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Derakhshandeh K, Ghalaei PM, Aryaeinejad S, Hoseini SA. Wheat germ agglutinin conjugated chitosan nanoparticles for gemcitabine delivery in MCF-7 cells; synthesis, characterisation and in vitro cytotoxicity studies. J Cancer Res Ther 2024; 20:167-175. [PMID: 38554316 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1583_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND AIM Numerous clinical trials indicated combination regimens containing gemcitabine could extend progression-free survival of breast cancer patients without increasing the incidence of serious adverse effects. Orally administered gemcitabine is being metabolized by enzymes present in intestinal cells rapidly; thereupon, the current study was aimed to preparing, optimizing, and evaluating cytotoxicity of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated gemcitabine-chitosan nanoparticles (WGA-Gem-CNPs) in MCF-7 and HEK293 cells and to determining their cellular uptake by Caco-2 cells. METHODS Gem-CNPs were prepared by Ionic Gelation method and optimum formulation was implied for WGA conjugation optimisation. Nanoparticles formation was approved by FTIR and DSC analyses; then particles were characterized by DLS and release profile was prepared. MTT assay was performed in MCF-7 and HEK293. RESULTS Optimized Gem-CNPs and WGA-Gem-CNPs particle size were estimated as 126.6 ± 21.8 and 144.8 ± 36.1 nm, respectively. WGA conjugation efficacy was calculated as 50.98 ± 2.32 percent and encapsulation efficiency in WGA-Gem-CNPs was 69.44 ± 3.41 percent. Three-hour Caco-2 cellular uptake from Gem-CNPs and WGA-Gem-CNPs were estimated as averagely 3.5 and 4.5 folds higher than free drug, respectively. Gem-CNPs and WGA-Gem-CNPs reduced IC50 in MCF-7 cells by 2 and 2.5 folds, respectively; such decrease for HEK293 cells was as much as 2.4 and 6.3 folds, in same order. CONCLUSION Demonstrated significant in vitro uptake of WGA-Gem-CNPs and cytotoxicity might be considered for more studies as a potential carrier for oral delivery of gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Derakhshandeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Shi J, Liu C, Luo S, Zhang Y, Li M, Zhou M, Weng M, Li X, Zheng T. Protocol for the identification and expression analysis of a cytoplasmic membrane-localized protein STING. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102172. [PMID: 36943863 PMCID: PMC10041549 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a protocol for the detection of the two STING isoforms (erSTING and pmSTING) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or mouse splenocytes using Western blot and PCR. We detail steps to construct plasmids encoding each isoform and transfer them into mouse and human cell lines. Finally, we describe how to detect cell membrane localization of pmSTING using flow cytometry, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence. This protocol is applicable for proteins with well-predicted topological structures. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Li et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Shi
- Department of Phase 1 Trials Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology of Heilongjiang Province, No.150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Caiqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology of Heilongjiang Province, No.150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Shengnan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology of Heilongjiang Province, No.150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology of Heilongjiang Province, No.150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Mingwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology of Heilongjiang Province, No.150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology of Heilongjiang Province, No.150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Mingjiao Weng
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, No.157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology of Heilongjiang Province, No.150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
| | - Tongsen Zheng
- Department of Phase 1 Trials Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology of Heilongjiang Province, No.150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
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Zhang J, Zhang T, Gao J. Biocompatible Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Targeted Cancer Gene Therapy: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12193323. [PMID: 36234452 PMCID: PMC9565336 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, gene therapy has made remarkable achievements in tumor treatment. In a successfully cancer gene therapy, a smart gene delivery system is necessary for both protecting the therapeutic genes in circulation and enabling high gene expression in tumor sites. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have demonstrated their bright promise for highly efficient gene delivery target to tumor tissues, partly due to their good biocompatibility, magnetic responsiveness, and extensive functional surface modification. In this review, the latest progress in targeting cancer gene therapy is introduced, and the unique properties of IONPs contributing to the efficient delivery of therapeutic genes are summarized with detailed examples. Furthermore, the diagnosis potentials and synergistic tumor treatment capacity of IONPs are highlighted. In addition, aiming at potential risks during the gene delivery process, several strategies to improve the efficiency or reduce the potential risks of using IONPs for cancer gene therapy are introduced and addressed. The strategies and applications summarized in this review provide a general understanding for the potential applications of IONPs in cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: (T.Z.); (J.G.)
| | - Jianqing Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: (T.Z.); (J.G.)
