1
|
Harris BS, Bejagam KK, Baer MD. Development of a Systematic and Extensible Force Field for Peptoids (STEPs). J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:6573-6584. [PMID: 37462325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Peptoids (N-substituted glycines) are a class of biomimetic polymers that have attracted significant attention due to their accessible synthesis and enzymatic and thermal stability relative to their naturally occurring counterparts (polypeptides). While these polymers provide the promise of more robust functional materials via hierarchical approaches, they present a new challenge for computational structure prediction for material design. The reliability of calculations hinges on the accuracy of interactions represented in the force field used to model peptoids. For proteins, structure prediction based on sequence and de novo design has made dramatic progress in recent years; however, these models are not readily transferable for peptoids. Current efforts to develop and implement peptoid-specific force fields are spread out, leading to replicated efforts and a fragmented collection of parameterized sidechains. Here, we developed a peptoid-specific force field containing 70 different side chains, using GAFF2 as starting point. The new model is validated based on the generation of Ramachandran-like plots from DFT optimization compared against force field reproduced potential energy and free energy surfaces as well as the reproduction of equilibrium cis/trans values for some residues experimentally known to form helical structures. Equilibrium cis/trans distributions (Kct) are estimated for all parameterized residues to identify which residues have an intrinsic propensity for cis or trans states in the monomeric state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S Harris
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Karteek K Bejagam
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Marcel D Baer
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alamdari S, Torkelson K, Wang X, Chen CL, Ferguson AL, Pfaendtner J. Thermodynamic Basis for the Stabilization of Helical Peptoids by Chiral Sidechains. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37379071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Peptoids are a class of highly customizable biomimetic foldamers that retain properties from both proteins and polymers. It has been shown that peptoids can adopt peptide-like secondary structures through the careful selection of sidechain chemistries, but the underlying conformational landscapes that drive these assemblies at the molecular level remain poorly understood. Given the high flexibility of the peptoid backbone, it is essential that methods applied to study peptoid secondary structure formation possess the requisite sensitivity to discriminate between structurally similar yet energetically distinct microstates. In this work, a generalizable simulation scheme is used to robustly sample the complex folding landscape of various 12mer polypeptoids, resulting in a predictive model that links sidechain chemistry with preferential assembly into one of 12 accessible backbone motifs. Using a variant of the metadynamics sampling method, four peptoid dodecamers are simulated in water: sarcosine, N-(1-phenylmethyl)glycine (Npm), (S)-N-(1-phenylethyl)glycine (Nspe), and (R)-N-(1-phenylethyl)glycine (Nrpe)─to determine the underlying entropic and energetic impacts of hydrophobic and chiral peptoid sidechains on secondary structure formation. Our results indicate that the driving forces to assemble Nrpe and Nspe sequences into polyproline type-I helices in water are found to be enthalpically driven, with small benefits from an entropic gain for isomerization and steric strain due to the presence of the chiral center. The minor entropic gains from bulky chiral sidechains in Nrpe- and Nspe-containing peptoids can be explained through increased configurational entropy in the cis state. However, overall assembly into a helix is found to be overall entropically unfavorable. These results highlight the importance of considering the many various competing interactions in the rational design of peptoid secondary structure building blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alamdari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kaylyn Torkelson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Chun-Long Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Physical Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Andrew L Ferguson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jim Pfaendtner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Physical Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Serafim LF, Jayasinghe-Arachchige VM, Wang L, Rathee P, Yang J, Moorkkannur N S, Prabhakar R. Distinct chemical factors in hydrolytic reactions catalyzed by metalloenzymes and metal complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37366367 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01380d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The selective hydrolysis of the extremely stable phosphoester, peptide and ester bonds of molecules by bio-inspired metal-based catalysts (metallohydrolases) is required in a wide range of biological, biotechnological and industrial applications. Despite the impressive advances made in the field, the ultimate goal of designing efficient enzyme mimics for these reactions is still elusive. Its realization will require a deeper understanding of the diverse chemical factors that influence the activities of both natural and synthetic