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Chen Z, Wang Y, Zhang G, Zheng J, Tian L, Song Y, Liu X. Role of LRP5/6/GSK-3β/β-catenin in the differences in exenatide- and insulin-promoted T2D osteogenesis and osteomodulation. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38804080 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Insulin and exenatide are two hypoglycaemic agents that exhibit different osteogenic effects. This study compared the differences between exenatide and insulin in osseointegration in a rat model of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and explored the mechanisms promoting osteogenesis in this model of T2D. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In vivo, micro-CT was used to detect differences in the peri-implant bone microstructure in vivo. Histology, dual-fluorescent labelling, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to detect differences in tissue, cell and protein expression around the implants. In vitro, RT-PCR and western blotting were used to measure the expression of osteogenesis- and Wnt signalling-related genes and proteins in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) from rats with T2D (TBMSCs) after PBS, insulin and exenatide treatment. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of Wnt bypass cascade reactions under Wnt inactivation. KEY RESULTS Micro-CT and section staining showed exenatide extensively promoted peri-implant osseointegration. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed exenatide substantially increased the expression of osteogenesis-related and activated the LRP5/6/GSK-3β/β-catenin-related Wnt pathway. Furthermore, exenatide suppressed expression of Bmpr1a to inhibit lipogenesis and promoted expression of Btrc to suppress inflammation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Compared to insulin, exenatide significantly improved osteogenesis in T2D rats and TBMSCs. In addition to its dependence on LRP5/6/GSK-3β/β-catenin signalling for osteogenic differentiation, exenatide-mediated osteomodulation also involves inhibition of inflammation and adipogenesis by BMPR1A and β-TrCP, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guanhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingliang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Xu J, He S, Xia T, Shan Y, Wang L. Targeting type H vessels in bone-related diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18123. [PMID: 38353470 PMCID: PMC10865918 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are essential for bone development and metabolism. Type H vessels in bone, named after their high expression of CD31 and Endomucin (Emcn), have recently been reported to locate mainly in the metaphysis, exhibit different molecular properties and couple osteogenesis and angiogenesis. A strong correlation between type H vessels and bone metabolism is now well-recognized. The crosstalk between type H vessels and osteoprogenitor cells is also involved in bone metabolism-related diseases such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, fracture healing and bone defects. Targeting the type H vessel formation may become a new approach for managing a variety of bone diseases. This review highlighted the roles of type H vessels in bone-related diseases and summarized the research attempts to develop targeted intervention, which will help us gain a better understanding of their potential value in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xu
- Outpatient DepartmentChildren's Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Shuang‐jian He
- Department of OrthopaedicsSuzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Ting‐ting Xia
- Clinical Research InstituteSuzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yu Shan
- Department of OrthopeadicsSuzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of OrthopaedicsSuzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversitySuzhouChina
- Department of OrthopeadicsThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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3
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Viggers R, Rasmussen NH, Vestergaard P. Effects of Incretin Therapy on Skeletal Health in Type 2 Diabetes-A Systematic Review. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10817. [PMID: 38025038 PMCID: PMC10652182 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes poses a significant risk to bone health, with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) having a more detrimental impact than Type 2 diabetes (T2D). The group of hormones known as incretins, which includes gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), play a role in regulating bowel function and insulin secretion during feeding. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are emerging as the primary treatment choice in T2D, particularly when atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is present. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4is), although less potent than GLP-1 RAs, can also be used. Additionally, GLP-1 RAs, either alone or in combination with GIP, may be employed to address overweight and obesity. Since feeding influences bone turnover, a relationship has been established between incretins and bone health. To explore this relationship, we conducted a systematic literature review following the PRISMA guidelines. While some studies on cells and animals have suggested positive effects of incretins on bone cells, turnover, and bone density, human studies have yielded either no or limited and conflicting results regarding their impact on bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk. The effect on fracture risk may vary depending on the choice of comparison drug and the duration of follow-up, which was often limited in several studies. Nevertheless, GLP-1 RAs may hold promise for people with T2D who have multiple fracture risk factors and poor metabolic control. Furthermore, a potential new area of interest is the use of GLP-1 RAs in fracture prevention among overweight and obese people. Based on this systematic review, existing evidence remains insufficient to support a positive or a superior effect on bone health to reduce fracture risk in people with T2D. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Viggers
