1
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Liu M, Uyeda C. Redox Approaches to Carbene Generation in Catalytic Cyclopropanation Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406218. [PMID: 38752878 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed carbene transfer reactions have a century-old history in organic chemistry and are a primary method for the synthesis of cyclopropanes. Much of the work in this field has focused on the use of diazo compounds and related precursors, which can transfer a carbene fragment to a catalyst with concomitant loss of a stable byproduct. Despite the utility of this approach, there are persistent limitations in the scope of viable carbenes, most notably those lacking stabilizing substituents. By coupling carbene transfer chemistry with two-electron redox cycles, it is possible to expand the available starting materials that can be used as carbene precursors. In this Minireview, we discuss emerging catalytic reductive cyclopropanation reactions using either gem-dihaloalkanes or carbonyl compounds. This strategy is inspired by classic stoichiometric transformations, such as the Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation and the Clemmensen reduction, but instead entails the formation of a catalytically generated transition metal carbene or carbenoid. We also present recent efforts to generate carbenes directly from methylene (CR2H2) groups via a formal 1,1-dehydrogenation. These reactions are currently restricted to substrates containing electron-withdrawing substituents, which serve to facilitate deprotonation and subsequent oxidation of the anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Christopher Uyeda
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Dr., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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2
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Ma X, Beard AM, Burgess SA, Darlak M, Newman JA, Nogle LM, Pietrafitta MJ, Smith DA, Wang X, Yue L. General Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained Noncanonical Amino Acids with C( sp3)-Rich Benzene Bioisosteres. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5010-5018. [PMID: 38532573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Recent years have seen novel modalities emerge for the treatment of human diseases resulting in an increase in beyond rule of 5 (bRo5) chemical matter. As a result, synthetic innovations aiming to enable rapid access to complex bRo5 molecular entities have become increasingly valuable for medicinal chemists' toolkits. Herein, we report the general synthesis of a new class of noncanonical amino acids (ncAA) with a cyclopropyl backbone to achieve conformational constraint and bearing C(sp3)-rich benzene bioisosteres. We also demonstrate preliminary studies toward utilities of these ncAA as building blocks for medicinal chemistry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshen Ma
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Adam M Beard
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Samantha A Burgess
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Miroslawa Darlak
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Justin A Newman
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Lisa M Nogle
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Mark J Pietrafitta
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - David A Smith
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Xiao Wang
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Lei Yue
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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3
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Lee WCC, Wang J, Zhu Y, Zhang XP. Asymmetric Radical Bicyclization for Stereoselective Construction of Tricyclic Chromanones and Chromanes with Fused Cyclopropanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11622-11632. [PMID: 37129381 PMCID: PMC10249947 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric radical bicyclization processes have been developed via metalloradical catalysis (MRC) to stereoselectively construct chiral chromanones and chromanes bearing fused cyclopropanes. Through optimization of a versatile D2-symmetric chiral amidoporphyrin ligand platform, a Co(II)-metalloradical system can homolytically activate both diazomalonates and α-aryldiazomethanes containing different alkene functionalities under mild conditions for effective radical bicyclization, delivering cyclopropane-fused tricyclic chromanones and chromanes, respectively, in high yields with excellent control of both diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities. Combined computational and experimental studies, including the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) detection and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) trapping of key radical intermediates, shed light on the working details of the underlying stepwise radical mechanisms of the Co(II)-catalyzed bicyclization processes. The two catalytic radical processes provide effective synthetic tools for stereoselective construction of valuable cyclopropane-fused chromanones and chromanes with newly generated contiguous stereogenic centers. As a specific demonstration of synthetic application, the Co(II)-catalyzed radical bicyclization has been employed as a key step for the first asymmetric total synthesis of the natural product (+)-Radulanin J.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Cindy Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Yiling Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - X Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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4
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Steiniger KA, Lambert TH. Olefination of carbonyls with alkenes enabled by electrophotocatalytic generation of distonic radical cations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg3026. [PMID: 37058559 PMCID: PMC10104462 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of carbonyls to olefins is a transformation of great importance for complex molecule synthesis. Standard methods use stoichiometric reagents that have poor atom economy and require strongly basic conditions, which limit their functional group compatibility. An ideal solution would be to catalytically olefinate carbonyls under nonbasic conditions using simple and widely available alkenes, yet no such broadly applicable reaction is known. Here, we demonstrate a tandem electrochemical/electrophotocatalytic reaction to olefinate aldehydes and ketones with a broad range of unactivated alkenes. This method involves the oxidation-induced denitrogenation of cyclic diazenes to form 1,3-distonic radical cations that rearrange to yield the olefin products. This olefination reaction is enabled by an electrophotocatalyst that inhibits back-electron transfer to the radical cation intermediate, thus allowing for the selective formation of olefin products. The method is compatible with a wide range of aldehydes, ketones, and alkene partners.
