1
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Gosset-Erard C, Han G, Kyrko D, Hueber A, Nay B, Eparvier V, Touboul D. Structural characterization of N-acyl-homoserine lactones from bacterial quorum sensing using LC-MS/MS analyses after Paternò-Büchi derivatization in solution. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:5431-5443. [PMID: 38842688 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial quorum sensing is a chemical language allowing bacteria to interact through the excretion of molecules called autoinducers, like N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) produced by Gram-negative Burkholderia and Paraburkholderia bacteria known as opportunistic pathogens. The AHLs differ in their acyl-chain length and may be modified by a 3-oxo or 3-hydroxy substituent, or C = C double bonds at different positions. As the bacterial signal specificity depends on all of these chemical features, their structural characterization is essential to have a better understanding of the population regulation and virulence phenomenon. This study aimed at enabling the localization of the C = C double bond on such specialized metabolites while using significantly lower amounts of biological material. The approach is based on LC-MS/MS analyses of bacterial extracts after in-solution derivatization by a photochemical Paternò-Büchi reaction, leading to the formation of an oxetane ring and subsequently to specific fragmentations when performing MS/MS experiments. The in-solution derivatization of AHLs was optimized on several standards, and then the matrix effect of bacterial extracts on the derivatization was assessed. As a proof of concept, the optimized conditions were applied to a bacterial extract enabling the localization of C = C bonds on unsaturated AHLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Gosset-Erard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Guanghui Han
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique (LSO), CNRS UMR 7652, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Dimitra Kyrko
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Amandine Hueber
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bastien Nay
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique (LSO), CNRS UMR 7652, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Véronique Eparvier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Touboul
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France.
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2
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Cai Y, Xiang W. Changes of Facial Lipidomics by Intense Pulsed Light Treatment Based on LC-MS. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024; 48:2171-2178. [PMID: 38267544 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03842-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intense pulsed light (IPL) has been widely used to improve cutaneous photoaging in recent years. Several studies began to explore the changes of skin barrier function after treatment, but the changes of skin surface lipids (SSL), especially specific lipid content and types are still unclear. METHODS A total of 25 female volunteers were included in our study, and each of them received three full-face treatments with one month apart. Before the first treatment and 1 month after the last treatment, we collected clinical photos and skin stratum corneum samples from individuals. A 5-level scale was used to evaluate the efficacy of IPL treatment, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discrimination Analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to analyze the changes of SSL. RESULTS Two patients got no improvement after treatment, 6 patients had poor improvement and mild improvement was achieved in 9 patients, 5 and 3 patients reported moderate and significant improvement. The overall "effective" rate was 68 % and the "significant effective" rate was 32 %. The results showed 18 lipid subclasses and 487 lipid molecules were identified. The change of total lipid volume was not statistically significant (P = 0.088>0.05), but lipid subclass analysis showed the amount of Triglyceride (TG), Phosphatidic Acid (PA), Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and Lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) were significantly increased (P < 0.05). There were 55 kinds of lipid molecules with significant difference after treatment (P < 0.05), and 51 of them belong to TG. The analysis of chain saturation of TG showed that the quantity of TG with 0, 1 and 2 unsaturated bonds increased significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS IPL treatment does not have a significant effect on the overall amount of lipids while the amount of TG, PA, PG, LPG were significantly increased. These lipid changes may potentially improve the skin barrier function, but more high-quality and comprehensive studies are still needed. BULLET POINT Lipidomics analysis based on LC-MS; Changes of skin surface lipid after IPL treatment; the relationships between skin surface lipid and skin barrier functions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- YuJia Cai
- Department of Cosmetic Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Youdian Road 54, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - WenZhong Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, West Lake Road 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Wu Z, Chen H, Yang B, Zhao J, Chen W. Structural identification and antioxidant activity of trans-9, trans-11, cis-15-conjugated linolenic acid converted by probiotics. Food Res Int 2024; 184:114258. [PMID: 38609236 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the chemical structures of octadecatrienoic acid isomers produced by probiotics through the bioconversion of α-linolenic acid and to assess their antioxidant capacities. The chemical structures were identified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS), while the antioxidant capacities were evaluated in vitro and in cellular. The NMR signals obtained allowed for definitive characterization, with the main ion fragments detected being m/z 58.0062, 59.0140, 71.0141, 113.0616, 127.0777, and 181.5833. Compounds at concentrations below 40 μM maintained the antioxidant capacity of HepG2 cells by protecting endogenous antioxidative enzymes and mitochondrial membrane potential. However, doses higher than 40 μM increase oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. These results confirmed the structure of the probiotic-derived compound as trans9, trans11, cis15-conjugated linolenic acid. Additionally, appropriate doses of CLNA can alleviate oxidative stress induced by AAPH, while high doses aggravate cellular damage. These findings provide foundational information for the further exploration of probiotic-derived edible lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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4
