1
|
Ooi YJ, Huang C, Lau K, Chew SY, Park JG, Chan-Park MB. Nontoxic, Biodegradable Hyperbranched Poly(β-amino ester)s for Efficient siRNA Delivery and Gene Silencing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:14093-14112. [PMID: 38449351 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene silencing is a promising therapeutic approach to treat various diseases, but safe and efficient delivery remains a major challenge to its clinical application. Non-viral gene vectors, such as poly(β-amino esters) (pBAEs), have emerged as a potential candidate due to their biodegradability, low toxicity profile, ease of synthesis, and high gene transfection efficiency for both DNA and siRNA delivery. However, achieving significant gene silencing using pBAEs often requires a large amount of polymer carrier (with polymer/siRNA weight ratio >100) or high siRNA dose (>100 nM), which might potentially exacerbate toxicity concerns during delivery. To overcome these barriers, we designed and optimized a series of hyperbranched pBAEs capable of efficiently condensing siRNA and achieving excellent silencing efficiency at a lower polymer/siRNA weight ratio (w/w) and siRNA dose. Through modulation of monomer combinations and branching density, we identified the top-performing hyperbranched pBAEs, named as h(A2B3)-1, which possess good siRNA condensation ability, low cytotoxicity, and high cellular uptake efficiency. Compared with Lipofectamine 2000, h(A2B3)-1 achieved lower cytotoxicity and higher siRNA silencing efficiency in HeLa cells at a polymer/siRNA weight ratio of 30 and 30 nM siRNA dose. Notably, h(A2B3)-1 enhanced the gene uptake in primary neural cells and effectively silenced the target gene in hard-to-transfect primary cortical neurons and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, with gene knockdown efficiencies of 34.8 and 53.4% respectively. By incorporating a bioreducible disulfide compartment into the polymer backbone, the cytocompatibility of the h(A2B3)-1 was greatly enhanced while maintaining their good transfection efficiency. Together, the low cytotoxicity and high siRNA transfection efficiency of hyperbranched h(A2B3)-1 in this study demonstrated their great potential as a non-viral gene vector for efficient siRNA delivery and RNAi-mediated gene silencing. This provides valuable insight into the future development of safe and efficient non-viral siRNA delivery systems as well as their translation into clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jie Ooi
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Chongquan Huang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
- Neuroscience@NTU, Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Kieran Lau
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jong Gu Park
- Welgene Inc, 693, Namcheon-ro, Namcheon-myeon, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38695, Republic of Korea
| | - Mary B Chan-Park
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gemayel J, Chebly A, Kourie H, Hanna C, Mheidly K, Mhanna M, Karam F, Ghoussaini D, Najjar PE, Khalil C. Genome Engineering as a Therapeutic Approach in Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2024; 5:2300201. [PMID: 38465225 PMCID: PMC10919288 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.202300201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the foremost causes of mortality. The human genome remains stable over time. However, human activities and environmental factors have the power to influence the prevalence of certain types of mutations. This goes to the excessive progress of xenobiotics and industrial development that is expanding the territory for cancers to develop. The mechanisms involved in immune responses against cancer are widely studied. Genome editing has changed the genome-based immunotherapy process in the human body and has opened a new era for cancer treatment. In this review, recent cancer immunotherapies and the use of genome engineering technology are largely focused on.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Gemayel
- Faculty of SciencesBalamand UniversityBeirutLebanon
- FMPS Holding BIOTECKNO s.a.l. Research and Quality SolutionsNaccashBeirut60 247Lebanon
| | - Alain Chebly
- Center Jacques Loiselet for Medical Genetics and Genomics (CGGM), Faculty of MedicineSaint Joseph UniversityBeirutLebanon
- Higher Institute of Public HealthSaint Joseph UniversityBeirutLebanon
| | - Hampig Kourie
- Center Jacques Loiselet for Medical Genetics and Genomics (CGGM), Faculty of MedicineSaint Joseph UniversityBeirutLebanon
- Faculty of MedicineSaint Joseph UniversityBeirutLebanon
| | - Colette Hanna
- Faculty of MedicineLebanese American University Medical CenterRizk HospitalBeirutLebanon
| | | | - Melissa Mhanna
- Faculty of MedicineParis Saclay University63 Rue Gabriel PériLe Kremlin‐Bicêtre94270France
| | - Farah Karam
- Faculty of MedicineBalamand UniversityBeirutLebanon
| | | | - Paula El Najjar
- FMPS Holding BIOTECKNO s.a.l. Research and Quality SolutionsNaccashBeirut60 247Lebanon
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, School of EngineeringHoly Spirit University of KaslikJounieh446Lebanon
| | - Charbel Khalil
- Reviva Regenerative Medicine CenterBsalimLebanon
- Bone Marrow Transplant UnitBurjeel Medical CityAbu DhabiUAE
- Lebanese American University School of MedicineBeirutLebanon
