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Rani A, Sharma PB, Bhatia S, Sharma AK. Comprehensive study on pharmacognostic, pharmacological, and toxicological features of Ficus racemosa in Alzheimer's disease using GC-MS and molecular docking analyses. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae098. [PMID: 38957785 PMCID: PMC11215155 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents as a widespread neurodegenerative condition impacting over 55 million individuals globally, with an annual rise of 10 million new cases. Despite its staggering prevalence, the absence of a definitive cure establishes the need for a revisit. Methods We explore the alternative strategies, focusing on the potential therapeutic efficacy of ethanolic extracts derived from the fruit and leaf of Ficus racemosa Linn. Results The investigation comprehensively explores pharmacognostic, phytochemical, toxicological, and pharmacological characteristics. In addition to pharmacognostic and physicochemical analyses, toxicological evaluations conducted on experimental animals demonstrated the innocuous nature of the ethanolic extracts (from both fruit and leaf) of F. racemosa, as evidenced by assessments of hemocompatibility, oxidative parameters, and vital organ histology. Phytochemical profiling via GC-MS identified 48 and 80 phytoconstituents in the fruit and leaf extracts, respectively. These constituents were screened for bioactive potential using the "Lipinski Rule of Five," resulting in the selection of 25 and 33 constituents from fruit and leaf extracts, respectively. Subsequent molecular docking studies against the AChE enzyme revealed promising interactions of the selected phytoconstituents. Furthermore, the top-scoring phytoconstituents were subjected to in silico screening to assess their interactions with β- and γ-secretase enzymes, in addition to the AChE enzyme. The cumulative findings substantiate the therapeutic utility of the plant extracts, particularly in the context of AD. Conclusion In conclusion, our investigation highlights the promising therapeutic potential of selected phytoconstituents derived from ethanolic extracts of F. racemosa in mitigating AD pathology by targeting key enzyme sites such as AChE, β-, and γ-secretase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Rani
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, Haryana 122413, India
| | - Pritam Babu Sharma
- Drug Discovery and Development Cluster, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, Haryana 122413, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, Haryana 122413, India
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, Haryana 122413, India
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Yadav NK, Yadav R. Medicinal Effects, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology of Euphorbia prostrata and Promising Molecular Mechanisms. Chin J Integr Med 2024; 30:181-192. [PMID: 36653685 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Euphorbiaceae is a large family of dicotyledonous angiosperms with diverse genera including Euphorbia prostrata (E. prostrata). Current research has provided scientific evidence for traditional uses of E. prostrata against diverse pathological conditions such as anti-hemorrhoidal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, wound healing, antioxidant, antibacterial, leishmanicidal, antitumor activity, and so on. The phytochemical screening has revealed the presence of glycosides, phytosterols, flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, and anthraquinones with chemical structures elucidation of their respective compounds. The uniqueness of such multifactorial compounds present in this species endorses it as the potent therapeutic or prophylactic choice for several fatal diseases. Although ethnomedical applications served as a significant citation for pharmacology, the molecular mechanism has not been reviewed yet. The present paper provides a comprehensive review of research outcomes, pharmacology, toxicology, and molecular signaling of phytochemicals of E. prostrata species as a reference for relevant researchers. The study of bioactive compounds in crude extracts and fractions, the demonstration of primary mechanisms of pharmacology, along with the addition of toxicity, and clinical trials, should be conceded in depth. This review underlines the E. prostrata species that can be a promising phytomedicine since we are committed to excavating more intensely into their pharmacological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Kumari Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, 304022, Rajasthan, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Rewari, 122502, Haryana, India
| | - Rakesh Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, 304022, Rajasthan, India.
- National Forensic Sciences University, Tripura Campus, Agartala, 799001, Tripura, India.
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Sharma AK, Mukherjee M, Kumar A, Sharma G, Tabassum F, Akhtar MS, Imam MT, Almalki ZS. Preliminary investigation on impact of intergenerational treatment of resveratrol endorses the development of 'super-pups'. Life Sci 2023; 314:121322. [PMID: 36574941 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Redox biology balances free radical generation and scavenging systems, whereas an imbalanced cellular redox can hasten the onset of various diseases and be regarded as a Pandora's box of ailments. The current study aims to assess the pathophysiological impact of intergenerational resveratrol treatment on diabetes-related cognitive and cardio-renal disorders. MATERIAL AND METHOD Diabetic rats of the first, second, and third generations were subjected to an intergenerational treatment of resveratrol (20 mg/kg/p.o./day) for 5 months. During this period, the second generation of animals (pups of the first generation) was produced. After the adulthood of second-generation rats, they used to produce third-generation rats. The rats of each generation were evaluated for physiological parameters (BMI, litter size, and life expectancy) and the pathological impact of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg/i.p.), cognitive dysfunctions, and cardio-renal injury. RESULTS The intergenerational treatment of resveratrol significantly reduced litter size and improved anthropometric parameters, life expectancy, and blood glucose levels in diabetic animals. Resveratrol treatment ameliorates oxidative stress as measured by increased serum nitrite/nitrate concentrations, SOD activity, reduced glutathione concentrations, total serum antioxidant capacity, and diminished serum TBARS level in diabetic animals. Furthermore, diabetic rats receiving intergenerational resveratrol treatment showed improved cognitive behaviour and cardio-renal functionality when compared to the disease control group. CONCLUSION The intergenerational treatment of resveratrol improved the physiological traits and vital abilities of the heart, kidney, and brain, which endorse its antioxidant potential. Surprisingly, resveratrol treatment increases the second and third generations' resistance to neurobehavioral changes, diabetes, and -associated cardio-renal dysfunction, implying that these generations are "super-pups."
