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Jamagne R, Power MJ, Zhang ZH, Zango G, Gibber B, Leigh DA. Active template synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39235620 PMCID: PMC11376342 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00430b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The active template synthesis of mechanically interlocked molecular architectures exploits the dual ability of various structural elements (metals or, in the case of metal-free active template synthesis, particular arrangements of functional groups) to serve as both a template for the organisation of building blocks and as a catalyst to facilitate the formation of covalent bonds between them. This enables the entwined or threaded intermediate structure to be covalently captured under kinetic control. Unlike classical passive template synthesis, the intercomponent interactions transiently used to promote the assembly typically do not 'live on' in the interlocked product, meaning that active template synthesis can be traceless and used for constructing mechanically interlocked molecules that do not feature strong binding interactions between the components. Since its introduction in 2006, active template synthesis has been used to prepare a variety of rotaxanes, catenanes and knots. Amongst the metal-ion-mediated versions of the strategy, the copper(I)-catalysed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) remains the most extensively used transformation, although a broad range of other catalytic reactions and transition metals also provide effective manifolds. In metal-free active template synthesis, the recent discovery of the acceleration of the reaction of primary amines with electrophiles through the cavity of crown ethers has proved effective for forming an array of rotaxanes without recognition elements, including compact rotaxane superbases, dissipatively assembled rotaxanes and molecular pumps. This Review details the active template concept, outlines its advantages and limitations for the synthesis of interlocked molecules, and charts the diverse set of reactions that have been used with this strategy to date. The application of active template synthesis in various domains is discussed, including molecular machinery, mechanical chirality, catalysis, molecular recognition and various aspects of materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Jamagne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Martin J Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Germán Zango
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Benjamin Gibber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
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2
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Codesal MD, David AHG, Santos CIM, Álvaro-Martins MJ, Maçôas E, Campaña AG, Blanco V. Curved Nanographenes as Stoppers in a [2]Rotaxane with Two-Photon Excited Emission. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9344-9351. [PMID: 38907714 PMCID: PMC11232015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Heptagon-containing distorted nanographenes are used as stoppers for the capping of a [2]rotaxane through a Michael-type addition reaction to vinyl sulfone groups. These curved aromatics are bulky enough to prevent the disassembly of the rotaxane but also give emissive and nonlinear (two-photon absorption and emission) optical properties to the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos D Codesal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Arthur H G David
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Carla I M Santos
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria J Álvaro-Martins
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ermelinda Maçôas
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Araceli G Campaña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Victor Blanco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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3
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Maity P, Pradhan H, Das A, Dalapati M, Samanta D. Improving Fatigue Resistance and Autonomous Switching of pH Responsive Hydrazones by Pulses of a Chemical Fuel. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400328. [PMID: 38646974 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The chemically triggered reversible switching of pH-responsive hydrazones involves rotary motion-induced configurational changes, serving as a prototype for constructing an array of molecular machines. Typically, the configurational isomerization of such switches into two distinct forms (E/Z) occurs through the alteration of the pH the medium, achieved by successive additions of acid and base stimuli. However, this process results in intermittent operation due to the concomitant accumulation of salt after each cycle, limiting switching performance to only a few cycles (5-6). In this context, we introduce a novel strategy for the autonomous E/Z isomerization of hydrazones in acetonitrile using pulses of trichloroacetic acid as a chemical fuel. The use of this transient acid enabled reversible switching of hydrazones even after 50 cycles without causing significant fatigue. To test the broad viability of the fuel, a series of ortho/para-substituted hydrazones were synthesized and their switching performance was investigated. The analysis of kinetic data showed a strong dependency of switching operations including the lifetime of transient state, on the electronic properties of substituents. Finally, a distinct color change from yellow to orange due to reversible switching of the para-methoxy substituted hydrazone was employed for the creation of rewritable messages on commercially available paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Maity
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Harekrushna Pradhan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Asesh Das
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Monotosh Dalapati
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Dipak Samanta
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
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4
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Chang X, Xu Y, von Delius M. Recent advances in supramolecular fullerene chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:47-83. [PMID: 37853792 PMCID: PMC10759306 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00937d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene chemistry has come a long way since 1990, when the first bulk production of C60 was reported. In the past decade, progress in supramolecular chemistry has opened some remarkable and previously unexpected opportunities regarding the selective (multiple) functionalization of fullerenes and their (self)assembly into larger structures and frameworks. The purpose of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of these recent developments. We describe how macrocycles and cages that bind strongly to C60 can be used to block undesired addition patterns and thus allow the selective preparation of single-isomer addition products. We also discuss how the emergence of highly shape-persistent macrocycles has opened opportunities for the study of photoactive fullerene dyads and triads as well as the preparation of mechanically interlocked compounds. The preparation of two- or three-dimensional fullerene materials is another research area that has seen remarkable progress over the past few years. Due to the rapidly decreasing price of C60 and C70, we believe that these achievements will translate into all fields where fullerenes have traditionally (third-generation solar cells) and more recently been applied (catalysis, spintronics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmao Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany.
| | - Youzhi Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany.
