5COO(CH2)3, C6H5COO(CH2)3, N3(CH2)3, CH3CHCH, and C6H5C2N3(CH2)3) compounds as well as the tetrabranched 9,10-R2-1,7-R2-closo-C2B10H8 (R = CH2CHCH2, HO(CH2)3) are presented. The X-ray diffraction of 9,10-(HO(CH2)3)2-1,7-closo-C2B10H10 and 9,10-(CH3CHCH)2-1,7-closo-C2B10H10, as well as their Hirshfeld surface analysis and decomposed fingerprint plots, are described. These new reported tetrabranched m-carborane derivatives provide a sort of novel core for the synthesis of 3D radially grown periphery-decorated macromolecules that are different to the 2D radially grown core of the tetrabranched o-carborane framework.
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14
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Balagurova EV, Dolgushin FM, Medvedev MG, Kononova EG, Godovikov IA, Smol′yakov AF, Chizhevsky IT. Manganа- and rhena-copper carboranes based on the medium-size non-icosahedral 5,6-dicarba-nido-decaborane. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Fan M, Jimenez JD, Shirodkar SN, Wu J, Chen S, Song L, Royko MM, Zhang J, Guo H, Cui J, Zuo K, Wang W, Zhang C, Yuan F, Vajtai R, Qian J, Yang J, Yakobson BI, Tour JM, Lauterbach J, Sun D, Ajayan PM. Atomic Ru Immobilized on Porous h-BN through Simple Vacuum Filtration for Highly Active and Selective CO2 Methanation. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Fan
- Chemicobiology and Functional Materials Institute, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Nanjing Forestry University, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Juan D. Jimenez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29201, United States
| | | | - Jingjie Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Shuangming Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Li Song
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Michael M. Royko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29201, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fanshu Yuan
- Chemicobiology and Functional Materials Institute, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Robert Vajtai
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jieshu Qian
- Chemicobiology and Functional Materials Institute, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jiazhi Yang
- Chemicobiology and Functional Materials Institute, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | | | | | - Jochen Lauterbach
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29201, United States
| | - Dongping Sun
- Chemicobiology and Functional Materials Institute, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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16
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Dziedzic RM, Axtell JC, Rheingold AL, Spokoyny AM. Off-Cycle Processes in Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Carboranes. Org Process Res Dev 2019; 23:1638-1645. [PMID: 33776400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Off-cycle processes in catalytic reactions can dramatically influence the outcome of the chemical transformation and affect its yield, selectivity, rate, and product distribution. While the generation of off-cycle intermediates can complicate reaction coordinate analyses or hamper catalytic efficiency, the generation of such species may also open new routes to unique chemical products. Recently, we reported the Pd-mediated functionalization of carboranes with a range of O-, N-, and C-based nucleophiles. By utilizing a Pd-based catalytic system supported by a biaryl phosphine ligand developed by Buchwald and co-workers, we discovered an off-cycle isomerization process ("cage-walking") that generates four regioisomeric products from a single halogenated boron cluster isomer. Here we describe how several off-cycle processes affect the regioisomer yield and distribution during Pd-catalyzed tandem cage-walking/cross-coupling. In particular, tuning the transmetallation step in the catalytic cycle allowed us to incorporate the cage-walking process into Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of sterically unencumbered substrates, including cyanide. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using tandem cage-walking/cross-coupling as a unique low-temperature method for producing regioisomers of mono-substituted carboranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal M Dziedzic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Jonathan C Axtell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Alexander M Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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17
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Shen Y, Zhang K, Liang X, Dontha R, Duttwyler S. Highly selective palladium-catalyzed one-pot, five-fold B-H/C-H cross coupling of monocarboranes with alkenes. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4177-4184. [PMID: 31057746 PMCID: PMC6471670 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00078j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed dehydrogenative B-H/C-H cross coupling of monocarborane anions with alkenes is reported, allowing for the first time the isolation of selectively penta-alkenylated boron clusters. The reaction cascade is regioselective for the cage positions, leading directly to B2-6 functionalization. Under mild and convenient conditions, styrenes, benzylic alkenes and aliphatic alkenes are demonstrated to be viable coupling partners with exclusive vinyl-type B-C bond formation. Multiple subsequent transformations provide access to directing group-free products, chiral derivatives and penta-alkylated cages. The five-fold coupling, combined with the latter reactions, represents a powerful methodology for the straightforward synthesis of new classes of boron clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjun Shen
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , 310027 Hangzhou , Zhejiang , P. R. China .
| | - Kang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , 310027 Hangzhou , Zhejiang , P. R. China .
| | - Xuewei Liang
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , 310027 Hangzhou , Zhejiang , P. R. China .
| | - Rakesh Dontha
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , 310027 Hangzhou , Zhejiang , P. R. China .
| | - Simon Duttwyler
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , 310027 Hangzhou , Zhejiang , P. R. China .
