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Palei S, Weisner J, Vogt M, Gontla R, Buchmuller B, Ehrt C, Grabe T, Kleinbölting S, Müller M, Clever GH, Rauh D, Summerer D. A high-throughput effector screen identifies a novel small molecule scaffold for inhibition of ten-eleven translocation dioxygenase 2. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1540-1548. [PMID: 36545435 PMCID: PMC9749932 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00186a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation dioxygenases (TETs) are the erasers of 5-methylcytosine (mC), the central epigenetic regulator of mammalian DNA. TETs convert mC to three oxidized derivatives with unique physicochemical properties and inherent regulatory potential, and it initializes active demethylation by the base excision repair pathway. Potent small molecule inhibitors would be useful tools to study TET functions by conditional control. To facilitate the discovery of such tools, we here report a high-throughput screening pipeline and its application to screen and validate 31.5k compounds for inhibition of TET2. Using a homogenous fluorescence assay, we discover a novel quinoline-based scaffold that we further validate with an orthogonal semi-high throughput MALDI-MS assay for direct monitoring of substrate turnover. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies involving >20 derivatives of this scaffold led to the identification of optimized inhibitors, and together with computational studies suggested a plausible model for its mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhendu Palei
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University and, Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD), Zentrum für Integrierte Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW) Otto-Hahn Str. 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Jörn Weisner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University and, Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD), Zentrum für Integrierte Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW) Otto-Hahn Str. 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Melina Vogt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University and, Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD), Zentrum für Integrierte Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW) Otto-Hahn Str. 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Rajesh Gontla
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University and, Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD), Zentrum für Integrierte Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW) Otto-Hahn Str. 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Benjamin Buchmuller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University and, Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD), Zentrum für Integrierte Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW) Otto-Hahn Str. 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Christiane Ehrt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University and, Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD), Zentrum für Integrierte Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW) Otto-Hahn Str. 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Tobias Grabe
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University and, Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD), Zentrum für Integrierte Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW) Otto-Hahn Str. 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Silke Kleinbölting
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University and, Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD), Zentrum für Integrierte Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW) Otto-Hahn Str. 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Matthias Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University and, Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD), Zentrum für Integrierte Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW) Otto-Hahn Str. 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Guido H Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University and, Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD), Zentrum für Integrierte Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW) Otto-Hahn Str. 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Daniel Rauh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University and, Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD), Zentrum für Integrierte Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW) Otto-Hahn Str. 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Daniel Summerer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University and, Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD), Zentrum für Integrierte Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW) Otto-Hahn Str. 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
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2
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Moshareva MA, Lukyanov KA, Putlyaeva LV. Fluorescence imaging of epigenetic genome modifications. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 622:86-92. [PMID: 35843098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epigenome contains a lot of information about cell state. Epigenetic analysis includes primarily sequence-based methods, which provide detailed data on distribution of modifications along the genome, but are poorly applicable for screenings. Specific fluorescence labeling and imaging of epigenetic modifications is an attractive complementary approach. It is currently based mainly on histone modifications study. We expect that inclusion of DNA modifications into imaging-based study would empower the method. In this review we discuss methods for fluorescence imaging of DNA modifications (mainly 5-methylcytosine). It opens an easy way to single cell analysis and high-throughput screening. Moreover, tracking epigenome changes in live cells becomes possible with genetically encoded probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Moshareva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Lukyanov
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lidia V Putlyaeva
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia.
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3
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Muñoz‐López Á, Jung A, Buchmuller B, Wolffgramm J, Maurer S, Witte A, Summerer D. Engineered TALE Repeats for Enhanced Imaging-Based Analysis of Cellular 5-Methylcytosine. Chembiochem 2021; 22:645-651. [PMID: 32991020 PMCID: PMC7894354 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transcription-activator-like effectors (TALEs) are repeat-based, programmable DNA-binding proteins that can be engineered to recognize sequences of canonical and epigenetically modified nucleobases. Fluorescent TALEs can be used for the imaging-based analysis of cellular 5-methylcytosine (5 mC) in repetitive DNA sequences. This is based on recording fluorescence ratios from cell co-stains with two TALEs: an analytical TALE targeting the cytosine (C) position of interest through a C-selective repeat that is blocked by 5 mC, and a control TALE targeting the position with a universal repeat that binds both C and 5 mC. To enhance this approach, we report herein the development of novel 5 mC-selective repeats and their integration into TALEs that can replace universal TALEs in imaging-based 5 mC analysis, resulting in a methylation-dependent response of both TALEs. We screened a library of size-reduced repeats and identified several 5 mC binders. Compared to the 5 mC-binding repeat of natural TALEs and to the universal repeat, two repeats containing aromatic residues showed enhancement of 5 mC binding and selectivity in cellular transcription activation and electromobility shift assays, respectively. In co-stains of cellular SATIII DNA with a corresponding C-selective TALE, this selectivity results in a positive methylation response of the new TALE, offering perspectives for studying 5 mC functions in chromatin regulation by in situ imaging with increased dynamic range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Muñoz‐López
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyDortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Anne Jung
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyDortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Benjamin Buchmuller
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyDortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Jan Wolffgramm
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyDortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Sara Maurer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyDortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Anna Witte
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyDortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Daniel Summerer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyDortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
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4
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Programmable tools for targeted analysis of epigenetic DNA modifications. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2021; 63:1-10. [PMID: 33588304 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Modifications of the cytosine 5-position are dynamic epigenetic marks of mammalian DNA with important regulatory roles in development and disease. Unraveling biological functions of such modified nucleobases is tightly connected with the potential of available methods for their analysis. Whereas genome-wide nucleobase quantification and mapping are first-line analyses, targeted analyses move into focus the more genomic sites with high biological significance are identified. We here review recent developments in an emerging field that addresses such targeted analyses via probes that combine a programmable, sequence-specific DNA-binding domain with the ability to directly recognize or cross-link an epigenetically modified nucleobase of interest. We highlight how such probes offer simple, high-resolution nucleobase analyses in vitro and enable in situ correlations between a nucleobase and other chromatin regulatory elements at user-defined loci on the single-cell level by imaging.