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5
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Wilmore JT, Cheong Tse Y, Docker A, Whitehead C, Williams CK, Beer PD. Dynamic Metalloporphyrin-Based [2]Rotaxane Molecular Shuttles Stimulated by Neutral Lewis Base and Anion Coordination. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300608. [PMID: 36929530 PMCID: PMC10947143 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
A series of dynamic metalloporphyrin [2]rotaxane molecular shuttles comprising of bis-functionalised Zn(II) porphyrin axle and pyridyl functionalised macrocycle components are prepared in high yield via active metal template synthetic methodology. Extensive variable temperature 1 H NMR and quantitative UV-Vis spectroscopic titration studies demonstrate dynamic macrocycle translocation is governed by an inter-component co-ordination interaction between the macrocycle pyridyl and axle Zn(II) metalloporphyrin, which serves to bias a 'resting state' co-conformation. The dynamic shuttling behaviour of the interlocked structures is dramatically inhibited by the addition of a neutral Lewis base such as pyridine, but can also be tuned via post-synthetic rotaxane demetallation of the porphyrin axle core to give free-base, or upon subsequent metallation, Ni(II) [2]rotaxane analogues. Importantly, the Lewis acidic Zn(II) porphyrin axle component is also capable of coordinating anions which induces mechanical bond shuttling behaviour resulting in a novel optical sensing response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie T. Wilmore
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Yuen Cheong Tse
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Andrew Docker
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Caspar Whitehead
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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6
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Krämer J, Grimm LM, Zhong C, Hirtz M, Biedermann F. A supramolecular cucurbit[8]uril-based rotaxane chemosensor for the optical tryptophan detection in human serum and urine. Nat Commun 2023; 14:518. [PMID: 36720875 PMCID: PMC9889744 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensing small biomolecules in biofluids remains challenging for many optical chemosensors based on supramolecular host-guest interactions due to adverse interplays with salts, proteins, and other biofluid components. Instead of following the established strategy of developing alternative synthetic binders with improved affinities and selectivity, we report a molecular engineering approach that addresses this biofluid challenge. Here we introduce a cucurbit[8]uril-based rotaxane chemosensor feasible for sensing the health-relevant biomarker tryptophan at physiologically relevant concentrations, even in protein- and lipid-containing human blood serum and urine. Moreover, this chemosensor enables emission-based high-throughput screening in a microwell plate format and can be used for label-free enzymatic reaction monitoring and chirality sensing. Printed sensor chips with surface-immobilized rotaxane-microarrays are used for fluorescence microscopy imaging of tryptophan. Our system overcomes the limitations of current supramolecular host-guest chemosensors and will foster future applications of supramolecular sensors for molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Krämer
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Laura M Grimm
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Chunting Zhong
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Hirtz
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Frank Biedermann
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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7
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Mao Q, Das PK, Le Gac S, Boitrel B, Dorcet V, Oohora K, Hayashi T, Kitagishi H. Functional Myoglobin Model Composed of a Strapped Porphyrin/Cyclodextrin Supramolecular Complex with an Overhanging COOH That Increases O 2/CO Binding Selectivity in Aqueous Solution. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12392-12404. [PMID: 34319113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble strapped iron(III)tetraarylporphyrin (FeIIIPor-1) bearing two propylpyridinium groups at the side chains and a carboxylic acid group at the overhanging position of the strap was synthesized to mimic the function of myoglobin with the distal polar functionality in aqueous solution. FeIIIPor-1 forms a stable 1:1 inclusion complex with a per-O-methylated β-cyclodextrin dimer having a pyridine linker (Py3OCD), providing a hydrophobic environment and a proximal fifth ligand to stabilize the O2-complex. The ferrous complex (FeIIPorCD-1) binds both O2 and CO in aqueous solution. The O2 and CO binding affinities (P1/2O2 and P1/2CO) and half-life time (t1/2) of the O2 complex of FeIIPorCD-1 are 6.3 and 0.021 Torr, and 7 h, respectively, at pH 7 and 25 °C. The control compound without the strap structure (FeIIPorCD-2) has similar oxygen binding characteristics (P1/2O2 = 8.0 Torr), but much higher CO binding affinity (P1/2CO = 3.8 × 10-4 Torr), and longer t1/2 (30 h). The O2 and CO kinetics indicate that the strapped structure in FeIIPorCD-1 inhibits the entrance of these gaseous ligands into the iron(II) center, as evidenced by lower konO2 and konCO values. Interestingly, the CO complex of FeIIPorCD-1 is significantly destabilized (relatively larger koffCO), while the koffO2 value is much smaller than that of FeIIPorCD-2, resulting in significantly increased O2/CO selectivity (reduced M value, where M = P1/2O2/P1/2CO = 320) in FeIIPorCD-1 compared to FeIIPorCD-2 (M = 21000).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyue Mao
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe-city, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Pradip K Das
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Stéphane Le Gac
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Bernard Boitrel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Koji Oohora
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kitagishi
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe-city, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
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8
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Rémy M, Nierengarten I, Park B, Holler M, Hahn U, Nierengarten J. Pentafluorophenyl Esters as Exchangeable Stoppers for the Construction of Photoactive [2]Rotaxanes. Chemistry 2021; 27:8492-8499. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Rémy
