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Hybrid Nanoparticles at Fluid-Fluid Interfaces: Insight from Theory and Simulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054564. [PMID: 36901995 PMCID: PMC10003740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid nanoparticles that combine special properties of their different parts have numerous applications in electronics, optics, catalysis, medicine, and many others. Of the currently produced particles, Janus particles and ligand-tethered (hairy) particles are of particular interest both from a practical and purely cognitive point of view. Understanding their behavior at fluid interfaces is important to many fields because particle-laden interfaces are ubiquitous in nature and industry. We provide a review of the literature, focusing on theoretical studies of hybrid particles at fluid-fluid interfaces. Our goal is to give a link between simple phenomenological models and advanced molecular simulations. We analyze the adsorption of individual Janus particles and hairy particles at the interfaces. Then, their interfacial assembly is also discussed. The simple equations for the attachment energy of various Janus particles are presented. We discuss how such parameters as the particle size, the particle shape, the relative sizes of different patches, and the amphiphilicity affect particle adsorption. This is essential for taking advantage of the particle capacity to stabilize interfaces. Representative examples of molecular simulations were presented. We show that the simple models surprisingly well reproduce experimental and simulation data. In the case of hairy particles, we concentrate on the effects of reconfiguration of the polymer brushes at the interface. This review is expected to provide a general perspective on the subject and may be helpful to many researchers and technologists working with particle-laden layers.
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Lüders A, Zander E, Nielaba P. Microscopic diffusion coefficients of dumbbell- and spherocylinder-shaped colloids and their application in simulations of crowded monolayers. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:104113. [PMID: 34525819 DOI: 10.1063/5.0060063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We explore the diffusion properties of colloidal particles with dumbbell and spherocylinder shapes using a hydrodynamic bead-shell approach and additional Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations. By applying the bead-shell method, we determine empirical formulas for the microscopic diffusion coefficients. A comparison of these formulas and established experimental and theoretical results shows remarkable agreement. For example, the maximum relative discrepancy found for dumbbells is less than 5%. As an application example of the empirical formulas, we perform two-dimensional (2D) BD simulations based on a single dumbbell or spherocylinder in a suspension of spheres and calculate the resulting effective long-time diffusion coefficients. The performed BD simulations can be compared to quasi-2D systems such as colloids confined at the interface of two fluids. We find that the effective diffusion coefficient of translation mostly depends on the sphere area fraction ϕ, while the effective diffusion coefficient of rotation is influenced by the aspect ratio and ϕ. Furthermore, the effective rotational diffusion constant seems to depend on the particle shape with the corresponding implementation of the interactions. In the resolution limit of our methods, the shape-dependent differences of the microscopic diffusion coefficients and the long-time diffusion constant of translation are negligible in the first approximation. The determined empirical formulas for the microscopic diffusion coefficients add to the knowledge of the diffusion of anisotropic particles, and they can be used in countless future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Lüders
- Statistical and Computational Physics, Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ellen Zander
- Statistical and Computational Physics, Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Peter Nielaba
- Statistical and Computational Physics, Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
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Stuckert R, Lüders A, Wittemann A, Nielaba P. Phase behaviour in 2D assemblies of dumbbell-shaped colloids generated under geometrical confinement. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:6519-6535. [PMID: 34180929 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00635e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The structure formation and the phase behaviour of monolayers of dumbbell-shaped colloids are explored. For this, we conduct Langmuir-Blodgett experiments at the air/water interface and conventional Brownian dynamic simulations without hydrodynamic interactions. Using Voronoi tessellations and the probability density of the corresponding shape factor of the Voronoi cells p(ζ), the influence of the area fraction φ on the structure of the monolayers is investigated. An increase of the area fraction leads to a higher percentage of domains containing particles with six nearest neighbours and a sharper progression of p(ζ). Especially in dense systems, these domains can consist of aligned particles with uniform Voronoi cells. Thus, the increase of φ enhances the order of the monolayers. Simulations show that a sufficient enhancement of φ also impacts the pair correlation function which develops a substructure in its first maxima. Furthermore, we find that reducing the barrier speed in the Langmuir-Blodgett experiments enhances the final area fraction for a given target surface pressure which, in turn, also increases the percentage of particles with six nearest neighbours and sharpens the progression of p(ζ). Overall, the experiments and simulations show a remarkable qualitative agreement which indicates a versatile way of characterising colloidal monolayers by Brownian dynamics simulations. This opens up perspectives for application to a broad range of nanoparticle-based thin film coatings and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouven Stuckert
- Colloid Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Anton Lüders
- Statistical and Computational Physics, Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Alexander Wittemann
- Colloid Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Peter Nielaba
- Statistical and Computational Physics, Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstrasse 10, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany.