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Wang Z, Garza S, Li X, Rahman MS, Brenna JT, Wang DH. Paternò-Büchi Reaction Mass Spectrometry Enables Positional Assignment of Polymethylene-Interrupted Double Bonds in Food-Derived Lipids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3180-3188. [PMID: 38308634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) containing polymethylene-interrupted (PMI) double bonds are a component of human foods; however, they present a significant analytical challenge for de novo identification. Covalent adduct chemical ionization and ozone-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (MS) methods enable unambiguous assignment of PMI-FA double bond positions, however, no method has been reported with electrospray ionization (ESI) platform using off-the-shelf systems. In the current work, we studied the Paternò-Büchi (PB) fragmentation patterns of PMI-FA and triacylglycerol (TG) by analyzing several known food sources. PB-MS/MS and MS3 enabled complete double bond location assignments, including the isolated double bond in PMI-FA and triacylglycerols. Sea urchin ("uni"), oyster, pine nut, and ginkgo nut were characterized for their signature PMI-FA, 20:2(5Z,11Z), 22:2(7Z, 15Z), 18:3(5Z,9Z,12Z), and 20:3(5Z,11Z,14Z), respectively. Quantitative analyses of the relative abundance of these PMI-FA led to results similar to reference methods. 18:3(5Z,9Z,12Z) was enriched at the sn-1/sn-3 position in pine nut major TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P. R. China
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, of Chemistry, and of Nutrition, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, Texas 78723, United States
| | - Secilia Garza
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, of Chemistry, and of Nutrition, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, Texas 78723, United States
| | - Xu Li
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, of Chemistry, and of Nutrition, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, Texas 78723, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019 Jiangsu, China
| | - Md Saydur Rahman
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, United States
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, of Chemistry, and of Nutrition, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, Texas 78723, United States
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Dong Hao Wang
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, of Chemistry, and of Nutrition, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, Texas 78723, United States
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P. R. China
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5
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Edwards M, Freitas DP, Hirtzel EA, White N, Wang H, Davidson LA, Chapkin RS, Sun Y, Yan X. Interfacial Electromigration for Analysis of Biofluid Lipids in Small Volumes. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18557-18563. [PMID: 38050376 PMCID: PMC10862378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are important biomarkers within the field of disease diagnostics and can serve as indicators of disease progression and predictors of treatment effectiveness. Although lipids can provide important insight into how diseases initiate and progress, mass spectrometric methods for lipid characterization and profiling are limited due to lipid structural diversity, particularly the presence of various lipid isomers. Moreover, the difficulty of handling small-volume samples exacerbates the intricacies of biological analyses. In this work, we have developed a strategy that electromigrates a thin film of a small-volume biological sample directly to the air-liquid interface formed at the tip of a theta capillary. Importantly, we seamlessly integrated in situ biological lipid extraction with accelerated chemical derivatization, enabled by the air-liquid interface, and conducted isomeric structural characterization within a unified platform utilizing theta capillary nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry, all tailored for small-volume sample analysis. We applied this unified platform to the analysis of lipids from small-volume human plasma and Alzheimer's disease mouse serum samples. Accelerated electro-epoxidation of unsaturated lipids at the interface allowed us to characterize lipid double-bond positional isomers. The unique application of electromigration of a thin film to the air-liquid interface in combination with accelerated interfacial reactions holds great potential in small-volume sample analysis for disease diagnosis and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison
E. Edwards
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Dallas P. Freitas
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Erin A. Hirtzel
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Nicholas White
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hongying Wang
- Department
of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 373 Olsen Blvd, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Laurie A. Davidson
- Department
of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 373 Olsen Blvd, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Department
of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 373 Olsen Blvd, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department
of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 373 Olsen Blvd, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Xin Yan
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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6
