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Wang Y, Li Y, Cao J, Yang X, Huang J, Huang M, Gu S. Research Progress of Fluorescent Probes for Detection of Glutathione (GSH): Fluorophore, Photophysical Properties, Biological Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:4333. [PMID: 39339330 PMCID: PMC11434280 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29184333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracellular biothiols, including cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH), and homocysteine (Hcy), play a critical role in many physiological and pathological processes. Among them, GSH is the most abundant non-protein mercaptan (1-10 mM) in cells, and the change in GSH concentration level is closely related to the occurrence of many diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and neurological diseases. Fluorescent probes have attracted much attention due to their advantages of high specificity, high sensitivity, high selectivity, low cost, and high quantum yield. Methods that use optical probes for selective detection of GSH in vitro and in vivo are in high demand. In this paper, we reviewed the most recent five years of research on fluorescence probes for the detection of GSH, including the specific detection of GSH, dual-channel identification of GSH and other substances, and the detection of GSH and other biothiols. According to the type of fluorophore, we classified GSH fluorescent probes into eight classes, including BODIPY, 1,8-Naphthalimide, coumarin, xanthene, rhodamine, cyanine, benzothiazoles, and others. In addition, we roundly discuss the synthesis, detection mechanism, photophysical properties, and biological applications of fluorescent probes. We hope that this review will inspire the exploration of new fluorescent probes for GSH and other related analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Food Green Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.Y.); (J.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Yanfei Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Food Green Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.Y.); (J.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Jinbo Cao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Food Green Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.Y.); (J.H.); (M.H.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Xiyan Yang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Food Green Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.Y.); (J.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Jiaxiang Huang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Food Green Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.Y.); (J.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Mingyue Huang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Food Green Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.Y.); (J.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Shaobin Gu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Food Green Processing and Quality Safety Control, College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.L.); (J.C.); (X.Y.); (J.H.); (M.H.)
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2
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Szepesi Kovács D, Chiovini B, Müller D, Tóth EZ, Fülöp A, Ábrányi-Balogh P, Wittner L, Várady G, Farkas Ö, Turczel G, Katona G, Győrffy B, Keserű GM, Mucsi Z, Rózsa BJ, Kovács E. Synthesis and Application of Two-Photon Active Fluorescent Rhodol Dyes for Antibody Conjugation and In Vitro Cell Imaging. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:22836-22843. [PMID: 37396252 PMCID: PMC10308389 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel family of julolidine-containing fluorescent rhodols equipped with a wide variety of substituents was synthesized in a versatile two-step process. The prepared compounds were fully characterized and exhibited excellent fluorescence properties for microscopy imaging. The best candidate was conjugated to the therapeutic antibody trastuzumab through a copper-free strain-promoted azide-alkyne click reaction. The rhodol-labeled antibody was successfully applied for in vitro confocal and two-photon microscopy imaging of Her2+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dénes Szepesi Kovács
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre
for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- National
Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Chiovini
- Faculty
of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány
Péter Catholic University, H-1444 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dalma Müller
- Oncology
Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre
for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department
of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Semmelweis
University Doctoral School, H-1085 Budapest Hungary
| | - Estilla Zsófia Tóth
- National
Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Semmelweis
University Doctoral School, H-1085 Budapest Hungary
- Integrative
Neuroscience Research Group, Research Centre
for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Fülöp
- Femtonics
Ltd., H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ábrányi-Balogh
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre
for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- National
Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lucia Wittner
- National
Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Integrative
Neuroscience Research Group, Research Centre
for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Várady
- Molecular
Cell Biology Research Group, Research Centre
for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ödön Farkas
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös
Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Turczel
- NMR
Research Laboratory, Research Centre for
Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Katona
- Faculty
of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány
Péter Catholic University, H-1444 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- National
Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Oncology
Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre
for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department
of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department
of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Miklós Keserű
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre
for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- National
Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Mucsi
- Brain Vision Center, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty
of Materials and Chemical Sciences, University
of Miskolc, Miskolc H-3515, Hungary
| | - Balázs J. Rózsa
- Faculty
of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány
Péter Catholic University, H-1444 Budapest, Hungary
- Brain Vision Center, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of 3D Functional Network and Dendritic Imaging, Institute of Experimental Medicine, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ervin Kovács