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7402 LIMA) Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Iwona Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7402 LIMA) Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Boram Park
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7402 LIMA) Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Michel Holler
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7402 LIMA) Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Uwe Hahn
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7402 LIMA) Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Jean‐François Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7402 LIMA) Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
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9
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Chong H, Nie C, Wang L, Wang S, Han Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Yan C. Construction and investigation of photo-switch property of azobenzene-bridged pillar[5]arene-based [3]rotaxanes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Fontana LA, Almeida MP, Alcântara AFP, Rigolin VH, Ribeiro MA, Barros WP, Megiatto JD. Ru(II)Porphyrinate-based molecular nanoreactor for carbene insertion reactions and quantitative formation of rotaxanes by active-metal-template syntheses. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6370. [PMID: 33311502 PMCID: PMC7733472 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Selectivity in N–H and S–H carbene insertion reactions promoted by Ru(II)porphyrinates currently requires slow addition of the diazo precursor and large excess of the primary amine and thiol substrates in the reaction medium. Such conditions are necessary to avoid the undesirable carbene coupling and/or multiple carbene insertions. Here, the authors demonstrate that the synergy between the steric shielding provided by a Ru(II)porphyrinate-based macrocycle with a relatively small central cavity and the kinetic stabilization of otherwise labile coordinative bonds, warranted by formation of the mechanical bond, enables single carbene insertions to occur with quantitative efficiency and perfect selectivity even in the presence of a large excess of the diazo precursor and stoichiometric amounts of the primary amine and thiol substrates. As the Ru(II)porphyrinate-based macrocycle bears a confining nanospace and alters the product distribution of the carbene insertion reactions when compared to that of its acyclic version, the former therefore functions as a nanoreactor. Selectivity in carbene insertion reactions promoted by Ru(II)porphyrinates is achieved only upon careful control of substrate stoichiometry. Here, the authors demonstrate that endotopic catalysis and formation of mechanical bonds enables carbene insertions to occur selectively and in quantitative yield regardless of substrate stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liniquer A Fontana
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marlon P Almeida
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Arthur F P Alcântara
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil.,Instituto Federal do Sertão Pernambucano, Estrada do Tamboril, 56200-000, Ouricuri, Brazil
| | - Vitor H Rigolin
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcos A Ribeiro
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Wdeson P Barros
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jackson D Megiatto
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), POBox 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, Brazil.
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11
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Zanetti‐Polzi L, Djemili R, Durot S, Heitz V, Daidone I, Ventura B. Allosteric Control of Naphthalene Diimide Encapsulation and Electron Transfer in Porphyrin Containers: Photophysical Studies and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Chemistry 2020; 26:17514-17524. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Djemili
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg 4, rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Stéphanie Durot
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg 4, rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Valérie Heitz
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg 4, rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Isabella Daidone
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences University of L'Aquila via Vetoio (Coppito 1) 67010 L'Aquila Italy
| | - Barbara Ventura
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Via P. Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
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12
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Liu S, Wang X, Liu H, Xiao Z, Zhou C, Chen Y, Li X. An Activatable Triplet Sensitizer Based on Triplet Electron Transfer and Its Application for Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:6389-6397. [PMID: 32609515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Activatable triplet photosensitization refers to a photosentization process which can be turned on/off easily by external stimulus. Activatable triplet photosensitizations are normally achieved by interfering with the singlet excited state before the intersystem cross process (ISC), i.e., the formation process of triplet states of sensitizer. To achieve novel activatable triplet photosensitization, a disulfide-bridged porphyrin zinc(II) dyad (ZnPor-S-S-ZnPor) is prepared. Although fast ISC can be conducted in this dyad, an extremely low efficiency is obtained when employing this dyad as a triplet donor in triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) for sensitizing perylene. This is because of the presence of electron transfer from the triplet state of the porphyrin zinc(II) unit to the disulfide bond, which quickly quenches the triplet state of the porphyrin zinc(II) unit. This electron transfer process can be stopped by the cleavage of the disulfide bond in the presence of thiol, and TTA-UC efficiency can be enhanced significantly. Our result demonstrates for the first time that the disulfide bond can act as not only an easy cleavage linker but also a triplet electron acceptor. Furthermore, quenching the triplet states of sensitizer by triplet electron transfer provides an alternative protocol for designing activatable triplet sensitizers except controlling the singlet excited state before the ISC process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- College of Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- College of Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Heyuan Liu
- College of Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Zuoxu Xiao
- College of Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Changjing Zhou