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5
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Tanbouza N, Petti A, Leech MC, Caron L, Walsh JM, Lam K, Ollevier T. Electrosynthesis of Stabilized Diazo Compounds from Hydrazones. Org Lett 2022; 24:4665-4669. [PMID: 35727690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical synthesis of diazo compounds from hydrazones in yields as high as 99% was performed. This method was elaborated as a useful synthetic method and demonstrated on various diazo compounds (24 examples). Apart from exhibiting an efficiency that matched that of commonly used harsh and toxic chemical oxidants, this reaction is practically simple to set up, requires mild conditions, and is highly electron efficient (3 F/mol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Tanbouza
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Alessia Petti
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, U.K
| | - Matthew C Leech
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, U.K
| | - Laurent Caron
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jamie M Walsh
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, U.K
| | - Kevin Lam
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, U.K
| | - Thierry Ollevier
- Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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6
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Ben Hamadi N, Guesmi A. Synthesis of New Spiro-Cyclopropanes Prepared by Non-Stabilized Diazoalkane Exhibiting an Extremely High Insecticidal Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082470. [PMID: 35458668 PMCID: PMC9025669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of new insecticidal gem-dimethyspiro-cyclopropanes derived from pyrrolidine-2,3-dione have been described, and their biological effect against different insect species has been evaluated. The presented results demonstrate the excellent insecticidal activity of cyclopropane 5c against Aedes aegypti and Musca domestica. Cyclopropane 5c showed the quickest knockdown and the best killing against Aedes aegypti and Musca domestica compared to trans-chrysanthemic acid and pyrethrin. The biological results of the high insecticidal activity were confirmed by the results of docking. This is evident in the binding affinity obtained for cyclopropane 5c, indicating good binding with an important active amino acid residue of the 5FT3 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoufel Ben Hamadi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, IMSIU (Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University), P.O. Box 5701, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia;
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Faculty of Science of Monastir, UM (University of Monastir), Avenue of Environment, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ahlem Guesmi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, IMSIU (Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University), P.O. Box 5701, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia;
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Faculty of Science of Monastir, UM (University of Monastir), Avenue of Environment, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
- Textile Engineering Laboratory, Higher Institute of Technological Studies of Ksar Hellal, UM (University of Monastir), Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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7
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Tanbouza N, Caron L, Khoshoei A, Ollevier T. Catalytic Bismuth(V)-Mediated Oxidation of Hydrazones into Diazo Compounds. Org Lett 2022; 24:2675-2678. [PMID: 35349286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A new bismuth(V) oxidative catalytic system has been developed and applied for the conversion of hydrazones into diazo compounds. With the use of low catalytic amounts of Ph3Bi and AcOH with NaBO3·H2O as a terminal oxidant, the in situ formation of Ph3Bi(OAc)2 is capable of oxidizing hydrazones in excellent yields. The reaction was applied for the synthesis of diazocarbonyls and 2,2,2-trifluoromethyl diazoalkanes in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Tanbouza
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Laurent Caron
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Azadeh Khoshoei
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Thierry Ollevier
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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8
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Zhang X, Tian C, Wang Z, Sivaguru P, Nolan SP, Bi X. Fluoroalkyl N-Triftosylhydrazones as Easily Decomposable Diazo Surrogates for Asymmetric [2 + 1] Cycloaddition: Synthesis of Chiral Fluoroalkyl Cyclopropenes and Cyclopropanes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Chunqi Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhanjing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | | | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xihe Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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9
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Qiu Y, Lu K, Wei B, Qian Z, He Z. P III-Mediated Intramolecular Cyclopropanation and Synthesis of Cyclopropa[ c]coumarins. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202104036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Hatridge TA, Liu W, Yoo C, Davies HML, Jones CW. Optimized Immobilization Strategy for Dirhodium(II) Carboxylate Catalysts for C−H Functionalization and Their Implementation in a Packed Bed Flow Reactor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. Hatridge
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Dr Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Chemistry Emory University 1515 Dickey Drive Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Chun‐Jae Yoo
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Dr Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry Emory University 1515 Dickey Drive Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Dr Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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11