- Steno Diabetes Center North DenmarkAalborgDenmark
- Department of EndocrinologyAalborg University HospitalAalborgDenmark
| | | | - Peter Vestergaard
- Steno Diabetes Center North DenmarkAalborgDenmark
- Department of EndocrinologyAalborg University HospitalAalborgDenmark
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Orvalho JM, Fernandes JCH, Moraes Castilho R, Fernandes GVO. The Macrophage’s Role on Bone Remodeling and Osteogenesis: a Systematic Review. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-023-09286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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5
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Guan P, Ji Y, Kang X, Liu W, Yang Q, Liu S, Lin Y, Zhang Z, Li J, Zhang Y, Liu C, Fan L, Sun Y. Biodegradable Dual-Cross-Linked Hydrogels with Stem Cell Differentiation Regulatory Properties Promote Growth Plate Injury Repair via Controllable Three-Dimensional Mechanics and a Cartilage-like Extracellular Matrix. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:8986-8998. [PMID: 36752284 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in cell transplantation therapy have revealed the promising potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) for promoting the regeneration of growth plate cartilage injury. However, the high apoptosis rate and the uncertainty of the differentiation direction of cells often lead to poor therapeutic effects. Cells are often grown under three-dimensional (3D) conditions in vivo, and the stiffness and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are important regulators of stem cell differentiation. To this end, a 3D cartilage-like ECM hydrogel with tunable mechanical properties was designed and synthesized mainly from gelatin methacrylate (GM) and oxidized chondroitin sulfate (OCS) via dynamic Schiff base bonding under UV. The effects of scaffold stiffness and composition on the survival and differentiation of BMSCs in vitro were investigated. A rat model of growth plate injury was developed to validate the effect of the GMOCS hydrogels encapsulated with BMSCs on the repair of growth plate injury. The results showed that 3D GMOCS hydrogels with an appropriate modulus significantly promoted chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and GMOCS/BMSC transplantation could effectively inhibit bone bridge formation and promote the repair of damaged growth plates. Accordingly, GMOCS/BMSC therapy can be engineered as a promising therapeutic candidate for growth plate injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Guan
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuelun Ji
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xinchang Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weilu Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qinfeng Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shencai Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yeying Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zuyu Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Junji Li
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yongjian Sun
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, Center for Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Li Y, Guan H, Tian R, Kong N, Liu G, Li Z, Wang K, Yang P. Melatonin promotes the restoration of bone defects via enhancement of miR-335-5p combined with inhibition of TNFα/NF-κB signaling. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22711. [PMID: 36520091 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200572rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Accelerating the repair of a bone defect is crucial clinically due to the increased prevalence of trauma, tumor, and infections in bone. Studies have found that excess acute and chronic inflammation attenuate osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells). Moreover, TNF-α and NF-κB could inhibit osteoblasts differentiation of BMSCs and promote osteoclastogenesis via multiple mechanisms, such as increasing osteoclast precursor cells and acting synergistically with cell cytokines. However, melatonin could inhibit the expression of TNFα/NF-κB and promote bone formation by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. However, there has been no evidence regarding the effect of melatonin on TNFα/NF-κB-inhibited osteoblastogenesis and bone formation. This study aimed to investigate the role of melatonin on TNFα/NF-κB-inhibited osteoblastogenesis and bone formation. Micro-CT, high-throughput screening, overexpression, and other methods were used, and we found that the number of osteoblasts was elevated with melatonin treatment. Additionally, TNFα/NF-κB signaling was inhibited, while miR-335-5p expression increased markedly following treatment with melatonin. Furthermore, miR-335-5p negatively regulated TNFα/NF-κB signaling, while miR-335-5p inhibitor ameliorated the effects of melatonin on TNFα/NF-κB. In conclusion, melatonin facilitates osteogenesis in bone defect healing by enhancing miR-335-5p expression and inhibiting the TNFα/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Li
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Huanshuai Guan
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Run Tian
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Kong