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Su M, Hu Z, Sun Y, Qi Y, Yu B, Xu FJ. Hydroxyl-rich branched polycations for nucleic acid delivery. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:581-595. [PMID: 38014423 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01394d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Recently, nucleic acid delivery has become an amazing route for the treatment of various malignant diseases, and polycationic vectors are attracting more and more attention among gene vectors. However, conventional polycationic vectors still face many obstacles in nucleic acid delivery, such as significant cytotoxicity, high protein absorption behavior, and unsatisfactory blood compatibility caused by a high positive charge density. To solve these problems, the fabrication of hydroxyl-rich branched polycationic vectors has been proposed. For the synthesis of hydroxyl-rich branched polycations, a one-pot method is considered as the preferred method due to its simple preparation process. In this review, typical one-pot methods for fabricating hydroxyl-rich polycations are presented. In particular, amine-epoxide ring-opening polymerization as a novel approach is mainly introduced. In addition, various therapeutic scenarios of hydroxyl-rich branched polycations via one-pot fabrication are also generalized. We believe that this review will motivate the optimized design of hydroxyl-rich branched polycations for potential nucleic acid delivery and their bio-applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengrui Su
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Zichen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Yujie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Yu Qi
- China Meat Food Research Center, Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, Beijing 100068, PR China.
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Bingran Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Fu-Jian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang J, Cai X, Dou R, Guo C, Tang J, Hu Y, Chen H, Chen J. Poly(β-amino ester)s-based nanovehicles: Structural regulation and gene delivery. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 32:568-581. [PMID: 37200860 PMCID: PMC10185705 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The first poly(β-amino) esters (PβAEs) were synthesized more than 40 years ago. Since 2000, PβAEs have been found to have excellent biocompatibility and the capability of ferrying gene molecules. Moreover, the synthesis process of PβAEs is simple, the monomers are readily available, and the polymer structure can be tailored to meet different gene delivery needs by adjusting the monomer type, monomer ratio, reaction time, etc. Therefore, PβAEs are a promising class of non-viral gene vector materials. This review paper presents a comprehensive overview of the synthesis and correlated properties of PβAEs and summarizes the progress of each type of PβAE for gene delivery. The review focuses in particular on the rational design of PβAE structures, thoroughly discusses the correlations between intrinsic structure and effect, and then finishes with the applications and perspectives of PβAEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Rui Dou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Jiaruo Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Hanqing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
- Corresponding author: Hanqing Chen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Corresponding author: Jun Chen, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Muzzio N, Eduardo Martinez-Cartagena M, Romero G. Soft nano and microstructures for the photomodulation of cellular signaling and behavior. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 190:114554. [PMID: 36181993 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive soft materials are everywhere in the nature, from human's retina tissues to plants, and have been the inspiration for engineers in the development of modern biomedical materials. Light as an external stimulus is particularly attractive because it is relatively cheap, noninvasive to superficial biological tissues, can be delivered contactless and offers high spatiotemporal control. In the biomedical field, soft materials that respond to long wavelength or that incorporate a photon upconversion mechanism are desired to overcome the limited UV-visible light penetration into biological tissues. Upon light exposure, photosensitive soft materials respond through mechanisms of isomerization, crosslinking or cleavage, hyperthermia, photoreactions, electrical current generation, among others. In this review, we discuss the most recent applications of photosensitive soft materials in the modulation of cellular behavior, for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, in drug delivery and for phototherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Muzzio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
| | | | - Gabriela Romero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jin J, Yang QQ, Zhou YL. Non-Viral Delivery of Gene Therapy to the Tendon. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163338. [PMID: 36015594 PMCID: PMC9415435 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The tendon, as a compact connective tissue, is difficult to treat after an acute laceration or chronic degeneration. Gene-based therapy is a highly efficient strategy for diverse diseases which has been increasingly applied in tendons in recent years. As technology improves by leaps and bounds, a wide variety of non-viral vectors have been manufactured that attempt to have high biosecurity and transfection efficiency, considered to be a promising treatment modality. In this review, we examine the unwanted biological barriers, the categories of applicable genes, and the introduction and comparison of non-viral vectors. We focus on lipid-based nanoparticles and polymer-based nanoparticles, differentiating between them based on their combination with diverse chemical modifications and scaffolds.
