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Sharma A, Kaur N, Singh N. An Encyclopedic Compendium on Chemosensing Supramolecular Metal-Organic Gels. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400258. [PMID: 38629210 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Chemosensing, an interdisciplinary scientific domain, plays a pivotal role ranging from environmental monitoring to healthcare diagnostics and (inter)national security. Metal-organic gels (MOGs) are recognized for their stability, selectivity, and responsiveness, making them valuable for chemosensing applications. Researchers have explored the development of MOGs based on different metal ions and ligands, allowing for tailored properties and sensitivities, and have even demonstrated their applications as portable sensors such as paper-based test strips for practical use. Herein, several studies related to MOGs development and their applications in the chemosensing field via UV-visible or luminance along with electrochemical approach are presented. These papers explored MOGs as versatile materials with their use in sensing bio or environmental analytes. This review provides a foundational understanding of key concepts, methodologies, and recent advancements in this field, fostering the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, 140001, Rupnagar, Panjab, India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, 160014, Chandigarh, India
| | - Narinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, 140001, Rupnagar, Panjab, India
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Kim J, Kim C, Lee D. Fluoride-triggered phase transition of metallogels for on-demand in situ containment of fluids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1762-1765. [PMID: 38251973 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06023c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Sol-gel transition regulates mass transport in fluidic systems. We designed pre-gelators that react with fluoride anions to form a metallogel barrier. A combination of spectroscopic, rheological, and X-ray spectroscopic studies elucidated the mechanism of gelation involving desilylation followed by metal coordination-driven self-assembly, the kinetics of which can be finely controlled by the chemical structure of the silyl substituents. Protonation-induced degelation restores flow, allowing the metallogel to function as a reversible chemical valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju 55324, Korea
| | - Chungryeol Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Li B, Xiao D, Gai X, Yan B, Ye H, Tang L, Zhou Q. A multi-responsive organogel and colloid based on the self-assembly of a Ag(i)-azopyridine coordination polymer. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:3654-3663. [PMID: 33666629 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00013f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, through the coordination of C3 symmetric azopyridine ligands and Ag(i), coordination polymers with azo groups on the main chain were prepared. The trans coordination polymer formed an organogel with a network of nanofibers at low critical gelation concentrations, and it exhibited the abilities of self-healing and multi-stimuli response to heating, light, mechanical shearing, and chemicals due to the presence of dynamic coordinating bonds. On the other hand, the cis coordination polymer was found to assemble into nanoparticles to give a responsive colloid, which can produce fibrous precipitation in several days upon visible light irradiation due to the isomerization of the azo groups. This work provides a novel example for the design of a multi-responsive organogel and colloid based on the structural transformation of coordination polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botian Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, P. R. China
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Tian Y, Wang C, Wang G, Xu L, Wang H. Ag-Induced metallogel based on cyclooctatetrathiophene: structural characterization and stimuli-responsive properties. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:341-345. [PMID: 33415325 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01957g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Based on saddle-shaped cyclooctathiophene (COTh) as a building block, ligands 2 and 3 were synthesized bearing 3- or 4-substituted pyridyl groups as coordination groups, which showed strong gelation abilities with AgBF4 in several solvents at room temperature. This Ag+-induced metallogel exhibited outstanding stimuli-responsive properties upon addition of halogen ions, acetonitrile or H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Guangxia Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Li Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
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Sun S, Wei C, Xiao Y, Li G, Zhang J. Zirconium-based metal-organic framework gels for selective luminescence sensing. RSC Adv 2020; 10:44912-44919. [PMID: 35516264 PMCID: PMC9058640 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09035b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic gelation represents a promising approach to fabricate functional nanomaterials. Herein a series of Zr-carboxylate gels are synthesized from rigid pyrene, porphyrin and tetraphenyl ethylene-derived tetracarboxylate linkers, namely Zr-TBAPy (H4TBAPy = 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(4-carboxylphenyl)pyrene), Zr-TCPE (H4TCPE = 1,1,2,2-tetra(4-carboxylphenyl)ethylene), and Zr-TCPP (H4TCPP = 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin). The gels are aggregated from metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles. Zr-TBAPy gel consists of NU-901 nanoparticles, and Zr-TCPP gel consists of PCN-224 nanoparticles. The xerogels show high surface areas up to 1203 m2 g-1. MOF gel films are also anchored on the butterfly wing template to yield Zr-MOF/B composites. Zr-TBAPy and Zr-TCPE gels are luminescent for solution-phase sensing and vapour-phase sensing of volatile organic compounds, and exhibit a significant luminescence quenching effect for electron-deficient analytes. Arising from the high porosity and good dispersion of luminescent MOF gels, rapid and effective vapour-sensing of nitrobenzene and 2-nitrotoluene within 30 s has been achieved via Zr-TBAPy film or Zr-TBAPy/B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujian Sun
- MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Caifeng Wei
- MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yali Xiao
- MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Guangqin Li
- MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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Kolari K, Bulatov E, Tatikonda R, Bertula K, Kalenius E, Haukka M. Self-healing, luminescent metallogelation driven by synergistic metallophilic and fluorine-fluorine interactions. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:2795-2802. [PMID: 32104828 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02186h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Square planar platinum(ii) complexes are attractive building blocks for multifunctional soft materials due to their unique optoelectronic properties. However, for soft materials derived from synthetically simple discrete metal complexes, achieving a combination of optical properties, thermoresponsiveness and excellent mechanical properties is a major challenge. Here, we report the rapid self-recovery of luminescent metallogels derived from platinum(ii) complexes of perfluoroalkyl and alkyl derivatives of terpyridine ligands. Using single crystal X-ray diffraction studies, we show that the presence of synergistic platinum-platinum (PtPt) metallopolymerization and fluorine-fluorine (FF) interactions are the major driving forces in achieving hierarchical superstructures. The resulting bright red gels showed the presence of highly entangled three-dimensional networks and helical nanofibres with both (P and M) handedness. The gels recover up to 87% of their original storage modulus even after several cycles under oscillatory step-strain rheological measurements showing rapid self-healing. The luminescence properties, along with thermo- and mechanoresponsive gelation, provide the potential to utilize synthetically simple discrete complexes in advanced optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalle Kolari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P. O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Abstract
Hierarchically nested hosts offer new opportunities to control the guest binding of the inner host, functionalize the cavity of the outer host, and investigate communication between different layers. Here we report a self-assembled triazatruxene-based FeII4L4 capsule, which was able to encapsulate a covalent cage, cryptophane-111 (CRY). The resulting cage-in-cage complex was capable of accommodating a cesium cation or xenon atom with altered guest binding behavior compared to the CRY alone. A crystal structure of the Russian doll complex [Cs+⊂CRY]⊂FeII4L4 unambiguously demonstrated the unusual encapsulation of a cation within a capsule bearing a 8+ charge. Moreover, the binding of enantiopure CRY occurred with high enantioselectivity (530-fold) between the two enantiomers of the tetrahedron. This discrimination resulted in stereochemical information transfer from the inner covalent cage to the outer self-assembled capsule, leading to the formation of enantiopure [guest⊂cage]⊂cage complexes. The stereochemistry of the tetrahedron persisted even after displacement of CRY with an achiral guest.
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