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5
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Beyer JN, Raniszewski NR, Burslem GM. Advances and Opportunities in Epigenetic Chemical Biology. Chembiochem 2020; 22:17-42. [PMID: 32786101 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The study of epigenetics has greatly benefited from the development and application of various chemical biology approaches. In this review, we highlight the key targets for modulation and recent methods developed to enact such modulation. We discuss various chemical biology techniques to study DNA methylation and the post-translational modification of histones as well as their effect on gene expression. Additionally, we address the wealth of protein synthesis approaches to yield histones and nucleosomes bearing epigenetic modifications. Throughout, we highlight targets that present opportunities for the chemical biology community, as well as exciting new approaches that will provide additional insight into the roles of epigenetic marks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna N Beyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicole R Raniszewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - George M Burslem
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Institute Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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6
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Muñoz‐López Á, Buchmuller B, Wolffgramm J, Jung A, Hussong M, Kanne J, Schweiger MR, Summerer D. Designer Receptors for Nucleotide‐Resolution Analysis of Genomic 5‐Methylcytosine by Cellular Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Muñoz‐López
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
- International Max Planck Research School Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn Str. 10 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Benjamin Buchmuller
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
- International Max Planck Research School Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology Otto-Hahn Str. 10 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Jan Wolffgramm
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Anne Jung
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Michelle Hussong
- Department of Epigenetics and Tumor Biology, Medical Faculty University of Cologne Kerpener Str. 62 50937 Köln Germany
| | - Julian Kanne
- Department of Epigenetics and Tumor Biology, Medical Faculty University of Cologne Kerpener Str. 62 50937 Köln Germany
| | - Michal R. Schweiger
- Department of Epigenetics and Tumor Biology, Medical Faculty University of Cologne Kerpener Str. 62 50937 Köln Germany
| | - Daniel Summerer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
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7
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Muñoz-López Á, Buchmuller B, Wolffgramm J, Jung A, Hussong M, Kanne J, Schweiger MR, Summerer D. Designer Receptors for Nucleotide-Resolution Analysis of Genomic 5-Methylcytosine by Cellular Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8927-8931. [PMID: 32167219 PMCID: PMC7318601 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report programmable receptors for the imaging‐based analysis of 5‐methylcytosine (5mC) in user‐defined DNA sequences of single cells. Using fluorescent transcription‐activator‐like effectors (TALEs) that can recognize sequences of canonical and epigenetic nucleobases through selective repeats, we imaged cellular SATIII DNA, the origin of nuclear stress bodies (nSB). We achieve high nucleobase selectivity of natural repeats in imaging and demonstrate universal nucleobase binding by an engineered repeat. We use TALE pairs differing in only one such repeat in co‐stains to detect 5mC in SATIII sequences with nucleotide resolution independently of differences in target accessibility. Further, we directly correlate the presence of heat shock factor 1 with 5mC at its recognition sequence, revealing a potential function of 5mC in its recruitment as initial step of nSB formation. This opens a new avenue for studying 5mC functions in chromatin regulation in situ with nucleotide, locus, and cell resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Muñoz-López
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Str. 10, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Benjamin Buchmuller
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn Str. 10, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan Wolffgramm
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anne Jung
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michelle Hussong
- Department of Epigenetics and Tumor Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany
| | - Julian Kanne
- Department of Epigenetics and Tumor Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany
| | - Michal R Schweiger
- Department of Epigenetics and Tumor Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany
| | - Daniel Summerer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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8
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Lv X, Cui S, Gu Y, Li J, Du G, Liu L. Enzyme Assembly for Compartmentalized Metabolic Flux Control. Metabolites 2020; 10:E125. [PMID: 32224973 PMCID: PMC7241084 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10040125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme assembly by ligand binding or physically sequestrating enzymes, substrates, or metabolites into isolated compartments can bring key molecules closer to enhance the flux of a metabolic pathway. The emergence of enzyme assembly has provided both opportunities and challenges for metabolic engineering. At present, with the development of synthetic biology and systems biology, a variety of enzyme assembly strategies have been proposed, from the initial direct enzyme fusion to scaffold-free assembly, as well as artificial scaffolds, such as nucleic acid/protein scaffolds, and even some more complex physical compartments. These assembly strategies have been explored and applied to the synthesis of various important bio-based products, and have achieved different degrees of success. Despite some achievements, enzyme assembly, especially in vivo, still has many problems that have attracted significant attention from researchers. Here, we focus on some selected examples to review recent research on scaffold-free strategies, synthetic artificial scaffolds, and physical compartments for enzyme assembly or pathway sequestration, and we discuss their notable advances. In addition, the potential applications and challenges in the applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (S.C.); (Y.G.); (J.L.); (G.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shixiu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (S.C.); (Y.G.); (J.L.); (G.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (S.C.); (Y.G.); (J.L.); (G.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (S.C.); (Y.G.); (J.L.); (G.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (S.C.); (Y.G.); (J.L.); (G.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.L.); (S.C.); (Y.G.); (J.L.); (G.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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9
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Gieß M, Muñoz-López Á, Buchmuller B, Kubik G, Summerer D. Programmable Protein–DNA Cross-Linking for the Direct Capture and Quantification of 5-Formylcytosine. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9453-9457. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gieß
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Álvaro Muñoz-López
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Benjamin Buchmuller
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Kubik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Daniel Summerer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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