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu X, Ding F, Guo Y, Jiang K, Fu Y, Zhu L, Li M, Zhu X, Zhang C. Complexing the Pre-assembled Brush-like siRNA with Poly(β-amino ester) for Efficient Gene Silencing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1857-1867. [PMID: 35107256 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been emerging as a highly selective and effective pharmaceutics for treating broad classes of diseases. However, the practical application of siRNA agent is often hampered by its poor crossing of the cellular membrane barrier and ineffective releasing from endosome to cytoplasm, leading to low gene silencing efficacy for clinical purposes. Thus far, cationic lipid and polymer-based vectors have been extensively explored for gene delivery. Yet condensing the rigid and highly negatively charged siRNA duplex to form a stable complex vehicle usually requires a large load of cationic carriers, prone to raising the toxicity issue for delivery. Herein, we develop a simple strategy that can efficiently condense the siRNAs into nanoparticle vehicles for target gene regulation. In this approach, we first employ a DNA-grafted polycaprolactone (DNA-g-PCL) brush as template to organize the small rigid siRNAs into a large brush-like structure (siRNA-brush) through nucleic acid hybridization. Then, the siRNA-brush assembly is condensed by an ionizable and biodegradable polymer (poly(β-amino ester), PBAE) under acidic buffer condition to form a stable nanoparticle for siRNA delivery. Compared to the free siRNAs with poor complexing capability with PBAE, the large brush-like siRNA assemblies with more complicated topological architecture significantly promotes their electrostatic interaction with PBAE, enabling the formation of complexed nanoparticles at low weight ratio of polymer to siRNA. Additionally, PBAE/siRNA-brush complexes exhibit good biocompatibility and stability under physiological condition, as well as enhanced cellular internalization. When equipped with functional siRNAs, the obtained delivery system demonstrates excellent downregulation of target genes both in vitro and in vivo, through which the progression of hypertrophic scars can be retarded with negligible adverse effects in an xenografted mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fei Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yucheng Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200217, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Role of siRNA-based nanocarriers for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1431-1440. [PMID: 35017085 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) lead to the progressive degeneration of the structural and physiological functions of the central and peripheral nervous systems, resulting in lifelong cognitive and motor dysfunction. Although comprehensive treatment of NDs is lacking, small interfering (si)RNA has shown therapeutic utility in the form of cellular nuclease-driven downregulation of mRNA levels. Various nanotechnologies have been used to modulate crucial physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of siRNA to provide protection and to enhance biomembrane interactions, residence times, tissue absorption, and cellular internalization for improved cytoplasm and/or nucleus interactions. In this review, we highlight advances in, and the role of, siRNA-based nanocarriers for the treatment of various NDs.
Collapse
|
9
|
Iqbal S, Zhao Z. Poly (β amino esters) copolymers: Novel potential vectors for delivery of genes and related therapeutics. Int J Pharm 2022; 611:121289. [PMID: 34775041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The unique properties of polymers have performed an essential contribution to the drug delivery system by providing an outstanding platform for the delivery of macromolecules and genes. However, the block copolymers have been the subject of many recently published works whose results have demonstrated excellent performance in drug targeting. Poly(β-amino esters) (PβAEs) copolymers are the synthetic cationic polymers that are tailored by chemically joining PβAEs with other additives to demonstrate extraordinary efficiency in designing pre-defined and pre-programmed nanostructures, site-specific delivery, andovercoming the distinct cellular barriers. Different compositional and structural libraries could be generated by combinatorial chemistry and by the addition of various novel functional additives that fulfill the multiple requirements of targeted delivery. These intriguing attributes allow PβAE-copolymers to have customized therapeutic functions such as excellent encapsulation capacity, high stability, and stimuli-responsive release. Here, we give an overview of PβAE copolymers-based formulations along with focusing on most notable improvements such as structural modifications, bio-conjugations, and stimuli-responsive approaches, for safe and effective nucleic acids delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Zhongxi Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China; Key University Laboratory of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China; Pediatric Pharmaceutical Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Shandong Dyne Marine Biopharmaceutical Company Limited, Rongcheng, Shandong 264300, PR China; Chemical Immunopharmaceutical Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Shandong Xili Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Heze, Shandong 274300, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Han M, Beon J, Lee JY, Oh SS. Systematic Combination of Oligonucleotides and Synthetic Polymers for Advanced Therapeutic Applications. Macromol Res 2021; 29:665-680. [PMID: 34754286 PMCID: PMC8568687 DOI: 10.1007/s13233-021-9093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The potential of oligonucleotides is exceptional in therapeutics because of their high safety, potency, and specificity compared to conventional therapeutic agents. However, many obstacles, such as low in vivo stability and poor cellular uptake, have