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Anderson KP, Mills HA, Mao C, Kirlikovali KO, Axtell JC, Rheingold AL, Spokoyny AM. Improved synthesis of icosahedral carboranes containing exopolyhedral B-C and C-C bonds. Tetrahedron 2019; 75:187-191. [PMID: 31303685 PMCID: PMC6625786 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Carboranes are boron-rich molecular clusters possessing electronic characteristics that allow for orthogonal approaches to vertex-selective modifications. We report improved functionalization methods utilizing orthogonal chemistry to achieve efficient substitution at electron-rich B-vertices and electron-poor C-vertices of carborane. Functionalization of B-vertices with alkyl and (hetero)aryl groups using the corresponding Grignard reagents has been improved through the use of a Pd-based precatalyst featuring an electron-rich biaryl phosphine ligand, resulting in reduced reaction times. Importantly, this method is tolerant towards alkyl-based Grignard reagents containing β-hydrogens. Furthermore, a transition metal-free approach to the substitution of carborane C-vertices with (hetero)aryl substrates has been developed under nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) conditions. The selective substitution of carboranes afforded by these methods holds potential for the rational synthesis of heterofunctionalized boron clusters with substituents on both boron and carbon-based vertices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kierstyn P. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Harrison A. Mills
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chantel Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kent O. Kirlikovali
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jonathan C. Axtell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Alexander M. Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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19
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Coburger P, Kahraman G, Straube A, Hey-Hawkins E. Rhodium(i) complexes with carborane-substituted P,N ligands: investigations of electronic structure and dynamic behaviour. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9625-9630. [PMID: 30865751 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00628a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two distorted square-planar RhI complexes (1 and 2) were obtained from [{RhCl(η4-cod)}2] and the respective P,N ligands. The metal-ligand interaction was probed with density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio (CASSCF-NEVPT2) calculations. NMR spectroscopy proved dynamic binding behaviour of the ligands in solution. The tetradenticity of the ligands also affects the electrochemical behaviour of complexes 1 and 2 significantly. Finally, preliminary catalytic studies, namely the dehydrocoupling of dimethylamine-borane, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Coburger
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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20
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Gao Y, Guo ST, Cui PF, Aznarez F, Jin GX. Iridium-induced regioselective B–H and C–H activations at azo-substitutedm-carboranes: facile access to polynuclear complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:210-213. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09084j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Iridium-induced selective C–H and B(2,3)–H bond activations have been achieved atm-carboranes featuring azobenzene directing groups. A series of mononuclear, dinuclear and trinuclear complexes have been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
| | - Shu-Ting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
| | - Peng-Fei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
| | - Francisco Aznarez
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
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21
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Quan Y, Xie Z. Controlled functionalization of o-carborane via transition metal catalyzed B–H activation. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:3660-3673. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00169g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent advances in transition metal catalyzed vertex-specific BH functionalization of o-carborane for controlled synthesis of its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjian Quan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- New Territories
- China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- New Territories
- China
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22
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Guo ST, Cui PF, Gao Y, Jin GX. Regioselective B-H/C-H activation and metal-metal bond formation induced by half-sandwich metals complexes at hydroxy-substituted o-carboranes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:13641-13646. [PMID: 30207352 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03104e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A binuclear iridium complex, (Cp2*Ir2(CH2O)C2B10H8) (6), with a unique metal-metal bond has been synthesized and fully characterized. Importantly, this complex is constructed via selective C-H and B(3)-H bond activation on the carborane precursor. Additionally, when the proligand (2-pyridine)(o-carboranyl)methanol ligand was combined with a half-sandwich iridium complex, selective B(6)-H bond activation or metal-carbon bond formation can be induced by the use of different bases. And the rhodium complex constructed from (2-pyridine)(o-carboranyl)methanol ligand containing a metal-carbon bond has been obtained and fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ting Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
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23
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1D helical silver(I)-based coordination polymer containing pyridyl diimide ligand for Fe(III) ions detection. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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24
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Lin F, Yu JL, Shen Y, Zhang SQ, Spingler B, Liu J, Hong X, Duttwyler S. Palladium-Catalyzed Selective Five-Fold Cascade Arylation of the 12-Vertex Monocarborane Anion by B–H Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13798-13807. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Furong Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Lu Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunjun Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo-Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Simon Duttwyler
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, 310027 Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Kirlikovali KO, Axtell JC, Anderson K, Djurovich PI, Rheingold AL, Spokoyny AM. Fine-Tuning Electronic Properties of Luminescent Pt(II) Complexes via Vertex-Differentiated Coordination of Sterically Invariant Carborane-Based Ligands. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter I. Djurovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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26
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Eleazer BJ, Peryshkov DV. Coordination Chemistry of Carborane Clusters: Metal-Boron Bonds in Carborane, Carboranyl, and Carboryne Complexes. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2018.1465939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bennett J. Eleazer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Dmitry V. Peryshkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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