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Camunas-Alberca SM, Moran-Garrido M, Sáiz J, Gil-de-la-Fuente A, Barbas C, Gradillas A. Integrating the potential of ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry in the separation and structural characterisation of lipid isomers. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1112521. [PMID: 37006618 PMCID: PMC10060977 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1112521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly evident that a more detailed molecular structure analysis of isomeric lipids is critical to better understand their roles in biological processes. The occurrence of isomeric interference complicates conventional tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)-based determination, necessitating the development of more specialised methodologies to separate lipid isomers. The present review examines and discusses recent lipidomic studies based on ion mobility spectrometry combined with mass spectrometry (IMS-MS). Selected examples of the separation and elucidation of structural and stereoisomers of lipids are described based on their ion mobility behaviour. These include fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterol lipids. Recent approaches for specific applications to improve isomeric lipid structural information using direct infusion, coupling imaging, or liquid chromatographic separation workflows prior to IMS-MS are also discussed, including: 1) strategies to improve ion mobility shifts; 2) advanced tandem MS methods based on activation of lipid ions with electrons or photons, or gas-phase ion-molecule reactions; and 3) the use of chemical derivatisation techniques for lipid characterisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Camunas-Alberca
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Maria Moran-Garrido
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Jorge Sáiz
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Alberto Gil-de-la-Fuente
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
- Departamento de Tecnologías de la Información, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Ana Gradillas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ana Gradillas,
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7
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Udo T, Matsuoka Y, Takahashi M, Izumi Y, Saito K, Tazoe K, Tanaka M, Naka H, Bamba T, Yamada KI. Structural Analysis of Intracellular Lipid Radicals by LC/MS/MS Using a BODIPY-Based Profluorescent Nitroxide Probe. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4585-4591. [PMID: 36847588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation (LPO) induces the formation of numerous lipid radicals, which contribute to the development of several oxidative diseases. To understand the mechanism of LPO in biological systems and the significance of these radicals, identifying the structures of individual lipid radicals is imperative. In this study, we developed an analytical method based on liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and a profluorescent nitroxide probe, N-(1-oxyl-2,2,6-trimethyl-6-pentylpiperidin-4-yl)-3-(5,5-difluoro-1,3-dimethyl-3H,5H-5l4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2',1'-f][1,3,2]diazaborinin-7-yl)propanamide (BDP-Pen), for the detailed structural analysis of lipid radicals. The MS/MS spectra of BDP-Pen-lipid radical adducts showed product ions and thus allow the prediction of the lipid radical structures and individual detection of isomeric adducts. Using the developed technology, we separately detected the isomers of arachidonic acid (AA)-derived radicals generated in AA-treated HT1080 cells. This analytical system is a powerful tool for elucidating the mechanism of LPO in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Udo
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuta Matsuoka
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masatomo Takahashi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kota Saito
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kaho Tazoe
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Moe Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hideto Naka
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamada
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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8
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Liu Z, Rochfort S. Lipidomics in milk: recent advances and developments. Curr Opin Food Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2023.101016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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9
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Grooms A, Nordmann AN, Badu-Tawiah AK. Plasma-Droplet Reaction Systems: A Direct Mass Spectrometry Approach for Enhanced Characterization of Lipids at Multiple Isomer Levels. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2023; 3:32-44. [PMID: 36817012 PMCID: PMC9936802 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Neutral triacylglyceride (TG) lipids are critical in cellular function, signaling, and energy storage. Multiple molecular pathways control TG structure via nonselective routes making them structurally complex and analytically challenging to characterize. The presence of C=C bond positional isomers exacerbates this challenge as complete structural elucidation is not possible by conventional tandem mass spectrometric methods such as collision-induced dissociation (CID), alone. Herein, we report a custom-made coaxial contained-electrospray ionization (ESI) emitter that allows the fusion of plasma discharge with charged microdroplets during electrospray (ES). Etched capillaries were incorporated into this contained-ES emitter, facilitating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at low (3 kV) ESI voltages and allowing stable ESI ion signal to be achieved at an unprecedented high (7 kV) spray voltage. The analytical utility of inducing plasma discharge during electrospray was investigated using online ionization of neutral TGs, in situ epoxidation of unsaturation sites, and C=C bond localization via conventional CID mass spectrometry. Collisional activation of the lipid epoxide generated during the online plasma-droplet fusion experiment resulted in a novel fragmentation pattern that showed a quadruplet of diagnostic ions for confident assignment of C=C bond positions and subsequent isomer differentiation. This phenomenon enabled the identification of a novel TG lipid, composed of conjugated linoleic acid, that is isomeric with two other TG lipids naturally found in extra virgin olive oil. To validate our findings, we analyzed various standards of TG lipids, including triolein, trilinolein, and trilinolenin, and isomeric mixtures in the positive-ion mode, each of which produced the expected quadruplet diagnostic fragment ions. Further validation was obtained by analyzing standards of free fatty acids expected from the hydrolysis of the TG lipids in the negative-ion mode, together with isomeric mixtures. The chemistry governing the gas-phase fragmentation of the lipid epoxides was carefully elucidated for each TG lipid analyzed. This comprehensive shotgun lipidomic approach has the potential to impact biomedical research since it can be accomplished on readily available mass spectrometers without the need for instrument modification.