hampered their clinical success. Use of polymeric carriers can be an effective approach for overcoming the biological barriers and thereby maximizing the therapeutic efficacy of the oligonucleotides due to the availability of highly tunable synthesis and functional modification of various polymers. As loaded in the polymeric carriers, the therapeutic oligonucleotides, such as antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNAs, microRNAs, and even messenger RNAs, become nuclease-resistant by bypassing renal filtration and can be efficiently internalized into disease cells. In this review, we introduced a variety of systematic combinations between the therapeutic oligonucleotides and the synthetic polymers, including the uses of highly functionalized polymers responding to a wide range of endogenous and exogenous stimuli for spatiotemporal control of oligonucleotide release. We also presented intriguing characteristics of oligonucleotides suitable for targeted therapy and immunotherapy, which can be fully supported by versatile polymeric carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moohyun Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673 Korea
| | - Jiyun Beon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673 Korea
| | - Ju Young Lee
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429 Korea
| | - Seung Soo Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pan X, Veroniaina H, Su N, Sha K, Jiang F, Wu Z, Qi X. Applications and developments of gene therapy drug delivery systems for genetic diseases. Asian J Pharm Sci 2021; 16:687-703. [PMID: 35027949 PMCID: PMC8737406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic diseases seriously threaten human health and have always been one of the refractory conditions facing humanity. Currently, gene therapy drugs such as siRNA, shRNA, antisense oligonucleotide, CRISPR/Cas9 system, plasmid DNA and miRNA have shown great potential in biomedical applications. To avoid the degradation of gene therapy drugs in the body and effectively deliver them to target tissues, cells and organelles, the development of excellent drug delivery vehicles is of utmost importance. Viral vectors are the most widely used delivery vehicles for gene therapy in vivo and in vitro due to their high transfection efficiency and stable transgene expression. With the development of nanotechnology, novel nanocarriers are gradually replacing viral vectors, emerging superior performance. This review mainly illuminates the current widely used gene therapy drugs, summarizes the viral vectors and non-viral vectors that deliver gene therapy drugs, and sums up the application of gene therapy to treat genetic diseases. Additionally, the challenges and opportunities of the field are discussed from the perspective of developing an effective nano-delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Pan
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | | | - Nan Su
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Kang Sha
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Fenglin Jiang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhenghong Wu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Application of Non-Viral Vectors in Drug Delivery and Gene Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193307. [PMID: 34641123 PMCID: PMC8512075 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vectors and carriers play an indispensable role in gene therapy and drug delivery. Non-viral vectors are widely developed and applied in clinical practice due to their low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility, easy synthesis and modification, and low cost of production. This review summarized a variety of non-viral vectors and carriers including polymers, liposomes, gold nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes from the aspects of physicochemical characteristics, synthesis methods, functional modifications, and research applications. Notably, non-viral vectors can enhance the absorption of cargos, prolong the circulation time, improve therapeutic effects, and provide targeted delivery. Additional studies focused on recent innovation of novel synthesis techniques for vector materials. We also elaborated on the problems and future research directions in the development of non-viral vectors, which provided a theoretical basis for their broad applications.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kumar R, Santa Chalarca CF, Bockman MR, Bruggen CV, Grimme CJ, Dalal RJ, Hanson MG, Hexum JK, Reineke TM. Polymeric Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11527-11652. [PMID: 33939409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advent of genome editing has transformed the therapeutic landscape for several debilitating diseases, and the clinical outlook for gene therapeutics has never been more promising. The therapeutic potential of nucleic acids has been limited by a reliance on engineered viral vectors for delivery. Chemically defined polymers can remediate technological, regulatory, and clinical challenges associated with viral modes of gene delivery. Because of their scalability, versatility, and exquisite tunability, polymers are ideal biomaterial platforms for delivering nucleic acid payloads efficiently while minimizing immune response and cellular toxicity. While polymeric gene delivery has progressed significantly in the past four decades, clinical translation of polymeric vehicles faces several formidable challenges. The aim of our Account is to illustrate diverse concepts in designing polymeric vectors towards meeting therapeutic goals of in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy. Here, we highlight several classes of polymers employed in gene delivery and summarize the recent work on understanding the contributions of chemical and architectural design parameters. We touch upon characterization methods used to visualize and understand events transpiring at the interfaces between polymer, nucleic acids, and the physiological environment. We conclude that interdisciplinary approaches and methodologies motivated by fundamental questions are key to designing high-performing polymeric vehicles for gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Matthew R Bockman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Craig Van Bruggen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christian J Grimme