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Sharma
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana 122413, India.
| | - Monalisa Mukherjee
- Molecular Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana 122413, India
| | - Gunjan Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Fauzia Tabassum
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Private College, Al Qassim 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Sayeed Akhtar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Tarique Imam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad Saeed Almalki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Deeba F, Shahar Yar M, Rafi Haidar M, Sharma AK, Sharma M. Synthesis, molecular docking, and pharmacological evaluation of 5-(4-(2-(5-ethyl pyridine-2-yl) ethoxy) benzyl)-3-(phenylsulfonyl) thiazolidine-2, 4-dione against HFD-induced diabesity via interaction with the CB1 receptor. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:1028-1036. [PMID: 36159331 PMCID: PMC9464343 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.65649.14443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objectives CB1 antagonism arbitrates a dormant shape to the endocannabinoid system that alleviates diverse pathological incidents of diabesity. The present study pursued the synthesis and evaluation of thiazolidine derivative (BAC) having pleiotropic action on CB1R, with or without AM251 (selective antagonist of the CB1 receptor) against high-fat diet (HFD) induced diabesity in C57BL/6 mice. Materials and Methods A molecular docking study for CB1 antagonistic potential was conducted by Maestro 11.4 program (Schrodinger Inc., USA), and the thiazolidine derivative BAC was synthesized. The assessment of varied parameters including anthropometric, neurobehavioral, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines was evaluated in HFD-fed animals as compared with individual and combined treatments of BAC and AM251. Results Incomparable to AM251, the treatment of BAC was reported for a significant reduction in food intake and obesity, diabetic biomarkers, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory cytokine release. Moreover, the BAC treatment showed no significant alteration in neurobehavioral activity, including anxiety and depression. Conclusion The preliminary in silico study suggests that BAC has a close interaction with CB1 antagonism but has no sign of neurobehavioral alteration. Simultaneously, this compound showed significant ability to ameliorate diversity by the underlying mechanisms of minimizing oxidative stress, regularizing the lipid profile, and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Deeba
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (SPER) Jamia Hamdard, Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mohammad Shahar Yar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (SPER) Jamia Hamdard, Delhi-110062, India
| | | | - Arun K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram-122413, India,Corresponding authors: Manju Sharma. Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Delhi-110062, India. , Arun K. Sharma. Department of Pharmacology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram-122413, India.
| | - Manju Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (SPER) Jamia Hamdard, Delhi-110062, India,Corresponding authors: Manju Sharma. Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Delhi-110062, India. , Arun K. Sharma. Department of Pharmacology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram-122413, India.
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Forno-Bell N, Munoz MA, Chacón O, Pachá P, Iragüen D, Cornejo J, San Martín B. Efficacy Prediction of Four Pharmaceutical Formulations for Intramammary Administration Containing Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. Combined With Ceftiofur or Cloxacillin in Lactating Cows as an Alternative Therapy to Treat Mastitis Caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:572568. [PMID: 33829050 PMCID: PMC8019741 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.572568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergy or additive effect between Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. and beta-lactam (β-lactam) antibiotics has been reported against Staphylococcus aureus, one of the most important etiological agents of cow mastitis. The goal of the present study was to predict the efficacy of intramammary formulations containing the Aloe vera gel extract in the combination with cloxacillin or ceftiofur at low concentrations in lactating cows as an alternative therapy. Each quarter of 20 healthy Holstein Friesian lactating cows were treated with a single dose of one of the following formulations, corresponding to one of these treatment groups: A1, A2, A3, and A4. A1 and A2 contained cloxacillin at 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml, whereas A3 and A4 contained ceftiofur 0.25 and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively. In addition, all formulations contained 600 mg/ml of an alcoholic extract of Aloe vera. Milk samples were taken at predefined time points. Antibiotics and aloin (active compound of Aloe vera) concentrations were assessed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry system (LC-MS/MS). Pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained, and the efficacy index, the fraction of dosing interval in which the antimicrobial concentration remains above the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (T > MIC) for each formulation, was calculated considering MIC values against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 as obtained for the combination Aloe vera + antibiotic and aloin concentration in the extract. Mammary gland safety assessment was performed for each combination. Values of the main efficacy index for this study, T > MIC (h) for Aloe vera were 23.29, 10.50, 27.50, and 13.89, whereas for cloxacillin or ceftiofur were 19.20, 10.9, 19.74, and 15.63, for A1, A2, A3, and A4, respectively. Only A1 and A3 reached aloin and antibiotic recommended values as predictors of clinical efficacy for cloxacillin, ceftiofur, and aloin (50, 70, and 60%, respectively), assuming a dose interval of 24 h. The efficacy index values obtained suggest that A1 and A3 might be an effective therapy to treat bovine mastitis caused by S. aureus after a single dose. Nevertheless, further trials in S. aureus mastitis clinical cases are mandatory to confirm the efficacy of Aloe vera formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Forno-Bell
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Campus Sur, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcos A Munoz
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Mastitis y Calidad de Leche, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Oscar Chacón
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Campus Sur, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Pachá
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Mastitis y Calidad de Leche, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile.,Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomás, Temuco, Chile
| | - Daniela Iragüen
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Cornejo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Betty San Martín
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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