- College of Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Yanli Chen
- College of Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Xiyou Li
- College of Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
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13
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Alcântara AFP, Fontana LA, Almeida MP, Rigolin VH, Ribeiro MA, Barros WP, Megiatto JD. Control over the Redox Cooperative Mechanism of Radical Carbene Transfer Reactions for the Efficient Active‐Metal‐Template Synthesis of [2]Rotaxanes. Chemistry 2020; 26:7808-7822. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur F. P. Alcântara
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
- Instituto Federal do Sertão Pernambucano Estrada do Tamboril 56200-000 Ouricuri Brazil
| | - Liniquer A. Fontana
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
| | - Marlon P. Almeida
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
| | - Vitor H. Rigolin
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
| | - Marcos A. Ribeiro
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514 29075-910 Vitória Brazil
| | - Wdeson P. Barros
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
| | - Jackson D. Megiatto
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) PO Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas Brazil
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14
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Guo Y, Fu H, Shao X, Cai W. Unveiling the Hidden Movements in the Shuttling of Rotaxanes. Chem Res Chin Univ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-020-0092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Kage Y, Shimizu S, Kociok-Köhn G, Furuta H, Pantoş GD. Subphthalocyanine-Stoppered [2]Rotaxanes: Synthesis and Size/Energy Threshold of Slippage. Org Lett 2020; 22:1096-1101. [PMID: 31942791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Subphthalocyanine (SubPc)-stoppered [2]rotaxanes were synthesized for the first time. The rotaxane bearing unsubstituted SubPc as a stopper exhibited an equilibrium of slipping-on and slipping-off, whereas a perfluorinated SubPc stopper completely blocked slippage of the ring due to its slightly larger size. Kinetic studies revealed the Gibbs free energy of activation for the slipping-on and slipping-off processes. The optical properties of the rotaxanes, including photoinduced electron transfer, were also revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyushu University , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Soji Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyushu University , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan.,Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) , Kyushu University , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyushu University , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan.,Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) , Kyushu University , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - G Dan Pantoş
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY , U.K
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16
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Barendt TA, Myers WK, Cornes SP, Lebedeva MA, Porfyrakis K, Marques I, Félix V, Beer PD. The Green Box: An Electronically Versatile Perylene Diimide Macrocyclic Host for Fullerenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:349-364. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Barendt
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - William K. Myers
- Centre for Advanced ESR, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart P. Cornes
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Maria A. Lebedeva
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Kyriakos Porfyrakis
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Marques
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO − Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Vítor Félix
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO − Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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17
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Singha N, Das BK, Pramanik B, Das S, Das D. Freeze the dynamicity: charge transfer complexation assisted control over the reaction pathway. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10035-10039. [PMID: 32015816 PMCID: PMC6977459 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03417j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous CT complexes of donor and acceptor molecules with reactive thiol groups were frozen and lyophilized to get alternate D–A assemblies in the solid state. Oxidation of the thiols resulted in asymmetric disulfides exclusively.
Charge transfer (CT) complexes between electron donor and acceptor molecules provide unique alternate D–A arrangements. However, these arrangements cannot be fully translated into chemo-selective organic transformations as the dynamicity of CT complexes in solution results in the co-existence of D–A assemblies and free monomers during the reaction time-scale. A conceptually new strategy to exploit CT complexes toward chemo-selective products by means of seizing the dynamicity of CT complexes is reported here. Aqueous CT complexes of donor and acceptor molecules bearing reactive thiol groups were frozen instantly and cryo-desiccated to get the alternate D–A assemblies intact in the solid state. Oxidation of reactive thiols in an oxygen rich solvent in the solid state resulted in the formation of the hetero-dimer exclusively. CT complexation and appropriate molecular arrangements are the key factors behind successful execution of this novel methodology. The strategy also paves the way to prepare unsymmetrical disulfide molecules from two dissimilar thiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilotpal Singha
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Assam 781039 , India .
| | - Basab Kanti Das
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Assam 781039 , India .
| | - Bapan Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Assam 781039 , India .
| | - Saurav Das
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Assam 781039 , India .
| | - Debapratim Das
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Assam 781039 , India .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean W. Hewson
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering; Queensland University of Technology; 4001 Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Kathleen M. Mullen
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering; Queensland University of Technology; 4001 Brisbane, Queensland Australia
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