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Anzivino C, Soligno G, van Roij R, Dijkstra M. Chains of cubic colloids at fluid-fluid interfaces. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:965-975. [PMID: 33284927 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01815e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by recent experimental observations of spontaneous chain formation of cubic particles adsorbed at a fluid-fluid interface, we theoretically investigate whether capillary interactions can be responsible for this self-assembly process. We calculate adsorption energies, equilibrium particle orientations, and interfacial deformations, not only for a variety of contact angles but also for single cubes as well as an infinite 2D lattice of cubes at the interface. This allows us to construct a ground-state phase diagram as a function of areal density for several contact angles, and upon combining the capillary energy of a 2D lattice with a simple expression for the entropy of a 2D fluid we also construct temperature-density or size-density phase diagrams that exhibit large two-phase regions and triple points. We identify several regimes with stable chainlike structures, in line with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Anzivino
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Duan Y, Zhao X, Sun M, Hao H. Research Advances in the Synthesis, Application, Assembly, and Calculation of Janus Materials. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xia Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shan xi, China
| | - Miaomiao Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shan xi, China
| | - Hong Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, Shan xi, China
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Equilibrium Orientation and Adsorption of an Ellipsoidal Janus Particle at a Fluid–Fluid Interface. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids4040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the equilibrium orientation and adsorption process of a single, ellipsoidal Janus particle at a fluid–fluid interface. The particle surface comprises equally sized parts that are hydrophobic or hydrophilic. We present free energy models to predict the equilibrium orientation and compare the theoretical predictions with lattice Boltzmann simulations. We find that the deformation of the fluid interface strongly influences the equilibrium orientation of the Janus ellipsoid. The adsorption process of the Janus ellipsoid can lead to different final orientations determined by the interplay of particle aspect ratio and particle wettablity contrast.
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Chang F, Ouhajji S, Townsend A, Sanogo Lacina K, van Ravensteijn BGP, Kegel WK. Controllable synthesis of patchy particles with tunable geometry and orthogonal chemistry. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 582:333-341. [PMID: 32827958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Self-assembly using anisotropic colloidal building blocks may lead to superstructures similar to those found in molecular systems yet can have unique optical, electronic, and structural properties. To widen the spectrum of achievable superstructures and related properties, significant effort was devoted to the synthesis of new types of colloidal particles. Despite these efforts, the preparation of anisotropic colloids carrying chemically orthogonal anchor groups on distinct surface patches remains an elusive challenge. EXPERIMENTS We report a simple yet effective method for synthesizing patchy particles via seed-mediated heterogeneous nucleation. Key to this procedure is the use of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TPM) or 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl acrylate (TMSPA), which can form patches on a variety of functional polymer seeds via a nucleation and growth mechanism. FINDINGS A family of anisotropic colloids with tunable numbers of patches and patch arrangements were prepared. By continuously feeding TPM or TMSPA the geometry of the colloids could be adjusted accurately. Furthermore, the patches could be reshaped by selectively polymerizing and/or solvating the individual colloidal compartments. Relying on the chemically distinct properties of the TPM/TMSPA and seed-derived domains, both types of patches could be functionalized independently. Combining detailed control over the patch chemistry and geometry opens new avenues for colloidal self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Chang
- Van't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Samia Ouhajji
- Van't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alice Townsend
- Van't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kanvaly Sanogo Lacina
- Van't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas G P van Ravensteijn
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Willem K Kegel
- Van't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Surface tension anomaly observed for chemically-modified Janus particles at the air/water interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 558:95-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Soligno G, Vanmaekelbergh D. Phase diagrams of honeycomb and square nanocrystal superlattices from the nanocrystal’s surface chemistry at the dispersion-air interface. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:234702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5128122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Soligno
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Vanmaekelbergh
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
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Razavi S, Lin B, Lee KYC, Tu RS, Kretzschmar I. Impact of Surface Amphiphilicity on the Interfacial Behavior of Janus Particle Layers under Compression. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:15813-15824. [PMID: 31269790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Langmuir monolayers of silica/gold Janus particles with two different degrees of amphiphilicity have been examined to study the significance of particle surface amphiphilicity on the structure and mechanical properties of the interfacial layers. The response of the layers to the applied compression provides insight into the nature and strength of the interparticle interactions. Different collapse modes observed for the interfacial layers are linked to the amphiphilicity of Janus particles and their configuration at the interface. Molecular dynamics simulations on nanoparticles with similar contact angles provide insight on the arrangement of particles at the interface and support our conclusion that the interfacial configuration and collapse of anisotropic particles at the air/water interface are controlled by particle amphiphilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Razavi
- Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering , University of Oklahoma , Norman , Oklahoma 73019 , United States
| | | | | | - Raymond S Tu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , City College of the City University of New York , New York , New York 10031 , United States
| | - Ilona Kretzschmar
- Department of Chemical Engineering , City College of the City University of New York , New York , New York 10031 , United States
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