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Parvin N, Kumar V, Joo SW, Mandal TK. Emerging Trends in Nanomedicine: Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Healthcare. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1085. [PMID: 38998691 PMCID: PMC11243447 DOI: 10.3390/nano14131085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials, such as carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and carbon 2D nanosheets (graphene, graphene oxide, and graphdiyne), have shown remarkable potential in various biological applications. CQDs offer tunable photoluminescence and excellent biocompatibility, making them suitable for bioimaging, drug delivery, biosensing, and photodynamic therapy. Additionally, CQDs' unique properties enable bioimaging-guided therapy and targeted imaging of biomolecules. On the other hand, carbon 2D nanosheets exhibit exceptional physicochemical attributes, with graphene excelling in biosensing and bioimaging, also in drug delivery and antimicrobial applications, and graphdiyne in tissue engineering. Their properties, such as tunable porosity and high surface area, contribute to controlled drug release and enhanced tissue regeneration. However, challenges, including long-term biocompatibility and large-scale synthesis, necessitate further research. Potential future directions encompass theranostics, immunomodulation, neural interfaces, bioelectronic medicine, and expanding bioimaging capabilities. In summary, both CQDs and carbon 2D nanosheets hold promise to revolutionize biomedical sciences, offering innovative solutions and improved therapies in diverse biological contexts. Addressing current challenges will unlock their full potential and can shape the future of medicine and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (N.P.); (V.K.)
| | - Tapas Kumar Mandal
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (N.P.); (V.K.)
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Papanikolaou E, Simos YV, Spyrou K, Patila M, Alatzoglou C, Tsamis K, Vezyraki P, Stamatis H, Gournis DP, Peschos D, Dounousi E. Does Green Exfoliation of Graphene Produce More Biocompatible Structures? Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030993. [PMID: 36986854 PMCID: PMC10051938 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene has been studied thoroughly for its use in biomedical applications over the last decades. A crucial factor for a material to be used in such applications is its biocompatibility. Various factors affect the biocompatibility and toxicity of graphene structures, including lateral size, number of layers, surface functionalization, and way of production. In this work, we tested that the green production of few-layer bio-graphene (bG) enhances its biocompatibility compared to chemical-graphene (cG). When tested against three different cell lines in terms of MTT assays, both materials proved to be well-tolerated at a wide range of doses. However, high doses of cG induce long-term toxicity and have a tendency for apoptosis. Neither bG nor cG induced ROS generation or cell cycle modifications. Finally, both materials affect the expression of inflammatory proteins such as Nrf2, NF-kB and HO-1 but further research is required for a safe result. In conclusion, although there is little to choose between bG and cG, bG's sustainable way of production makes it a much more attractive and promising candidate for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Papanikolaou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Yannis V Simos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michaela Patila
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christina Alatzoglou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsamis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Patra Vezyraki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P Gournis
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Peschos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Evangelia Dounousi
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Yang X, Li L, Zhao W, Wang M, Yang W, Tian Y, Zheng R, Deng S, Mu Y, Zhu X. Characteristics and Functional Application of Cellulose Fibers Extracted from Cow Dung Wastes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:648. [PMID: 36676384 PMCID: PMC9866732 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of petroleum-based products has led to increasing environmental and ecological problems, while the extraction and application of various natural cellulose fibers have received increasing attention. This research focuses on the extraction of cellulose fibers from cow dung using different treatments: hot water, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) boilings, as well as a selection of the best quality cow dung fibers for papermaking with quality control. The study's objective is to find a sustainable method to extract as much material as possible from renewable biomass feedstock. The results show that the best extraction rate is obtained by KOH boiling with 42% cellulose fibers extracted. Corresponding handmade paper has a burst index of 2.48 KPam2/g, a tear index of 4.83 mNm2/g and a tensile index of 26.72 Nm/g. This project expands the sources of natural cellulose fibers to an eco-friendly and sustainable one and opens up new applications for cow dung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Yang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wuyun Zhao
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Mengyang Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Wanxia Yang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuhang Tian
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Ruizhe Zheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Shuhang Deng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yongsong Mu
- Huarui Agricultural Company, Zhangye 734500, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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Xiao X, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Li B, Gu L. Photoluminescence and Fluorescence Quenching of Graphene Oxide: A Review. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142444. [PMID: 35889668 PMCID: PMC9319665 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, photoluminescence (PL) material with excellent optical properties has been a hot topic. Graphene oxide (GO) is an excellent candidate for PL material because of its unique optical properties, compared to pure graphene. The existence of an internal band gap in GO can enrich its optical properties significantly. Therefore, GO has been widely applied in many fields such as material science, biomedicine, anti-counterfeiting, and so on. Over the past decade, GO and quantum dots (GOQDs) have attracted the attention of many researchers as luminescence materials, but their luminescence mechanism is still ambiguous, although some theoretical results have been achieved. In addition, GO and GOQDs have fluorescence quenching properties, which can be used in medical imaging and biosensors. In this review, we outline the recent work on the photoluminescence phenomena and quenching process of GO and GOQDs. First, the PL mechanisms of GO are discussed in depth. Second, the fluorescence quenching mechanism and regulation of GO are introduced. Following that, the applications of PL and fluorescence quenching of GO-including biomedicine, electronic devices, material imaging-are addressed. Finally, future development of PL and fluorescence quenching of GO is proposed, and the challenges exploring the optical properties of GO are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bin Li
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Lin Gu
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (L.G.)
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Yan J, Zhang Y, Zheng L, Wu Y, Wang T, Jiang T, Liu X, Peng D, Liu Y, Liu Z. Let‐7i miRNA and platinum loaded nano‐graphene oxide platform for detection/reversion of drug resistance and synergetic chemical‐photothermal inhibition of cancer cell. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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