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10
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Cerrato A, Capriotti AL, Cavaliere C, Montone CM, Piovesana S, Laganà A. Novel Aza-Paternò-Büchi Reaction Allows Pinpointing Carbon-Carbon Double Bonds in Unsaturated Lipids by Higher Collisional Dissociation. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13117-13125. [PMID: 36121000 PMCID: PMC9523615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The evaluation of double bond positions in fatty acyl
chains has
always been of great concern given their significance in the chemical
and biochemical role of lipids. Despite being the foremost technique
for lipidomics, it is difficult in practice to obtain identification
beyond the fatty acyl level by the sole high-resolution mass spectrometry.
Paternò–Büchi reactions of fatty acids (FAs)
with ketones have been successfully proposed for pinpointing double
bonds in FAs in combination with the collision-induced fragmentation
technique. In the present paper, an aza-Paternò–Büchi
(aPB) reaction of lipids with 6-azauracil (6-AU) was proposed for
the first time for the determination of carbon–carbon double
bonds in fatty acyl chains using higher collisional dissociation in
the negative ion mode. The method was optimized using free FA and
phospholipid analytical standards and compared to the standard Paternò–Büchi
reaction with acetone. The introduction of the 6-AU moiety allowed
enhancing the ionization efficiency of the FA precursor and diagnostic
product ions, thanks to the presence of ionizable sites on the derivatizing
agent. Moreover, the aPB derivatization allowed the obtention of deprotonated
ions of phosphatidylcholines, thanks to an intramolecular methyl transfer
from the phosphocholine polar heads during ionization. The workflow
was finally applied for pinpointing carbon–carbon double bonds
in 77 polar lipids from an yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cerrato
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavaliere
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Carmela Maria Montone
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Susy Piovesana
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
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11
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Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) Derivatization-Based Methods for the Determination of Fatty Acids in Biological Samples. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27175717. [PMID: 36080484 PMCID: PMC9458108 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) play pleiotropic roles in living organisms, acting as signaling molecules and gene regulators. They are present in plants and foods and may affect human health by food ingestion. As a consequence, analytical methods for their determination in biological fluids, plants and foods have attracted high interest. Undoubtedly, mass spectrometry (MS) has become an indispensable technique for the analysis of FAs. Due to the inherent poor ionization efficiency of FAs, their chemical derivatization prior to analysis is often employed. Usually, the derivatization of the FA carboxyl group aims to charge reversal, allowing detection and quantification in positive ion mode, thus, resulting in an increase in sensitivity in determination. Another approach is the derivatization of the double bond of unsaturated FAs, which aims to identify the double bond location. The present review summarizes the various classes of reagents developed for FA derivatization and discusses their applications in the liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS) analysis of FAs in various matrices, including plasma and feces. In addition, applications for the determination of eicosanoids and fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are discussed.