- Femtonics
Ltd., H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Polymer
Chemistry and Physics Research Group, Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Luo P, Wang M, Liu W, Liu L, Xu P. Activity-Based Fluorescent Probes Based on Hemicyanine for Biomedical Sensing. Molecules 2022; 27:7750. [PMID: 36431849 PMCID: PMC9695617 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, fluorescent probes, as an analytical tool that can target and rapidly detect analytes, have been increasingly used for applications related to medical treatment, detection, and bioimaging. Researchers are interested in hemicyanine-based fluorescent probes because of their high quantum yield, tunable spectrum characteristics, absorption and emission in the near-infrared (NIR) region, and good photo-stability. The development of these dyes and their derivatives as NIR fluorescent probes for biological applications has advanced significantly in the last ten years. This review introduces processes for making hemicyanine dyes and the methodology for creating functional activity-based fluorescent probes. A variety of hemicyanine-based probes have been systematically developed for the detection of small biomolecules in various illnesses. Finally, the potential drawbacks of hemicyanine-based functional probes, and the prospects for future research and translation into clinical medicine, are also discussed. This study is intended to provide strategies for the development and design of novel fluorescence probes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
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4
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Gan Y, Yin G, Wang J, Yin P. A novel AIE fluorescent probe for the monitoring of aluminum ions in living cells and zebrafish. Analyst 2022; 147:2828-2833. [PMID: 35621131 DOI: 10.1039/d2an00543c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel fluorescent probe BTD with aggregation induced emission (AIE) characteristics for the monitoring of Al3+ was developed. This fluorescent probe could be used to detect Al3+ in aqueous solution under mild conditions, along with high sensitivity and high selectivity. The detection limit of the probe BTD for Al3+ is as low as 3.25 nM, which is below the WHO recommendation concentration (7.41 μM) for drinking water. Furthermore, this probe was successfully applied to the sensing of Al3+ in living cells and zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Gan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Guoxing Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Peng Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
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5
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Hou S, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang W, Zhou X. A reversible turn-on fluorescent probe for quantitative imaging and dynamic monitoring of cellular glutathione. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1214:339957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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6
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Huang C, Cao J, Liu M, Tu Y, Zhang M, Zheng J. A Turn‐On Sensor for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detect Heparin in Human Serum Albumin. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Jian Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Mingming Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Yajing Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Meijuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Junying Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
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7
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Wang L, Jin F, Jiang X, Chen J, Wang MC, Wang J. Fluorescent Probes and Mass Spectrometry-Based Methods to Quantify Thiols in Biological Systems. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:354-365. [PMID: 34521263 PMCID: PMC8865626 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Fluorescent probes and mass spectrometry are the two most popular and complementary methods to quantify thiols in biological systems. In this review, we focus on the widely used and commercially available methods to detect and quantify thiols in living cells and the general approaches applied in mass spectrometry-based thiol quantification. We hope that this review can serve as a general guide for redox biologists who are interested in thiol species. Sulfur, one of the most important elements in living systems, contributes to every aspect of physiology and pathology. Thiols, including cysteine, homocysteine, glutathione, hydrogen sulfide, and hydropersulfides, are the main players in the redox biology system. Therefore, quantifying these thiol species in biological systems is one of the important steps to understand their roles in biology. Recent Advances: Fluorescent probes and mass spectrometry-based methods have been developed to detect and/or quantify thiols in biological systems. Mass spectrometry-based methods have been the gold standard for metabolite quantification in cells. Fluorescent probes can directly detect or quantify thiol species in living cells with spatial and temporal resolutions. Additionally, organelle-specific fluorescent probes have been widely developed. These two methods are complementary to each other. Critical Issues: Reliable quantification of thiol species using fluorescent probes remains challenging. Future Directions: When developing fluorescent probes, we suggest using both the fluorescent probes and mass spectrometry-based thiol quantification methods to cross-check the results. In addition, we call on chemical biologists to move beyond qualitative probes and focus on probes that can provide quantitative results in live cells. These quantitative measurements based on fluorescent probes should be validated with mass spectrometry-based methods. More importantly, chemical biologists should make their probes accessible to the biology end users. Regarding mass spectrometry-based methods, quantification of the derivatized thiol specifies should fit into the general metabolomics workflow. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 354-365.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiqian Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Meng C Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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8
