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Li LF, Cheng HY, Lang J, Wong TL, Zhang JX, Wu WJ, Zhang QW, Kong HY, Lai CH, Fung HY, Liu M, Bao WR, Huo CY, Zheng HM, Hou QK, Bai SP, Han QB. An oligosaccharide marker for rapid authentication of edible bird's nest. Food Chem 2023; 409:135334. [PMID: 36586266 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Edible bird's nest (EBN) is a popular and expensive food material. The limited supply and great demand result in the use of adulterants. The authenticity concern is raised due to the lack of appropriate quality markers. Herein, this study aims to provide a specific oligosaccharide marker for rapid EBN authentication. Comparing the benzocaine (ABEE)-labeled saccharide profiles of multiple batches of EBN and adulterants indicates seven unique EBN oligosaccharides. The most abundant one, named BNM001, was selected as a marker and characterized to be Neu5Ac (2-3) Gal by MS and NMR spectra. This new oligosaccharide marker enables a rapid authentication of EBN within 10 min. ABEE labelling of this marker further upgraded the accuracy and sensitivity of the LC-qTOF-MS quantitative analysis. The relative marker content was associated with the quality of EBN products. These results suggest a specific and efficient quality marker for rapid authentication of EBN and related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Feng Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Authentication Centre of Valuable Chinese Medicines Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Authentication Centre of Valuable Chinese Medicines Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Lang
- Hong Kong Authentication Centre of Valuable Chinese Medicines Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tin-Long Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ji-Xia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wen-Jie Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Quan-Wei Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hau-Yee Kong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Authentication Centre of Valuable Chinese Medicines Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Check-Hei Lai
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hau-Yee Fung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wan-Rong Bao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chu-Ying Huo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong-Ming Zheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiu-Ke Hou
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Su-Ping Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Quan-Bin Han
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Authentication Centre of Valuable Chinese Medicines Limited, Hong Kong, China; Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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El Sheikha AF. Why the importance of geo-origin tracing of edible bird nests is arising? Food Res Int 2021; 150:110806. [PMID: 34863497 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Edible bird's nest (EBN) swiftlet existed naturally 48,000 years ago in caves as their natural dwellings. Nowadays, edible bird's nest has become a very important industry due to its high nutritional, medicinal and economic value. Additionally, edible bird's nest has a long quality guarantee period. Obviously, the nutritional components and medicinal functions vary depending on geographical origins. Recently, the global demand for edible bird's nest has markedly increased, accompanied by the increasing attention of all key players of the global food trade system, i.e., producers, consumers, traders and the authorities to obtain safe and high-quality edible bird's nest. Hence, this target can be accomplished via the enforcement of an efficient and universal geo-tracing technique. Current methods of the geo-tracking of edible bird's nest, i.e., automation, physical and analytical techniques have several limitations and all of them fail to discriminate different quality grades of edible bird's nest. Meanwhile, in many studies and applications, polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) has proven to be a "cutting edge" technique for greatly enhance food traceability from field to fork through its ability in distinguishing the food products in terms of their quality and safety. This article provides an overview of (1) edible bird's nest as a multiuse strategic food product, (2) quality issues associated with edible bird's nest including implications that the site of acquisition of the edible bird's nest has food safety implications, (3) current regulations and geo-tracking approaches to ensure the safety and quality of edible bird's nest with the special focus on polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis technique as a vigorous and universal geo-tracing tool to be suggested for edible bird's nest geo-traceability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aly Farag El Sheikha
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Road, Nanchang 330045, China; Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada; School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 25 University Private Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Bioengineering and Technological Research Centre for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Road, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 1101 Zhimin Road, Nanchang 330045, China; Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Minufiya University, 32511 Shibin El Kom, Minufiya Government, Egypt.
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Liu J, Shao X, Zhou Z, Lei M, Xia M, Wang D. A simple PCR-RFLP method for identification and detection of medicinal toad and its crude drug even with serious degradation of DNA. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 209:114495. [PMID: 34864355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The secretions of the venom glands, dry skin and whole body of several Bufo species have been used as traditional medicines in East Asia to treat heart failure and cancer. Due to the highly similar morphological features of Bufo species and their derived commercial crude drugs, along with the high similarity of chemical composition of the secretions of venom glands, it is very challenging to identify the medicinal toads and the related crude drugs. The cyt-b sequences provide useful information to authenticate medicinal Bufo species. Based on the cyt-b sequences, a simple PCR-RFLP method was established for the identification of the medicinally used Bufo species as well as their derived crude drugs. The 23 specimens from three medicinally used Bufo species, B. bufo gargarizans (Bbg), B. melanostictus (Bm) and B. raddei (Br), were clearly divided into 3 groups according to the sequences of amplified cyt-b regions, which could be digested by specific restriction enzymes NcoI, EcoRV and BstXI, respectively. Then the specific PCR-RFLP method was further used to identify 9 samples of commercial crude drugs even with serious degradation of DNA, and all nine samples were identified as B. bufo gargarizans. The method is suitable for identification of medicinally used Bufo species and the related crude drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Xinyi Shao
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Ziying Zhou
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Miao Lei
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Mingyu Xia
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biological Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi 117004, China.
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Hui Yan T, Babji AS, Lim SJ, Sarbini SR. A Systematic Review of Edible Swiftlet's Nest (ESN): Nutritional bioactive compounds, health benefits as functional food, and recent development as bioactive ESN glycopeptide hydrolysate. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lv D, Fan Y, Zhong W, Lonan P, Liu K, Wu M, Wu Y, Liang Y, Lai X, Li G, Yu L. Genetic Identification of Edible Bird's Nest in Thailand Based on ARMS-PCR. Front Genet 2021; 12:632232. [PMID: 33763113 PMCID: PMC7983251 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.632232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible bird’s nest (EBN) is a popular delicacy in the Asian Pacific region originating from Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam, which consist of various potential medicine value in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Thailand is one of the main exporters of EBN. However, the genetic information of EBN, a key part of molecular biology, has yet to be reported in Thailand. It is necessary to explore the genetic information of EBN in Thailand based on a quick and simple method to help protect the rights and interests of consumers. This research aimed to systematically evaluate different methods of extracting EBN DNA to improve the efficiency of the analysis of cytochrome b (Cytb) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) gene sequences, the establishment of phylogenetic trees, and the genetic information of EBN in Thailand. Additionally, we aimed to develop a quick and simple method for identifying EBN from different species based on the genetic information and amplification-refractory mutation system PCR (ARMS-PCR). By comparing the four methods [cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), kit and guanidinium isothiocyanate methods] for EBN extraction, we found that the guanidinium isothiocyanate method was the optimal extraction method. Phylogenetic trees generated on the basis of Cytb and ND2 gene analyses showed that 26 samples of house EBN and 4 samples of cave EBN came from Aerodramus fuciphagus and Aerodramus maximus, respectively. In addition, to distinguish different samples from different species of Apodiformes, we designed 4 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification primers based on the ND2 gene sequences of A. fuciphagus and A. maximus. The ARMS-PCR results showed band lengths for A. fuciphagus EBN of 533, 402, and 201 bp, while those for A. maximus EBN were 463, 317, and 201 bp. Collectively, the results showed that ARMS-PCR is a fast and simple method for the genetic identification of EBN based on designing specific original identification primers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyong Lv
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaohua Fan
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanhua Zhong
- School of Physical Education and Health, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Piyanuch Lonan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunfeng Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maoyong Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yina Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueliang Liang
- Guangzhou Tongkang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geng Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangwen Yu
- Guangdong Yunfu Vocational College of Chinese Medicine, Yunfu, China
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