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Han Y, Chen P, Li Z, Wang X, Sun C. Multi-wavelength visible-light induced [2+2] cycloaddition for identification of lipid isomers in biological samples. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1662:462742. [PMID: 34923306 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light-catalyzed Paternò-Büchi (PB) reaction has been developed as an efficient lipid C=C double bond (DB) derivatization strategy, which can accurately assign the position of C=C bond in unsaturated lipids when coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Inspired by this, here we proposed a novel visible-light induced [2+2] cycloaddition reaction combined with ESI-MS/MS and MALDI-MS/MS to identify lipid C=C position isomers. Benz[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione (BIQD) and 6,9-difluorobenzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione (DF-BIQD) were developed as a new type of [2+2] cycloaddition reagent, which can not only react with C=C bond under 254 nm UV light irradiation, but also quickly combine with lipid C=C bond under the irradiation of 405 nm visible-light and > 400 nm compact fluorescent lamp visible-light. High cycloaddition reaction conversion efficiency can be achieved by irradiating under compact fluorescent lamp light for 2 min. Moreover, we discovered that 437 nm, 489 nm, 545 nm, 581 nm, and 613 nm monochromatic light appearing in compact fluorescent lamp can individually induce the [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between DF-BIQD and unsaturated lipids. Using this method, we found that the expressions of lipid DB-positional isomers in rat heart, brain, lung, spleen, thymus, kidney, liver and plasma vary greatly. The relative content of FA-18:1 (Δ9) in rat heart is only 1.49 times that of FA-18:1 (Δ11), while the relative content of FA-18:1 (Δ9) in rat plasma is 5.20 times that of FA-18:1 (Δ11). The above results offer new insight into the development of photocatalytic reagent for visible-light induced [2+2] cycloaddition and structural lipidomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Han
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Chenglong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
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Pathmasiri KC, Nguyen TTA, Khamidova N, Cologna SM. Mass spectrometry-based lipid analysis and imaging. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2021; 88:315-357. [PMID: 34862030 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful tool for in situ mapping of analytes across a sample. With growing interest in lipid biochemistry, the ability to perform such mapping without antibodies has opened many opportunities for MSI and lipid analysis. Herein, we discuss the basics of MSI with particular emphasis on MALDI mass spectrometry and lipid analysis. A discussion of critical advancements as well as protocol details are provided to the reader. In addition, strategies for improving the detection of lipids, as well as applications in biomedical research, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koralege C Pathmasiri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Thu T A Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nigina Khamidova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stephanie M Cologna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Laboratory of Integrated Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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Liu Z, Rochfort S. Regio-distribution and double bond locations of unsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids of bovine milk. Food Chem 2021; 373:131515. [PMID: 34772567 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hundreds of phospholipid (PL) species with defined fatty acid (FA) composition have been identified previously in bovine milk using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Paterno-Buchi photochemical reaction coupled with LC-MS/MS was applied in this study to further unravel the regio-distribution and double bond (DB) locations of FAs. Using SPE-purified PLs and 2-acetylpyridine as the photochemical derivatization reagent, we were able to reveal the non-specific regio-distribution of unsaturated FAs and the widespread occurrence of regioisomers in milk PLs. Although Δ9 and Δ9,12 were found to be the predominant DB location(s) for C18:1 and C18:2 respectively, other DB positional isomers such as C18:1Δ11, C18:1Δ12 and C18:1Δ13 and C18:2Δ9,11 were widely detected in PL structures, implying that the minor isomers of C18:1 and C18:2 equally participate in the synthesis of PLs. Our study provides novel information on the fine structure of milk PLs and further underlines the complexity of milk lipid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Liu
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | - Simone Rochfort
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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Villaseñor A, Godzien J, Barker-Tejeda TC, Gonzalez-Riano C, López-López Á, Dudzik D, Gradillas A, Barbas C. Analytical approaches for studying oxygenated lipids in the search of potential biomarkers by LC-MS. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Heiles S. Advanced tandem mass spectrometry in metabolomics and lipidomics-methods and applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5927-5948. [PMID: 34142202 PMCID: PMC8440309 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics and lipidomics are new drivers of the omics era as molecular signatures and selected analytes allow phenotypic characterization and serve as biomarkers, respectively. The growing capabilities of untargeted and targeted workflows, which primarily rely on mass spectrometric platforms, enable extensive charting or identification of bioactive metabolites and lipids. Structural annotation of these compounds is key in order to link specific molecular entities to defined biochemical functions or phenotypes. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS), first and foremost collision-induced dissociation (CID), is the method of choice to unveil structural details of metabolites and lipids. But CID fragment ions are often not sufficient to fully characterize analytes. Therefore, recent years have seen a surge in alternative tandem MS methodologies that aim to offer full structural characterization of metabolites and lipids. In this article, principles, capabilities, drawbacks, and first applications of these "advanced tandem mass spectrometry" strategies will be critically reviewed. This includes tandem MS methods that are based on electrons, photons, and ion/molecule, as well as ion/ion reactions, combining tandem MS with concepts from optical spectroscopy and making use of derivatization strategies. In the final sections of this review, the first applications of these methodologies in combination with liquid chromatography or mass spectrometry imaging are highlighted and future perspectives for research in metabolomics and lipidomics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Heiles
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich Buff Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Wang DH, Park HG, Wang Z, Lacombe RJS, Shmanai VV, Bekish AV, Schmidt K, Shchepinov MS, Brenna JT. Toward Quantitative Sequencing of Deuteration of Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Chains in Fatty Acids. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8238-8247. [PMID: 34048647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
No general method currently is available for the quantitative determination of deuterium (D) at C positions along a hydrocarbon chain. Bis-allylic deuterated highly unsaturated fatty acids (D-HUFA) are a novel class of drugs stabilized against H-abstraction-mediated oxidation by deuteration at the most labile positions. Ru-based catalytic deuteration overcomes the limited scale of bis-allylic D-HUFA production by total organic synthesis; however, it produces a complex mixture of bis-allylic D isotopologues and isotopomers, requiring detailed sequencing for characterization. We report here adaptation and application of the Paternó-Büchi (PB) reaction of 2-acetylpyridine to a series of D-HUFA with analysis by shotgun lipidomics to determine position-specific quantitative D abundances. Sodiated PBD-HUFA result in diagnostic ions of high abundance upon collision-induced dissociation (CID) activation, enabling sensitive differentiation and quantification of D fraction at each bis- and mono-allylic position for each isotopologue. Catalytically deuterated isotopologues D5-7 linolenic acid (D5-7 LnA), D6-8 arachidonic acid (D6-8 ARA), D7-9 eicosapentaenoic acid (D7-9 EPA), and D9-11 docosahexaenoic acid (D9-11 DHA) incorporate 80-98, 95-100, 81-100, and 83-100% D at their bis-allylic positions, respectively. D-HUFA isotopologues having D number greater than or equal to bis-allylic sites (e.g., D10-DHA or D11-DHA) deuterated >95% at bis-allylic positions, except for D-LnA. The mono-allylic position near the methyl end deuterates to a much greater extent than the mono-allylic position near the carboxyl end, and both positions deuterate only when bis-allylic D is near-saturated. This method enables rapid, accurate characterization of position and isotopomer-specific D composition and enables sequencing along the chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hao Wang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Hui Gyu Park
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Zhen Wang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | | | - Vadim V Shmanai
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Science of Belarus, 13 Surganova Street, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Andrei V Bekish
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Science of Belarus, 13 Surganova Street, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | | | | | - J Thomas Brenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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Wäldchen F, Mohr F, Wagner AH, Heiles S. Multifunctional Reactive MALDI Matrix Enabling High-Lateral Resolution Dual Polarity MS Imaging and Lipid C═C Position-Resolved MS 2 Imaging. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14130-14138. [PMID: 32924439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Local lipid variations in tissues are readily revealed with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) methods, and the resulting lipid distributions serve as bioanalytical signatures to reveal cell- or tissue-specific lipids. Comprehensive MSI lipid mapping requires measurements in both ion polarities. Additionally, structural lipid characterization is necessary to link the lipid structure to lipid function. Whereas some structural elements of lipids are readily derived from high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem-MS (MSn), the localization of C═C double bonds (DBs) requires specialized fragmentation and/or functionalization methods. In this work, we identify a multifunctional matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) matrix for spatially resolved lipidomics investigations that reacts with lipids in Paternò-Büchi (PB) reactions during laser irradiation facilitating DB-position assignment and allows dual-polarity high-resolution MALDI-MSI and MALDI MS2I studies. By screening 12 compounds for improved ionization efficiency in positive-/negative-ion mode and the functionalization yield compared to the previously introduced reactive MALDI matrix benzophenone, 2-benzoylpyridine (BzPy) is identified as the best candidate. The new matrix enables DB localization of authentic standards belonging to 12 lipid classes and helps to assign 133/58 lipid features in positive-/negative-ion mode from mouse cerebellum tissue. The analytical capabilities of BzPy as a multifunctional MALDI-MSI matrix are demonstrated by imaging endogenous and PB-functionalized lipids in mouse kidney sections with 7 μm lateral resolution in both ion modes. Tracking diagnostic lipid DB-position fragment ions in mouse pancreatic tissue with down to 10 μm pixel size allows us to identify the islets of Langerhans associated with lipid isomer upregulation and depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Wäldchen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich Buff Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Franziska Mohr