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Tang X, Li Z, Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Zhang C. A new metal-free near-infrared fluorescent probe based on nitrofuran for the detection and bioimaging of carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 in vivo. Analyst 2021; 147:268-273. [PMID: 34935778 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01766g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a stable donor for releasing controlled amounts of CO, carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) is a new type of therapeutic drug that contributes to exploring the pathophysiological effects of CO. The accurate detection of CORM-2 in biological systems is of great significance for controlling its dosage as a therapeutic drug and elucidating the reaction mechanisms of CO, but currently there is a lack of metal-free near-infrared fluorescent probes. Herein, a new metal-free near-infrared fluorescent probe based on nitrofuran which could selectively identify CORM-2 was designed and it has been successfully applied in living cells, zebrafish and mice. After reacting with CORM-2, both the color and fluorescence signal of the solution are restored, which is ascribed to the reduction of the nitro group. The spectroscopic probe DXPN shows high sensitivity to CORM-2 with a low detection limit of 87 nM and near-infrared fluorescence emission of 712 nm. Notably, this is the first time that paper chips are being used as a carrier to detect CORM-2 through fluorescence signals instead of the traditional liquid phase detection mode of fluorescent probes. These superior properties of the probe make it a promising and reliable tool for exploring the role played by CORM-2 in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Tang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Zhao Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Yangxiong Li
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Chengxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
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Yang QQ, Ji N, Zhan Y, Tian QQ, Cai ZD, Lu XL, He W. Rational design of a new near-infrared fluorophore and apply to the detection and imaging study of cysteine and thiophenol. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1186:339116. [PMID: 34756262 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of a near-infrared fluorophore with excellent fluorescence performance, a large Stokes shift, and good biocompatibility has become a focus in the field of fluorescence imaging in recent years. Based on quantum chemistry calculations and reasonable molecular design strategies, a new NIR fluorophore was developed and characterized by simple synthesis, easy structural modification, and a large Stokes shift (105 nm). Furthermore, two new "activatable" fluorescent probes QN-Cys and QN-DNP were synthesized using a simple structural modification. The probe QN-Cys can recognize Cys with high sensitivity (LOD = 128 nM) and high selectivity, and its fluorescence intensity has a good linear relationship with the Cys concentration in the range of 5-35 μM. Furthermore, probe QN-Cys can effectively distinguish Cys from Hcy and GSH, and was successfully applied to the detection and imaging of Cys in human serum, cells, and zebrafish. The probe QN-DNP showed a good specific and sensitive (LOD = 78 nM) fluorescence response to thiophenol, and its fluorescence intensity has a good linear relationship with the thiophenol concentration in the range of 5-30 μM. Furthermore, it was successfully applied to detect thiophenol in real water samples with good recoveries (97-102%), and image thiophenol in living cells, zebrafish and mice. Notebly, the QN-DNP probe could be applied to visualize the distribution of thiophenol in the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Yang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Nan Ji
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Yu Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Qin-Qin Tian
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Ze-Dong Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Xian-Lin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
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A simple fluorescent probe for glutathione detection and its bioimaging application in living cells. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Li Y, Chen L, Zhu Y, Chen L, Yu X, Li J, Chen D. Structure modulation on fluorescent probes for biothiols and the reversible imaging of glutathione in living cells. RSC Adv 2021; 11:21116-21126. [PMID: 35479348 PMCID: PMC9034037 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03221f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of small molecular biothiols (cysteine, homocysteine and glutathione) is of great importance, as they involve in a series of physiological and pathological processes and are associated with many diseases. To realize the real-time monitoring of a specific biothiol, a rapid and reversible probe is required. Therefore, three probes, namely, o-MNPy, m-MNPy and p-MNPy, with pyridine substituted α, β-unsaturated ketone as the recognition site, were reported here, and the reactivity of the recognition site was finely tuned by the connection mode of the pyridine unit. To single out the optimal one, the response performances of three probes toward each biothiol were systemically studied, taking the differences of the intracellular contents of three biothiols into account during the evaluation. Biothiols reacted with the probes through Michael addition, and results showed that the slight structural variations could affect the performances of the probes obviously. p-MNPy with the pyridine unit connected to the recognition site through the para-position of the nitrogen atom, revealed the best sensing ability among the three probes. It demonstrated rapid response, good selectivity and sensitivity, excellent pH adaptability to Cys and GSH, and displayed reversible detection toward GSH. Finally, p-MNPy was successfully applied to track the GSH fluctuations under the oxidative stress stimulated by H2O2 in living cells. A reversible fluorescent probe for GSH was obtained through structure modulation, by which the intracellular GSH fluctuation was imaged.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Liming Chen
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Xianglin Yu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 China
| | - Junbo Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 China
| | - Dugang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430205 China
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Zhu Q, Mao H, Li J, Hua J, Wang J, Yang R, Li Z. A glycine-functionalized graphene quantum dots synthesized by a facile post-modification strategy for a sensitive and selective fluorescence sensor of mercury ions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 247:119090. [PMID: 33137626 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have developed a facile method for the synthesis of glycine-functionalized graphene quantum dots (Gly-GQDs) through post-modification of graphene quantum dots with Gly under alkaline conditions. The as-synthesized Gly-GQDs exhibit an excellent blue emission at 444 nm, independent of excitation, as well as a high quantum yield (QY) of 35.7%. The Gly-GQDs have a narrow size distribution with an average size of 5.9 nm. Moreover, the as-prepared Gly-GQDs showed a better selective and sensitive recognition capability towards mercury ion (Hg2+) in aqueous solutions with a low detection limit of 8.3 nM, compared with GQDs and other nitrogen-doped GQDs synthesized through the one-step solvent thermal method. Gly-GQDs are successfully applied for the determination of Hg2+ in real water samples. This work shows a new promising approach for the design and synthesis of desirable GQDs with a given function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Haichen Mao