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Hatridge TA, Liu W, Yoo CJ, Davies HML, Jones CW. Optimized Immobilization Strategy for Dirhodium(II) Carboxylate Catalysts for C-H Functionalization and Their Implementation in a Packed Bed Flow Reactor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19525-19531. [PMID: 32483912 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein we demonstrate a packed bed flow reactor capable of achieving highly regio- and stereoselective C-H functionalization reactions using a newly developed Rh2 (S-2-Cl-5-CF3 TPCP)4 catalyst. To optimize the immobilized dirhodium catalyst employed in the flow reactor, we systematically study both (i) the effects of ligand immobilization position, demonstrating the critical factor that the catalyst-support attachment location can have on the catalyst performance, and (ii) silica support mesopore length, demonstrating that decreasing diffusional limitations leads to increased accessibility of the active site and higher catalyst turnover frequency. We employ the immobilized dirhodium catalyst in a simple packed bed flow reactor achieving comparable yields and levels of enantioselectivity to the homogeneous catalyst employed in batch and maintain this performance over ten catalyst recycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Hatridge
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Chun-Jae Yoo
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Huw M L Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Christopher W Jones
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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12
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Pellegrino S, Erba E, Bucci R, Clerici F. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Pyrazolines by Metal-Free Rearrangement of Bicyclic Triazolines. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The metal-free preparation of diazoalkanes through the ring rearrangement of bicyclic triazolines is reported here. Their use in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with electron-withdrawing alkenes was investigated. This synthetic procedure allows differently substituted pyrazolines to be obtained in few steps and with high atom economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pellegrino
- DISFARM-Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano
| | - Emanuela Erba
- DISFARM-Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano
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Fang J, Howard EM, Brewer M. A Conjugate Addition Approach to Diazo-Containing Scaffolds with β Quaternary Centers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12827-12831. [PMID: 32365265 PMCID: PMC11157584 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Structurally complex diazo-containing scaffolds are formed by conjugate addition to vinyl diazonium salts. The electrophile, a little studied α-diazonium-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound, is formed at low temperature under mild conditions by treating β-hydroxy-α-diazo carbonyls with Sc(OTf)3 . Conjugate addition occurs selectively at the 3-position of indole to give α-diazo-β-indole carbonyls, and enoxy silanes react to give 2-diazo-1,4-dicarbonyl products. These reactions result in the formation of tertiary and quaternary centers, and give products that would be otherwise difficult to form. Importantly, the diazo functional group is retained within the molecule for future manipulation. Treating an α-diazo ester indole addition product with Rh2 (OAc)4 caused a rearrangement to occur to give a 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-enoate. In the case of diazo ketone compounds, this shift occurred spontaneously on prolonged exposure to the Lewis acidic reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Innovation Hall, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT, 05495, USA
| | - Evan M Howard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Innovation Hall, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT, 05495, USA
| | - Matthias Brewer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Innovation Hall, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT, 05495, USA
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14
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Li X, Wang Y, Yang H, Yin D, Tian Y. Design of Hydrazone-Modified 1,8-Naphthalimides as Fluorogenic Click Probes Based on Nitrile Imine-Alkyne Cycloaddition. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine; Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation; Institute of Materia Medica; Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; 1 Xian Nong Tan Street 100050 Beijing China
| | - Yongcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine; Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation; Institute of Materia Medica; Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; 1 Xian Nong Tan Street 100050 Beijing China
| | - Hong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine; Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation; Institute of Materia Medica; Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; 1 Xian Nong Tan Street 100050 Beijing China
| | - Dali Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine; Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation; Institute of Materia Medica; Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; 1 Xian Nong Tan Street 100050 Beijing China
| | - Yulin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine; Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation; Institute of Materia Medica; Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; 1 Xian Nong Tan Street 100050 Beijing China
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15
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Fang J, Howard EM, Brewer M. A Conjugate Addition Approach to Diazo‐Containing Scaffolds with β Quaternary Centers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fang
- Department of Chemistry University of Vermont Innovation Hall, 82 University Place Burlington VT 05495 USA
| | - Evan M. Howard
- Department of Chemistry University of Vermont Innovation Hall, 82 University Place Burlington VT 05495 USA
| | - Matthias Brewer
- Department of Chemistry University of Vermont Innovation Hall, 82 University Place Burlington VT 05495 USA
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16
