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Lee H, Kim J, Koh M. Medium-Sized Ring Expansion Strategies: Enhancing Small-Molecule Library Development. Molecules 2024; 29:1562. [PMID: 38611841 PMCID: PMC11013129 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The construction of a small molecule library that includes compounds with medium-sized rings is increasingly essential in drug discovery. These compounds are essential for identifying novel therapeutic agents capable of targeting "undruggable" targets through high-throughput and high-content screening, given their structural complexity and diversity. However, synthesizing medium-sized rings presents notable challenges, particularly with direct cyclization methods, due to issues such as transannular strain and reduced degrees of freedom. This review presents an overview of current strategies in synthesizing medium-sized rings, emphasizing innovative approaches like ring-expansion reactions. It highlights the challenges of synthesis and the potential of these compounds to diversify the chemical space for drug discovery, underscoring the importance of medium-sized rings in developing new bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwiyeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jonghoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Integrative Institute of Basic Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea;
| | - Minseob Koh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
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Okolo EA, Pahl A, Sievers S, Pask CM, Nelson A, Marsden SP. Scaffold Remodelling of Diazaspirotricycles Enables Synthesis of Diverse sp 3 -Rich Compounds With Distinct Phenotypic Effects. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203992. [PMID: 36722618 PMCID: PMC10946999 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A 'top down' scaffold remodelling approach to library synthesis was applied to spirotricyclic ureas prepared by a complexity-generating oxidative dearomatisation. Eighteen structurally-distinct, sp3 -rich scaffolds were accessed from the parent tricycle through ring addition, cleavage and expansion strategies. Biological screening of a small compound library based on these scaffolds using the cell-painting assay demonstrated distinctive phenotypic responses engendered by different library members, illustrating the functional as well as structural diversity of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Axel Pahl
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 11Dortmund44227Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Chemical BiologyOtto-Hahn-Strasse 11Dortmund44227Germany
| | | | - Adam Nelson
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
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3
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Lenci E, Trabocchi A. Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis and Chemoinformatics: A Fruitful Synergy towards Better Chemical Libraries. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lenci
- Universita degli Studi di Firenze Department of Chemistry Via della Lastruccia 1350019Italia 50019 Sesto Fiorentino ITALY
| | - Andrea Trabocchi
- University of Florence: Universita degli Studi di Firenze Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" ITALY
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Choi Y, Lee S, Kim H, Park SB. Design and Synthesis of Conformationally Diverse Pyrimidine-Embedded Medium/Macro- and Bridged Cycles via Skeletal Transformation. Front Chem 2022; 10:841250. [PMID: 35444999 PMCID: PMC9014854 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.841250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rigidity and flexibility of small molecules are complementary in 3-dimensional ligand-protein interaction. Therefore, the chemical library with conformational diversity would be a valuable resource for investigating the influence of skeletal flexibility on the biological system. In this regard, we designed and synthesized ten conformationally diverse pyrimidine-embedded medium/macro- and bridged cyclic scaffolds covering 7- to 14-member rings via an efficient skeletal transformation strategy. Their high conformational and shape diversity was confirmed by chemoinformatic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoona Choi
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Subin Lee
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heejun Kim
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Bum Park
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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5
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Ghosh T, Chatterjee J, Bhakta S. Gold-Catalyzed Hydroarylation Reactions: A Comprehensive Overview. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7151-7187. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00960a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hydroarylation of alkynes, alkene, and, allene is a cost-effective and efficient way to incorporate unsaturated moieties into aromatic substrates. This review focuses on gold-catalyzed hydroarylation, which produces aromatic alkenes,...