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jianli Hua
- Key Laboratory of Southern Farmland Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hunan Division of GRG Metrology and Test, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Jizhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Farmland Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hunan Division of GRG Metrology and Test, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Ran Yang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Zhaohui Li
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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14
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Su M, Li C. Rational molecular design of a reversible BODIPY-Based fluorescent probe for real-time imaging of GSH dynamics in living cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 175:112866. [PMID: 33272867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Marring the reversible covalent chemistry with BODIPY dye, which is a superfamily of fluorophores with striking photophysical performances, would enable a panel of diverse dynamic fluorescent probes for biomedical applications. Herein we show that structural manipulation of BODIPY allows rational tuning of α-site or meso-site activation as well as the spectral response toward nucleophiles. By rational molecular design, we have obtained a highly specific and reversible GSH probe, αBD-GSH, which exhibits a tremendously fast and dynamic fluorescence response within the wide physiological GSH concentration range of 0-8 mM. We successfully applied αBD-GSH to real-time imaging of intracellular GSH dynamics in different cell lines. In light of the remarkable photophysical properties and synthesis flexibility of BODIPY dyes, the current findings will help to design more reversible BODIPY-based fluorescent probes targeting various bio-species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Meihui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Changhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China.
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15
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Chen D, Feng Y. Recent Progress of Glutathione (GSH) Specific Fluorescent Probes: Molecular Design, Photophysical Property, Recognition Mechanism and Bioimaging. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:649-666. [PMID: 32941060 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1819193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The selective detection of glutathione (GSH) in vitro and in vivo has attracted great attentions, credited to its important role in life activities and association with a series of diseases. Among all kinds of analytical techniques, the fluorescent probe for GSH detection become prevalent recently because of its ease of operation, high temporal-spatial resolution, visualization and noninvasiveness, etc. The special structural features of GSH, such as the nucleophilicity of sulfhydryl group, the concerted reaction ability of amino group, the negative charged nature, the latent hydrogen bonding ability along with its flexible molecular chain, are all potent factors to be employed to design the specific fluorescent probe for GSH and discriminate it from other bio-species including its analogues cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcy). This paper reviewed the studies in the last 3 years and was organized based on the reaction mechanism of each probe. According to the reactivity of GSH, various recognition mechanisms including Michael addition, nucleophilic aromatic substitution, ordinary nucleophilic substitution, multi-site reaction, and other unique reactions have been utilized to construct the GSH specific fluorescent probes, and the molecular design strategy, photophysical property, recognition mechanism, and bioimaging application of each reported probe were all discussed here systematically. Great progress has been made in this area, and we believe the analyses and summarization of these excellent studies would provide valuable message and inspiration to researchers to advance the research toward clinic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dugang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yangzhen Feng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
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16
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Liu H, Wang S, Gao H, Shen Z. Reversible Reaction‐Based Fluorescent Probes for Dynamic Sensing and Bioimaging. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University 210046 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Sisi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University 210046 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Hu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University 210046 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University 210046 Nanjing P. R. China
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17
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Liu Z, Zhou W, Li J, Zhang H, Dai X, Liu Y, Liu Y. High-efficiency dynamic sensing of biothiols in cancer cells with a fluorescent β-cyclodextrin supramolecular assembly. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4791-4800. [PMID: 34122936 PMCID: PMC8159256 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00414f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique fluorescent supramolecular assembly was constructed using coumarin-modified β-cyclodextrin as a reversible ratiometric probe and an adamantane-modified cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartate peptide as a cancer-targeting agent via host-guest inclusion complexation. Importantly, the coumarin-modified β-cyclodextrin not only showed higher sensitivity than the parent coumarin derivatives owing to the presence of numerous hydroxyl groups on the cyclodextrin but also provided a hydrophobic cavity for encapsulation of a cancer-targeting agent. The assembly showed a reversible and fast response to biothiols with a micromolar dissociation constant, as well as outstanding cancer cell permeability, which can be used for high-efficiency real-time monitoring of biothiols in cancer cells. This supramolecular assembly strategy endows the fluorescent probe with superior performance for dynamic sensing of biothiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Weilei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Haoyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Xianyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Yaohua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
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