catalysts. They include catalyst-substrate complexation, non-covalent interactions and the electronic nature of the metal ion, ligand environment and nucleophile. Based on our computational studies, their roles are discussed for several mono- and binuclear metallohydrolases and their synthetic analogues. Hydrolysis by natural metallohydrolases is found to be promoted by a ligand environment with low basicity, a metal bound water and a heterobinuclear metal center (in binuclear enzymes). Additionally, peptide and phosphoester hydrolysis is dominated by two competing effects, i.e. nucleophilicity and Lewis acid activation, respectively. In synthetic analogues, hydrolysis is facilitated by the inclusion of a second metal center, hydrophobic effects, a biological metal (Zn, Cu and Co) and a terminal hydroxyl nucleophile. Due to the absence of the protein environment, hydrolysis by these small molecules is exclusively influenced by nucleophile activation. The results gleaned from these studies will enhance the understanding of fundamental principles of multiple hydrolytic reactions. They will also advance the development of computational methods as a predictive tool to design more efficient catalysts for hydrolysis, Diels-Alder reaction, Michael addition, epoxide opening and aldol condensation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo F Serafim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | | | - Lukun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Parth Rathee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Jiawen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | | | - Rajeev Prabhakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee YJ, Park S, Kim Y, Kim SH, Seo J. Facile synthetic method for peptoids bearing multiple azoles on side chains. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yen Jea Lee
- Department of Chemistry Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Park
- Department of Chemistry Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Kim
- Western Seoul Center Korea Basic Science Institute Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Kim
- Western Seoul Center Korea Basic Science Institute Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science Ewha Womans University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Seo
- Department of Chemistry Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Amtawong J, Nguyen AI, Tilley TD. Mechanistic Aspects of Cobalt–Oxo Cubane Clusters in Oxidation Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1475-1492. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaruwan Amtawong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andy I. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Herlan CN, Feser D, Schepers U, Bräse S. Bio-instructive materials on-demand - combinatorial chemistry of peptoids, foldamers, and beyond. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11131-11152. [PMID: 34611672 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04237h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial chemistry allows for the rapid synthesis of large compound libraries for high throughput screenings in biology, medicinal chemistry, or materials science. Especially compounds from a highly modular design are interesting for the proper investigation of structure-to-activity relationships. Permutations of building blocks result in many similar but unique compounds. The influence of certain structural features on the entire structure can then be monitored and serve as a starting point for the rational design of potent molecules for various applications. Peptoids, a highly diverse class of bioinspired oligomers, suit perfectly for combinatorial chemistry. Their straightforward synthesis on a solid support using repetitive reaction steps ensures easy handling and high throughput. Applying this modular approach, peptoids are readily accessible, and their interchangeable side-chains allow for various structures. Thus, peptoids can easily be tuned in their solubility, their spatial structure, and, consequently, their applicability in various fields of research. Since their discovery, peptoids have been applied as antimicrobial agents, artificial membranes, molecular transporters, and much more. Studying their three-dimensional structure, various foldamers with fascinating, unique properties were discovered. This non-comprehensive review will state the most interesting discoveries made over the past years and arouse curiosity about what may come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Nicole Herlan
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann von Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Dominik Feser
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann von Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ute Schepers