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Verma M, Dar AI, Acharya A. Facile synthesis of biogenic silica nanomaterial loaded transparent tragacanth gum hydrogels with improved physicochemical properties and inherent anti-bacterial activity. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:11635-11654. [PMID: 35904404 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02051c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this report, biogenic, crystalline (∼60.5 ± 2%) bowknot structured silica nanoparticles (BSNPs) of length ∼ 274 ± 7 nm and width ∼ 36 ± 2 nm were isolated from invasive species viz. Lantana camara. These were then chemically modified using nitrogen containing moieties viz. APTES and CTAB. These modified BSNPs were then used as electrostatic cross-linking agents for the formation of tragacanth gum (TG) hydrogels. The cytocompatible CTAB@BSNP-TG hydrogels documented ∼10-12 fold enhancement in anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa when compared with TG hydrogels. Disruption of the bacterial membrane by ROS generation and protein leakage were responsible for anti-bacterial activity. A cell migration assay suggested that CTAB@BSNP-TG augmented the cell proliferation of NIH-3T3 cells compared to other TG hydrogels. The present study will pave the path for the development of organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite-based hydrogels for anti-bacterial and cell migration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Verma
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P., 176061, India.
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Aqib Iqbal Dar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P., 176061, India.
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Amitabha Acharya
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P., 176061, India.
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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Yang R, Wang L, Wu Z, Yin Y, Jiang SW. How Nanotechniques Could Vitalize the O-GlcNAcylation-Targeting Approach for Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:1829-1841. [PMID: 35498390 PMCID: PMC9049135 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s360488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated data indicated that many types of cancers have increased protein O-GlcNAcylation at cell surface and inside cells. The aberrant O-GlcNAcylation is considered a potential therapeutic target. Although several types of compounds capable of inhibiting O-GlcNAcylation have been developed, their low solubility, poor permeability and delivery efficiency have impeded the application for in vivo and pre-clinical studies. Nanocarriers have the advantages of controllable drug release and active cancer-targeting capability. Moreover, nanoparticles can improve drug delivery efficiency and reduce the non-specific distribution in normal tissues by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect in cancer. Taking the advantage of O-GlcNAc-specific antibodies or lectins, nanoparticles could further improve their cancer-targeting capability. Although nanocarriers targeting the canonical N- and O-linked glycosylation have been extensively investigated for cancer detection and therapy, application of nanotechniques for the specific targeting of O-GlcNAcylation has not been actively pursued. This review summarizes the general features of GlcNAcylation and its alterations in cancers. Analyses are focused on the following areas: How the nanocarriers may improve the solubility and/or cell permeability of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) inhibitors; The modification of nanocarriers with lectins or antibodies for active targeting of O-GlcNAc; The nanocarriers-mediated co-delivery of OGT inhibitors and conventional drugs, which may lead to synergistic effects. Unsolved issues impeding the research progression on O-GlcNAcylation-targeting scheme are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongxiang Yin
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Wen Jiang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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Huang Y, Xie D, Gou S, Canup BSB, Zhang G, Dai F, Li C, Xiao B. Quadruple-responsive nanoparticle-mediated targeted combination chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:5765-5779. [PMID: 33704300 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08579k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The synergism of combination chemotherapy can only be achieved under specific drug ratios. Herein, hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized regenerated silk fibroin-based nanoparticles (NPs) were used to concurrently deliver curcumin (CUR) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) at various weight ratios (3.3 : 1, 1.6 : 1, 1.1 : 1, 1 : 1, and 1 : 1.2) to breast tumor cells. The generated HA-CUR/5-FU-NPs were found to have desirable particle sizes (around 200 nm), narrow size distributions, and negative zeta potentials (about -26.0 mV). Interestingly, these NPs showed accelerated drug release rates when they were exposed to buffers that mimicked the multi-hallmarks in the tumor microenvironment (pH/hydrogen peroxide/glutathione/hyaluronidase). The surface functionalization of NPs with HA endowed them with in vitro and in vivo breast tumor-targeting properties. Furthermore, we found that the co-loading of CUR and 5-FU in HA-functionalized NPs exhibited obvious synergistic anti-cancer, pro-apoptotic, and anti-migration effects, and the strongest synergism was found at the CUR/5-FU weight ratio of 1 : 1.2. Most importantly, mice experiments revealed that HA-CUR/5-FU-NPs (1 : 1.2) showed a superior anti-cancer activity against metastatic breast cancer compared to the single drug-loaded NPs and non-functionalized CUR/5-FU-NPs (1 : 1.2). Collectively, these results demonstrate that HA-CUR/5-FU-NPs (1 : 1.2) can be exploited as a robust nanococktail for the treatment of breast cancer and its lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
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Zhang S, Lilienkampf A, Bradley M. Solid-Phase Synthesis of Fluorescent Probes for Plasma Membrane Labelling. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020354. [PMID: 33445514 PMCID: PMC7827822 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular plasma membrane plays a fundamental role in biological processes, including cell growth, signaling and transport. The labelling of the plasma membrane with targeted fluorescent probes offers a convenient and non-invasive way to image the morphological changes and dynamics of a membrane in real-time and, despite many examples of fluorescent plasma membrane probes, a "universal targeting/anchoring moiety" is still required. In this study, a small number of stearic acid-based probes labelled with 6-carboxyfluorescein was designed and fabricated via solid-phase synthesis in which variations in both charge and hydrophobicity were explored. To ease the synthesis process, a gram-scale synthesis of the Fmoc-Lys(6-carboxyfluoresein diacetate)-OH building block was developed, allowing the discovery of optimal probes that carried a positively charged amino group and a stearic acid tail that exhibited intense plasma membrane brightness and robust retention.
