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Wen Y, Kong Y, Cao G, Xu Y, Zhang C, Zhang J, Xiao P, Wang Y. Di-n-butyl phthalate regulates vascular smooth muscle cells phenotypic switching by MiR-139-5p-MYOCD pathways. Toxicology 2022; 477:153279. [PMID: 35926758 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is ubiquitous in environment and has been detected in almost all human bodies. Few data could be found about the effects of DBP on cardiovascular system, though its reproductive toxicities have been studied extensively. This study aimed to explore effects of DBP on phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), an essential step during the formation of atherosclerosis (AS). A7r5 cells were employed and exposed to various levels of DBP (10-9, 10-8, 10-7, 10-6, and 10-5 M) or DMSO as control. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effects of DBP on cell viability. Expressions of mRNA/miRNAs and proteins were measured by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay were used to analyze the combination between miR-139-5p and Myocardin (MYOCD). Results revealed that DBP at 10-7 M prompted phenotypic switching from contractile to synthetic of VSMCs by inhibiting contractile VSMCs marker genes via suppressing the expression of MYOCD. Moreover, miR-139c-5p directly targeted MYOCD 3'UTR and modulated MYOCD expression. Besides, DBP inhibited the expression of MYOCD and VSMCs marker genes by upregulating miR-139-5p. Collectively, these data suggested that DBP could promote the phenotypic switching from contractile to synthetic of VSMCs in A7r5 cells through miR-139-5p-MYOCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guofa Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengxiang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingshu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingxi Xiao
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yubang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Mohammadi H, Ashari S. Mechanistic insight into toxicity of phthalates, the involved receptors, and the role of Nrf2, NF-κB, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:35488-35527. [PMID: 34024001 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The wide use of phthalates, as phthalates are used in the manufacturing of not only plastics but also many others goods, has become a main concern in the current century because of their potency to induce deleterious effects on organism health. The toxic effects of phthalates such as reproductive toxicity, cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, teratogenicity, and tumor development have been widely indicated by previous experimental studies. Some of the important mechanisms of toxicity by phthalates are the induction and promotion of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Awareness of the involved molecular pathways of these mechanisms will permit the detection of exact molecular targets of phthalates to protect or treat their toxicity. Up to now, various transcription factors and signaling pathways have been associated with phthalate-induced toxicity which by influencing on nuclear surface and the expression of different genes can alter cell hemostasis. In different studies, the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathways in processes of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and cancer has been shown following exposure to phthalates. In the present review, we aim to survey experimental studies (in vitro and in vivo) in order to show firstly the most involved receptors and also the importance and the role of the mentioned signaling pathways in phthalate-induced toxicity, and with considering this point, the future studies can focus on these molecular targets as a strategic method to reduce environmental chemicals-induced toxicity especially phthalates toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Mohammadi
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Toxicology/Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sorour Ashari
- Department of Toxicology/Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Wang Y, Wen Y, Xiao P, Sun J, Chen M, Gu C, Kong Y, Gu A, Zhang J, Wang Y. Di-n-butyl phthalate promotes lipid accumulation via the miR200c-5p-ABCA1 pathway in THP-1 macrophages. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114723. [PMID: 32417575 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is ubiquitously in the environment and has been detected in almost all of human bodies. Few data could be found about the effects of DBP on cardiovascular system, though its reproductive toxicities have been studied extensively. This study aimed to explore the effects of DBP on lipid metabolism, a key step during the formation of atherosclerosis, since DBP was recently reported to be associated with atherosclerosis. THP-1 macrophages were employed and exposed to various levels of DBP (10-8, 10-7, 10-6, 10-5 and 10-4 mol/L) or DMSO as control. Lipid accumulation was determined by detection of cellular total cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesterol ester and content of lipid drops. Expressions of mRNA/miRNAs and proteins were measured by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis and dual luciferase reporter assay were used to analyze the combination between miR200c-5p and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). Cholesterol efflux assay was executed to study the inhibitory effects of DBP on cholesterol efflux capability. Results revealed that DBP at 10-7 mol/L prompted THP-1 macrophages lipid accumulation by inhibiting cholesterol efflux via suppressing ABCA1 expression. In addition, a non-linear inverted U-shaped relationship between DBP and lipid accumulation could be observed. Moreover, miR200c-5p could directly targets to ABCA1 3'UTR and modulate ABCA1 expression. Besides, downregulation of ABCA1 expression and reduction of lipid efflux induced by DBP were due to the miR200c-5p upregulation. Collectively, these data suggested that DBP at levels relative to human exposure could increase lipid accumulation in THP-1 macrophages by decreasing cholesterol efflux through miR200c-5p-ABCA1, then potentiate the formation of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingxi Xiao
- Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minjian Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxi Gu
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Gu
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingshu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yubang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Zhang L, Qin Z, Li R, Wang S, Wang W, Tang M, Zhang W. The role of ANXA5 in DBP-induced oxidative stress through ERK/Nrf2 pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 72:103236. [PMID: 31404886 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Di-N-butylphthalate (DBP) have given rise to more and more attention due to its unique endocrine toxicity to male reproductive system. Our previous studies have demonstrated antioxidative Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid related factor 2) pathway play a vital role in DBP induced oxidative stress injury. ANXA5 (annexin A5), which is highly expressed in testicular Leydig and Sertoli cells, was found upregulated after DBP stimulation. Mouse Leydig and Sertoli cells were exposed to different concentration of DBP for 24 h to examine the ROS (Reactive oxygen species), MDA (Malondialdehyde), SOD (superoxide dismutase) level and ANXA5, Nrf2, NQO1 (NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1), HO-1 (heme oxygenase 1) and ERK/P-ERK protein expression by DHE (Dihydroethidium) staining, ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and Western blot respectively. Firstly, the oxidative stress injury induced by DBP was re-validated. Then, we confirmed the change of Nrf2 pathway and ANXA5 level after DBP exposure to testicular cells. Additionally, overexpressed ANXA5 could activate Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 antioxidant pathway and significantly attenuate DBP-induced oxidative stress. Ultimately, we demonstrated ANXA5 could increase ERK phosphorylated level and the activated role of ANXA5 on ERK/Nrf2 pathway could be reversed by ERK inhibitor. Overall, this study illuminated that ANXA5 could defend testicle Leydig and Sertoli cells against DBP-induced oxidative stress injury through ERK/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shangqian Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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