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann von Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann von Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany. .,Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz Haber Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hurley MFD, Northrup JD, Ge Y, Schafmeister CE, Voelz VA. Metal Cation-Binding Mechanisms of Q-Proline Peptoid Macrocycles in Solution. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:2818-2828. [PMID: 34125519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The rational design of foldable and functionalizable peptidomimetic scaffolds requires the concerted application of both computational and experimental methods. Recently, a new class of designed peptoid macrocycle incorporating spiroligomer proline mimics (Q-prolines) has been found to preorganize when bound by monovalent metal cations. To determine the solution-state structure of these cation-bound macrocycles, we employ a Bayesian inference method (BICePs) to reconcile enhanced-sampling molecular simulations with sparse ROESY correlations from experimental NMR studies to predict and design conformational and binding properties of macrocycles as functional scaffolds for peptidomimetics. Conformations predicted to be most populated in solution were then simulated in the presence of explicit cations to yield trajectories with observed binding events, revealing a highly preorganized all-trans amide conformation, whose formation is likely limited by the slow rate of cis/trans isomerization. Interestingly, this conformation differs from a racemic crystal structure solved in the absence of cation. Free energies of cation binding computed from distance-dependent potentials of mean force suggest Na+ has a higher affinity to the macrocycle than K+, with both cations binding much more strongly in acetonitrile than water. The simulated affinities are able to correctly rank the extent to which different macrocycle sequences exhibit preorganization in the presence of different metal cations and solvents, suggesting our approach is suitable for solution-state computational design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F D Hurley
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Justin D Northrup
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Yunhui Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | | | - Vincent A Voelz
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Butyrskaya EV, Korkmaz N, Zolotukhina EV, Krasiukova V, Silina YE. Mechanistic aspects of functional layer formation in hybrid one-step designed GOx/Nafion/Pd-NPs nanobiosensors. Analyst 2021; 146:2172-2185. [PMID: 33566051 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02429e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amperometric nanobiosensors are crucial time and cost effective analytical tools for the detection of a wide range of bioanalytes, viz. glucose present in complex environments at very low concentrations. Although the excellent analytical performance of nanobiosensors is undoubted, their exact molecular structure often remains unclear. Here, by combining advanced nanoanalytical approaches with theoretical modeling, we conducted a comprehensive study towards the investigation of the molecular structure of a hybrid GOx/Nafion/Pd-NPs layer deposited by electroplating from the multicomponent electrolyte solution on the surface of screen printed electrodes modified with graphene oxide. Specifically, we revealed that Pd2+ cations were adsorbed on GOx amino acid residues, forming the GOx·nPd2+ enzymatic complex. The highest adsorption energy of Pd2+ cations on GOx was found during their interaction with the side chains of basic amino acids and methionine. In addition, we showed and fully validated the end-structure of the one-step designed GOx/Nafion/Pd-NPs nanobiosensor as a structural model mainly composed of GOx and water molecules incorporated into the metal-polymer scaffold. Our approach will thus serve as a guideline for the study of molecular interactions occurring in complex systems and will contribute to the design of the next generation of hybrid nanobiosensors. The proposed mechanism, driving the self-assembly of the hybrid layer, will allow us to construct modular enzymatic nanoanalytical devices with tailored sequences in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E V Butyrskaya
- Department of Chemistry, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya pl. 1, 394006, Voronezh, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Sequence-defined oligomeric molecules with discrete folding propensities, termed foldamers, are a versatile source of agents with tailored structure and function. An inspiration for the development of the foldamer paradigm are natural biomacromolecules, the sequence-encoded folding of which is the basis of life. Metal ions and clusters are common features in proteins, where the role of metal varies from supporting structure to enabling function. The ubiquity of metals in natural systems suggests promise for metals in the context of folded artificial backbones. In this Minireview, we highlight efforts to realize this potential through a survey of published work on the design, synthesis, and characterization of metal-binding foldamers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa R Rao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Shelby L Schettler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - W Seth Horne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xuan S, Zuckermann RN. Engineering the atomic structure of sequence-defined peptoid polymers and their assemblies. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
11
|
Xuan S, Zuckermann RN. Diblock copolypeptoids: a review of phase separation, crystallization, self-assembly and biological applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:5380-5394. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00477d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diblock copolypeptoids have the capacity to phase separate, crystallize, and self-assemble into a variety of nanostructures, which have shown great potential in a variety of biological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunting Xuan
- Molecular Foundry
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
- Materials Sciences Division
| | - Ronald N. Zuckermann
- Molecular Foundry