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Wang HX, Wan Q, Low KH, Zhou CY, Huang JS, Zhang JL, Che CM. Stable group 8 metal porphyrin mono- and bis(dialkylcarbene) complexes: synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2243-2259. [PMID: 32180931 PMCID: PMC7047983 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05432d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkyl-substituted carbene (CHR or CR2, R = alkyl) complexes have been extensively studied for alkylcarbene (CHR) ligands coordinated with high-valent early transition metal ions (a.k.a. Schrock carbenes or alkylidenes), yet dialkylcarbene (CR2) complexes remain less developed with bis(dialkylcarbene) species being little (if at all) explored. Herein, several group 8 metal porphyrin dialkylcarbene complexes, including Fe- and Ru-mono(dialkylcarbene) complexes [M(Por)(Ad)] (1a,b, M = Fe, Por = porphyrinato dianion, Ad = 2-adamantylidene; 2a,b, M = Ru) and Os-bis(dialkylcarbene) complexes [Os(Por)(Ad)2] (3a-c), are synthesized and crystallographically characterized. Detailed investigations into their electronic structures reveal that these complexes are formally low-valent M(ii)-carbene in nature. These complexes display remarkable thermal stability and chemical inertness, which are rationalized by a synergistic effect of strong metal-carbene covalency, hyperconjugation, and a rigid diamondoid carbene skeleton. Various spectroscopic techniques and DFT calculations suggest that the dialkylcarbene Ad ligand is unique compared to other common carbene ligands as it acts as both a potent σ-donor and π-acceptor; its unique electronic and structural features, together with the steric effect of the porphyrin macrocycle, make its Fe porphyrin complex 1a an active and robust catalyst for intermolecular diarylcarbene transfer reactions including cyclopropanation (up to 90% yield) and X-H (X = S, N, O, C) insertion (up to 99% yield) reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , China .
| | - Qingyun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , China .
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , China .
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , China .
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Jinan University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jie-Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , China .
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , China .
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation , Shenzhen , China
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17
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Werth J, Berger K, Uyeda C. Cobalt Catalyzed Reductive Spirocyclopropanation Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2020; 362:348-352. [PMID: 33192219 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt pyridine-diimine (PDI) complexes catalyze the reductive spirocyclopropanation of terminal 1,3-dienes. gem-Dichlorocycloalkanes serve as carbene precursors and Zn is used as a terminal electron source. The reaction is effective for a range of gem-dichloro partners including those containing sulfur and nitrogen heterocycles. An example of an intramolecular Rh-catalyzed [5 + 2]-cycloaddition of a vinyl spirocyclopropane is demonstrated, providing rapid access to a complex tricyclic framework. Overall, this catalyst system is capable of suppressing the kinetically facile 1,2-hydride shift, which has hampered the development of Simmons-Smith reactions using Zn carbenoids possessing β-hydrogen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Werth
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kristen Berger
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christopher Uyeda
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Zhang J, Hao J, Huang Z, Han J, He Z. PIII-Mediated intramolecular cyclopropanation and metal-free synthesis of cyclopropane-fused heterocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10251-10254. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04086j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The carbene-like reactivity of the Kukhtin–Ramirez adduct enables the first reductive intramolecular cyclopropanation, which provides easy access to highly functionalized cyclopropane-fused heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Jiahang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Zhengjie He
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
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19
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Sun JC, Li JL, Ji CB, Peng YY, Zeng XP. Construction of Cyclopropa[c]coumarins via cascade Michael-alkylation process of 3-cyanocoumarin with 2-bromomalonate. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Milligan JA, Burns KL, Le AV, Polites VC, Wang ZJ, Molander GA, Kelly CB. Radical-Polar Crossover Annulation: A Platform for Accessing Polycyclic Cyclopropanes. Adv Synth Catal 2019; 362:242-247. [PMID: 34084099 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Photoredox-mediated radical/polar crossover (RPC) processes provide unique solutions to challenging annulations. Herein, we describe an approach to the cyclopropanation of olefins that are embedded within bicyclic scaffolds. Whereas these systems are notoriously recalcitrant toward classical cyclopropanation approaches, RPC cyclopropanation can be executed with ease, leading to polycarbocyclic and polyheterocyclic cyclopropanes. The cyclopropanation proceeds through a photoredox-enabled Giese-type radical addition followed by an intramolecular anionic substitution reaction on a neopentyl leaving group.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Milligan
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
| | - Kevin L Burns
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, P.O. Box 842006, Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA.,Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Biotech 8, 737 North Fifth Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23219, USA
| | - Anthony V Le
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, P.O. Box 842006, Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA.,Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Biotech 8, 737 North Fifth Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23219, USA
| | - Viktor C Polites
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
| | - Zheng-Jun Wang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 41000, China
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
| | - Christopher B Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, P.O. Box 842006, Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA.,Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Biotech 8, 737 North Fifth Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23219, USA
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