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Upadhyay A, Narula A, Rao CP. Copper-Based Metallogel of Bovine Serum Albumin and Its Derived Hybrid Biomaterials as Aerogel and Sheet: Comparative Study of the Adsorption and Reduction of Dyes and Nitroaromatics. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8619-8626. [PMID: 35019632 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper deals with the synthesis of a protein-inorganic hybrid hydrogel and its derived materials, including aerogel and sheet, and the demonstration of their application potentials. For this, a common and abundant protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and a copper salt were used in order to prepare a hydrogel by cross-linking the protein molecules using epichlorohydrin and embedding Cu2+ ions to give BSA_Cuhydrogel (1). When this material was lyophilized, it resulted in the product powder BSA_Cuaerogel (2); however, when dried under vacuum, it yielded a blue sheet material, BSA_Cusheet (3). All three of these biomaterials were characterized by spectroscopy and microscopy and further studied for three different applications, and the data were compared in order to establish the material vs property/activity relationship. The applications include (i) adsorption of organic dyes, (ii) reductive degradation of these dyes, and (iii) the reductive transformation of nitroaromatic compounds. The study revealed the efficient adsorption of the anionic and neutral dyes, while the adsorption of the cationic dye was much lower. The adsorption capacities (in mg/g) of Congo red followed the trend BSA_Cuaerogel (367 ± 6) > BSA_Cuhydrogel (274 ± 4) > BSA_Cusheet (204 ± 3). The comparison of the rate of reductive degradation of Congo red and methylene blue follows the same trend as that of the adsorption of the dyes. The reductive degradation was demonstrated for six cycles by reusing the recovered catalyst after every cycle. More than half a dozen nitroaromatics were studied for their reduction using BSA_Cuaerogel. In the case of p-nitrophenol, the rate of reduction follows the trend 2 > 1 > 3. Thus, this paper deals with a methodology to synthesize both a robust hydrogel incorporating metal ions and other derived protein-based biomaterials, viz., an aerogel and sheet, and a comparison of their activity toward the adsorption and degradation of dyes and nitroaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aekta Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400 076, India
| | - Ashiv Narula
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400 076, India
| | - Chebrolu Pulla Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Settipalli Post, Tirupati-517 506, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Upadhyay A, Rao CP. Porous, pH-Responsive, and Reusable Hydrogel Beads of Bovine Serum Albumin_Au Hybrid as Smart Nanofactories for the Removal of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants from Water: A Detailed Demonstration by Spectroscopy and Microscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:7965-7973. [PMID: 30724550 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The availability of potable water is one of the major concerns in many countries today. This brings in a need to design molecular scaffolds suitable for efficient adsorption of the contaminants present in water. In this paper, an unprecedented strategy is demonstrated in order to synthesize highly porous bovine serum albumin_Au (BSA_Au) beads and was employed for the removal of water contaminants. The beads stored in acidic medium (Beada) and in basic medium (Beadb) selectively adsorb anionic and cationic species that includes organic dyes and inorganic species, respectively, by showing a pH-responsive behavior. This phenomenon bestowed the beads with the recyclability and reusability as demonstrated for eight cycles wherein almost 100% efficiency is retained by the beads without any deterioration. The porous nature of these beads is retained even after switching the pH for several cycles of adsorption-desorption processes as judged based by the SEM data. Thus, the reported beads are demonstrated for their selective and efficient removal of both organic and inorganic contaminants from water wherein the beads can be recycled by triggering pH changes that would also release the captured species. The biologically benign beads act as reusable smart nanofactories in the purification of water from industrial contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aekta Upadhyay
- Bioinorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Chebrolu Pulla Rao
- Bioinorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai , Mumbai 400076 , India
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