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Furiassi L, Tonogai EJ, Hergenrother PJ. Limonin as a Starting Point for the Construction of Compounds with High Scaffold Diversity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16119-16128. [PMID: 33973348 PMCID: PMC8260459 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Structurally complex natural products have been a fruitful source for the discovery and development of new drugs. In an effort to construct a compound collection populated by architecturally complex members with unique scaffolds, we have used the natural product limonin as a starting point. Limonin is an abundant triterpenoid natural product and, through alteration of its heptacyclic core ring system using short synthetic sequences, a collection of 98 compounds was created, including multiple members with novel ring systems. The reactions leveraged in the construction of these compounds include novel ring cleavage, rearrangements, and cyclizations, and this work is highlighted by the discovery of a novel B-ring cleavage reaction, a unique B/C-ring rearrangement, an atypical D-ring cyclization, among others. Computational analysis shows that 52 different scaffolds/ring systems were produced during the course of this work, of which 36 are unprecedented. Phenotypic screening and structure-activity relationships identified compounds with activity against a panel of cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Furiassi
- Department of Chemistry, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Emily J Tonogai
- Department of Chemistry, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Paul J Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Furiassi L, Tonogai EJ, Hergenrother PJ. Limonin as a Starting Point for the Construction of Compounds with High Scaffold Diversity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Furiassi
- Department of Chemistry Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology Cancer Center at Illinois University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Emily J. Tonogai
- Department of Chemistry Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology Cancer Center at Illinois University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Paul J. Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology Cancer Center at Illinois University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
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Kim SM, Park J, Kim MS, Song H, Jo A, Park H, Kim TS, Choi SH, Park SB. Phenotypic Discovery of an Antivirulence Agent against Vibrio vulnificus via Modulation of Quorum-Sensing Regulator SmcR. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:3076-3082. [PMID: 33086782 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An antivirulence agent against Vibrio vulnificus named quoromycin (QM) was discovered by a phenotype-based elastase inhibitor screening. Using the fluorescence difference in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (FITGE) approach, SmcR, a quorum-sensing master regulator and homologue of LuxR, was identified as the target protein of QM. We confirmed that the direct binding of QM to SmcR inhibits the quorum-sensing signaling pathway by controlling the DNA-binding affinity of SmcR and thus effectively alleviates the virulence of V. vulnificus in vitro and in vivo. QM can be regarded as a novel antivirulence agent for the treatment of V. vulnificus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jongmin Park
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Myun Soo Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Heebum Song
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ala Jo
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hankum Park
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Sang Ho Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Bum Park
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Uno H, Imai T, Harada K, Shibata N. Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 12-Membered Trifluoromethyl Heterocycles via a Nondecarboxylative Pd-Catalyzed [6 + 6] Annulation. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Uno
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Takanori Imai
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Harada
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Avenue, 321004 Jinhua, China
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Meng JP, Wang WW, Chen YL, Bera S, Wu J. Switchable solvent-controlled divergent synthesis: an efficient and regioselective approach to pyrimidine and dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepine derivatives. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An efficient solvent-controlled regioselective reaction has been developed. The reaction represents a novel protocol for the divergent one-pot synthesis of pyrimidine and dihydrodibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Peng Meng
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. of China
| | - Wan-Wan Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. of China
| | - Ying-Lu Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. of China
| | - Saurav Bera
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. of China
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11
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Zimmermann S, Akbarzadeh M, Otte F, Strohmann C, Sankar MG, Ziegler S, Pahl A, Sievers S, Kumar K. A Scaffold-Diversity Synthesis of Biologically Intriguing Cyclic Sulfonamides. Chemistry 2019; 25:15498-15503. [PMID: 31518018 PMCID: PMC6916640 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A "branching-folding" synthetic strategy that affords a range of diverse cyclic benzo-sulfonamide scaffolds is presented. Whereas different annulation reactions on common ketimine substrates build the branching phase of the scaffold synthesis, a common hydrogenative ring-expansion method, facilitated by an increase of the ring-strain during the branching phase, led to sulfonamides bearing medium-sized rings in a folding pathway. Cell painting assay was successfully employed to identify tubulin targeting sulfonamides as novel mitotic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zimmermann
- Abteilung Chemische BiologieMax-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PhysiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
- Fakultät Chemie und Chemische BiologieTechnische Universität DortmundOtto-Hahn Str. 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Mohammad Akbarzadeh
- Abteilung Chemische BiologieMax-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PhysiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Felix Otte
- Fakultät Chemie und Chemische BiologieTechnische Universität DortmundOtto-Hahn Str. 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Fakultät Chemie und Chemische BiologieTechnische Universität DortmundOtto-Hahn Str. 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Muthukumar Gomathi Sankar
- Abteilung Chemische BiologieMax-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PhysiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Abteilung Chemische BiologieMax-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PhysiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Axel Pahl
- Abteilung Chemische BiologieMax-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PhysiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Abteilung Chemische BiologieMax-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PhysiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
| | - Kamal Kumar
- Abteilung Chemische BiologieMax-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PhysiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227DortmundGermany
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12
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Kochia K, Bayat M, Nasri S, Mohammadi A. Synthesis of new pyrimidine-containing compounds: 5-(2-(alkylamino)-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)-6-hydroxypyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione derivatives. Mol Divers 2019; 24:1015-1024. [PMID: 31679084 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-019-10009-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the one-pot reaction between primary amines, 1,1-bis-(methylthio)-2-nitroethene, ninhydrin, and barbituric acid as an enolizable C-H-activated compound provides a simple method for the preparation of 5-(2-(alkylamino)-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)-6-hydroxypyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione derivatives with potential synthetic and pharmacological interest. This reaction shows attractive characteristics, such as substrate availability, good yields, existence of numerous hydrogen-bonding possibilities in product, and its mild conditions in ethanol media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khudaidad Kochia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bayat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Shima Nasri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Aref Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
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Trapping rhodium vinylcarbenoids with aminochalcones for the synthesis of medium-sized azacycles. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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