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Wagner
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Heiles
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich Buff Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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19
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Zhao J, Xie X, Lin Q, Ma X, Su P, Xia Y. Next-Generation Paternò–Büchi Reagents for Lipid Analysis by Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13470-13477. [PMID: 32840355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaobo Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiaohong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pei Su
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yu Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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20
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Blevins MS, James VK, Herrera CM, Purcell AB, Trent MS, Brodbelt JS. Unsaturation Elements and Other Modifications of Phospholipids in Bacteria: New Insight from Ultraviolet Photodissociation Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9146-9155. [PMID: 32479092 PMCID: PMC7384744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycerophospholipids (GPLs), one of the main components of bacterial cell membranes, exhibit high levels of structural complexity that are directly correlated with biophysical membrane properties such as permeability and fluidity. This structural complexity arises from the substantial variability in the individual GPL structural components such as the acyl chain length and headgroup type and is further amplified by the presence of modifications such as double bonds and cyclopropane rings. Here we use liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution and high-mass-accuracy ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry for the most in-depth study of bacterial GPL modifications to date. In doing so, we unravel a diverse array of unexplored GPL modifications, ranging from acyl chain hydroxyl groups to novel headgroup structures. Along with characterizing these modifications, we elucidate general trends in bacterial GPL unsaturation elements and thus aim to decipher some of the biochemical pathways of unsaturation incorporation in bacterial GPLs. Finally, we discover aminoacyl-PGs not only in Gram-positive bacteria but also in Gram-negative C. jejuni, advancing our knowledge of the methods of surface charge modulation that Gram-negative organisms may adopt for antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly S Blevins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Virginia K James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Carmen M Herrera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Alexandria B Purcell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - M Stephen Trent
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Microbiology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Jennifer S Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Xie X, Zhao J, Lin M, Zhang JL, Xia Y. Profiling of Cholesteryl Esters by Coupling Charge-Tagging Paternò-Büchi Reaction and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8487-8496. [PMID: 32412732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The profile of cholesteryl esters (CEs) is increasingly used in metabolic disease monitoring due to the roles of CE in regulating the cholesterol level. While electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry is routinely applied for the identification and quantitation of CE, it has a limitation of not being able to provide the location of carbon-carbon double bond (C═C) within unsaturated fatty acyls. In this study, we paired offline 2-acetylpyridine (2-AP) Paternò-Büchi (PB) reaction and reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to achieve highly sensitive and structural informative CE analysis from complex mixtures. The 2-AP PB reactions of CE standards provided 20-30% conversion but resulted in enhanced ion signal relative to that of intact CE detected as ammonium adduct ions. MS/MS of 2-AP derivatized CE via collision-induced dissociation produced two abundant diagnostic ions for each C═C in a fatty acyl, leading to both sensitive identification and quantitation of C═C location isomers. Twelve saturated and twenty-seven unsaturated CEs were profiled in pooled human plasma; of the latter group, relative quantitation of 6 groups of C═C location isomers was achieved. A dehydrocholesteryl ester, DHE 18:2 (Δ9,12), was confidently differentiated from coexisting compositional isomers: CE 18:3 (Δ9,12,15) and CE 18:3 (Δ6,9,12). The above results represented improved CE coverage at the C═C location level over those reported by gas chromatography MS or acetone PB-MS/MS methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Miao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jin-Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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