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
- Materials Sciences Division
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wijaya AW, Nguyen AI, Roe LT, Butterfoss GL, Spencer RK, Li NK, Zuckermann RN. Cooperative Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding Strongly Enforces cis-Peptoid Folding. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19436-19447. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Wijaya
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andy I. Nguyen
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Leah T. Roe
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Glenn L. Butterfoss
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ryan K. Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering & Material Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Nan K. Li
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ronald N. Zuckermann
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Murray DJ, Kim JH, Grzincic EM, Kim SC, Abate AR, Zuckermann RN. Uniform, Large-Area, Highly Ordered Peptoid Monolayer and Bilayer Films for Sensing Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:13671-13680. [PMID: 31603340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The production of atomically defined, uniform, large-area 2D materials remains as a challenge in materials chemistry. Many methods to produce 2D nanomaterials suffer from limited lateral film dimensions, lack of film uniformity, or limited chemical diversity. These issues have hindered the application of these materials to sensing applications, which require large-area uniform films to achieve reliable and consistent signals. Furthermore, the development of a 2D material system that is biocompatible and readily chemically tunable has been a fundamental challenge. Here, we report a simple, robust method for the production of large-area, uniform, and highly tunable monolayer and bilayer films, from sequence-defined peptoid polymers, and their application as highly selective molecular recognition elements in sensor production. Monolayers and bilayer films were produced on the centimeter scale using Langmuir-Blodgett methods and exhibited a high degree of uniformity and ordering as evidenced by atomic force microscopy, electron diffraction, and grazing incidence X-ray scattering. We further demonstrated the utility of these films in sensing applications by employing the biolayer interferometry technique to detect the specific binding of the pathogen derived proteins, shiga toxin and anthrax protective antigen, to peptoid-coated sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Murray
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Jae Hong Kim
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Elissa M Grzincic
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Samuel C Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences , University of California , San Francisco , California 94158 , United States
| | - Adam R Abate
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences , University of California , San Francisco , California 94158 , United States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub , San Francisco , California 94158 , United States
| | - Ronald N Zuckermann
- The Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Culf AS. Peptoids as tools and sensors. Biopolymers 2019; 110:e23285. [PMID: 31070792 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A review of molecular tools and sensors assembled on N-substituted glycine, or α-peptoid, oligomers between 2013 and November 2018 with the following sections: (a) Peptoids as crystal growth modifiers, (b) Peptoids as catalysts, (c) Ion and molecule sequestration and transport, (d) Peptoid sensors, (e) Macromolecule recognition, (f) Cellular transporters, (g) Medical imaging, (h) Future direction and (i) Summary and outlook. Peptoids are a promising class of peptide mimic making them an excellent platform for functional molecule preparation. Attributes of peptoid oligomers include: (a) the ease of precise sequence definition and mono-dispersity; (b) access to a vast chemical space within simple and repeating chemical preparative steps and (c) thermal, chemical and biological stability all lending support for their application in a number of areas, with some that have been realised to date. The peptoid tool and sensor examples selected have realised practical utility. They serve to illustrate the rapidity of new insight that can generate in many disparate areas of science and technology, enabling the quick assembly of design criteria for efficient peptoid molecular tools and sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian S Culf
- Sussex Research Laboratories, Inc., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Spencer RK, Butterfoss GL, Edison JR, Eastwood JR, Whitelam S, Kirshenbaum K, Zuckermann RN. Stereochemistry of polypeptoid chain configurations. Biopolymers 2019; 110:e23266. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.23266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K. Spencer
- Department of Chemistry University of California Irvine California
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science University of California Irvine California
| | - Glenn L. Butterfoss
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - John R. Edison
- Martin A Fisher School of Physics Brandeis University Waltham Massachusetts
- Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California
| | | | - Stephen Whitelam
- Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California
| | | | | |
Collapse
|