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rishad J Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mckenna G Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph K Hexum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Muhammad K, Zhao J, Gao B, Feng Y. Polymeric nano-carriers for on-demand delivery of genes via specific responses to stimuli. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:9621-9641. [PMID: 32955058 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01675f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nano-carriers have been developed as a most capable and feasible technology platform for gene therapy. As vehicles, polymeric nano-carriers are obliged to possess high gene loading capability, low immunogenicity, safety, and the ability to transfer various genetic materials into specific sites of target cells to express therapeutic proteins or block a process of gene expression. To this end, various types of polymeric nano-carriers have been prepared to release genes in response to stimuli such as pH, redox, enzymes, light and temperature. These stimulus-responsive nano-carriers exhibit high gene transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity. In particular, dual- and multi-stimulus-responsive polymeric nano-carriers can respond to a combination of signals. Markedly, these combined responses take place either simultaneously or in a sequential manner. These dual-stimulus-responsive polymeric nano-carriers can control gene delivery with high gene transfection both in vitro and in vivo. In this review paper, we highlight the recent exciting developments in stimulus-responsive polymeric nano-carriers for gene delivery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khan Muhammad
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jiang X, Abedi K, Shi J. Polymeric nanoparticles for RNA delivery. REFERENCE MODULE IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING 2021. [PMCID: PMC8568333 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822425-0.00017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As exemplified by recent clinical approval of RNA drugs including the latest COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, RNA therapy has demonstrated great promise as an emerging medicine. Central to the success of RNA therapy is the delivery of RNA molecules into the right cells at the right location. While the clinical success of nanotechnology in RNA therapy has been limited to lipid-based nanoparticles currently, polymers, due to their tunability and robustness, have also evolved as a class of promising material for the delivery of various therapeutics including RNAs. This article overviews different types of polymers used in RNA delivery and the methods for the formulation of polymeric nanoparticles and highlights recent progress of polymeric nanoparticle-based RNA therapy.
Collapse
|
16
|
Gurnani P, Blakney AK, Yeow J, Bouton CR, Shattock RJ, Stevens MM, Alexander C. An improved synthesis of poly(amidoamine)s for complexation with self-amplifying RNA and effective transfection. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00912a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aza-Michael addition to synthesise poly(amidoamines) was optimised to minimise appearance of bimodal molecular weight distributions caused by a radical-branching side-reaction. This significantly improved cellular delivery of a model self-amplifying RNA vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Gurnani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
- UK
| | - Anna K. Blakney
- Department of Infectious Disease
- Imperial College London
- School of Medicine
- St Mary's Hospital
- London W2 1NY
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Department of Materials and the Department of Bioengineering at Imperial College London
- SW7 2AZ London
- UK
| | - Clément R. Bouton
- Department of Infectious Disease
- Imperial College London
- School of Medicine
- St Mary's Hospital
- London W2 1NY
| | - Robin J. Shattock
- Department of Infectious Disease
- Imperial College London
- School of Medicine
- St Mary's Hospital
- London W2 1NY
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials and the Department of Bioengineering at Imperial College London
- SW7 2AZ London
- UK
| | - Cameron Alexander
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang X, Liang Q, Mao Y, Zhang R, Deng Q, Chen Y, Zhu R, Duan S, Yin L. Bioreducible, branched poly(β-amino ester)s mediate anti-inflammatory ICAM-1 siRNA delivery against myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:3856-3870. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00631a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ICAM-1 siRNA delivery mediated by bioreducible, branched BPAE-SS toward the anti-inflammatory treatment of myocardial IR injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Qiujun Liang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Yiming Mao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Suzhou 214804
- China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery
| | - Rujing Zhang
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology
- DTU Nanotech
- Technical University of Denmark
- 2800 Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Qiurong Deng
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Yongbing Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Suzhou 214804
- China
| | - Rongying Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Suzhou 214804
- China
| | - Shanzhou Duan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery
- the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Suzhou 214804
- China
| | - Lichen Yin
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| |
Collapse
|