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Guanzhi Liu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Kunzheng Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Wang N, Liu X, Tang Z, Wei X, Dong H, Liu Y, Wu H, Wu Z, Li X, Ma X, Guo Z. Increased BMSC exosomal miR-140-3p alleviates bone degradation and promotes bone restoration by targeting Plxnb1 in diabetic rats. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:97. [PMID: 35236339 PMCID: PMC8889728 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered to be an important factor for bone degeneration disorders such as bone defect nonunion, which is characterized by physical disability and tremendous economy cost to families and society. Exosomal miRNAs of BMSCs have been reported to participate in osteoblastogenesis and modulating bone formation. However, their impacts on the development of bone degeneration in DM are not yet known. The role of miRNAs in BMSCs exosomes on regulating hyperglycemia bone degeneration was investigated in the present study. Results The osteogenic potential in bone defect repair of exosomes derived from diabetes mellitus BMSCs derived exosomes (DM-Exos) were revealed to be lower than that in normal BMSCs derived exosomes (N-Exos) in vitro and in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that miR-140-3p level was significantly altered in exosomes derived from BMSCs, ADSCs and serum from DM rats. In in vitro experiments, upregulated miR-140-3p exosomes promoted DM BMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts. The effects were exerted by miR-140-3p targeting plxnb1, plexin B1 is the receptor of semaphoring 4D(Sema4D) that inhibited osteocytes differentiation, thereby promoting bone formation. In DM rats with bone defect, miR-140-3p upregulated exosomes were transplanted into injured bone and accelerated bone regeneration. Besides, miR-140-3p in the exosomes was transferred into BMSCs and osteoblasts and promoted bone regeneration by targeting the plexin B1/RohA/ROCK signaling pathway. Conclusions Normal-Exos and miR-140-3p overexpressed-Exos accelerated diabetic wound healing by promoting the osteoblastogenesis function of BMSCs through inhibition plexin B1 expression which is the receptor of Sema4D and the plexin B1/RhoA/ROCK pathway compared with diabetes mellitus-Exos. This offers a new insight and a new therapy for treating diabetic bone unhealing. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01267-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuanchen Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinghui Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yichao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The 63750 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, 710043, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xue Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
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Meurot C, Jacques C, Martin C, Sudre L, Breton J, Rattenbach R, Bismuth K, Berenbaum F. Targeting the GLP-1/GLP-1R axis to treat osteoarthritis: A new opportunity? J Orthop Translat 2022; 32:121-129. [PMID: 35280931 PMCID: PMC8888891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease affecting millions of people worldwide. In OA, chondrocytes, synovial cells and other joint cells become activated when exposed to an abnormal environment, including mechanical stress, inflammatory cytokines or disorganization of matrix proteins. Several analogues of the hormones called incretins have been developed and are used notably for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data has accumulated to suggest that incretinomimetics, which bind to the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), have beneficial pleiotropic effects such as immunomodulation, anti-inflammation and neuronal protection. Thus, because of their anti-inflammatory properties, GLP-1-based therapies could benefit OA patients. This review focuses on the GLP-1R pathway, molecular mechanisms and phenotypes related to OA pathogenesis. The translational potential of this article The search for new therapeutic targets to treat people suffering from OA remains urgent as there is currently no disease-modifyingtherapy available for this disease. This review discusses how GLP-1 analogues could be potential DMOADs for treating OA thanks to their anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory and differentiation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C. Jacques
- Sorbonne University, INSERM UMRS_938 and Labex Transimmunom, CDR St-Antoine Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - R. Rattenbach
- 4P-Pharma, Lille, France
- 4Moving Biotech, Lille, France
| | | | - F. Berenbaum
- 4Moving Biotech, Lille, France
- APHP, Sorbonne University, Rheumatology Department, INSERM UMRS_938, CDR St-Antoine Paris, Paris, France
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Chen J, Hendriks M, Chatzis A, Ramasamy SK, Kusumbe AP. Bone Vasculature and Bone Marrow Vascular Niches in Health and Disease. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:2103-2120. [PMID: 32845550 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone vasculature and bone marrow vascular niches supply oxygen, nutrients, and secrete angiocrine factors required for the survival, maintenance, and self-renewal of stem and progenitor cells. In the skeletal system, vasculature creates nurturing niches for bone and blood-forming stem cells. Blood vessels regulate hematopoiesis and drive bone formation during development, repair, and regeneration. Dysfunctional vascular niches induce skeletal aging, bone diseases, and hematological disorders. Recent cellular and molecular characterization of the bone marrow microenvironment has provided unprecedented insights into the complexity, heterogeneity, and functions of the bone vasculature and vascular niches. The bone vasculature is composed of distinct vessel subtypes that differentially regulate osteogenesis, hematopoiesis, and disease conditions in bones. Further, bone marrow vascular niches supporting stem cells are often complex microenvironments involving multiple different cell populations and vessel subtypes. This review provides an overview of the emerging vascular cell heterogeneity in bone and the new roles of the bone vasculature and associated vascular niches in health and disease. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michelle Hendriks
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandros Chatzis
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Saravana K Ramasamy
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anjali P Kusumbe
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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