1
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Lu B, Takahashi K, Zhou J, Nakagawa S, Yamamoto Y, Katashima T, Yoshie N, Nozaki K. Mild Catalytic Degradation of Crystalline Polyethylene Units in a Solid State Assisted by Carboxylic Acid Groups. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19599-19608. [PMID: 38952064 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Crystalline polyethylenes bearing carboxylic acid groups in the main chain were successfully degraded with a Ce catalyst and visible light. The reaction proceeds in a crystalline solid state without swelling in acetonitrile or water at a reaction temperature as low as 60 or 80 °C, employing dioxygen in air as the only stoichiometric reactant with nearly quantitative recovery of carbon atoms. Heterogeneous features of the reaction allowed us to reveal a dynamic morphological change of polymer crystals during the degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kohei Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jian Zhou
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Shintaro Nakagawa
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamamoto
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takuya Katashima
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Naoko Yoshie
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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2
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Wang Y, Yao Y, Fu N. Electrophotochemical metal-catalyzed synthesis of alkylnitriles from simple aliphatic carboxylic acids. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1497-1503. [PMID: 38978749 PMCID: PMC11228820 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
We report a practical and sustainable electrophotochemical metal-catalyzed protocol for decarboxylative cyanation of simple aliphatic carboxylic acids. This environmentally friendly method features easy availability of substrates, broad functional group compatibility, and directly converts a diverse range of aliphatic carboxylic acids including primary and tertiary alkyl acids into synthetically versatile alkylnitriles without using chemical oxidants or costly cyanating reagents under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Niankai Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Patra J, Nair AM, Volla CMR. Expedient radical phosphonylations via ligand to metal charge transfer on bismuth. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7136-7143. [PMID: 38756813 PMCID: PMC11095378 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00692e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Bismuth, in spite of its low cost and low toxicity, has found limited application in organic synthesis. Although the photoactivity of Bi(iii) salts has been well studied, this has not been effectively exploited in photocatalysis. To date, only a single report exists for the Bi-based photocatalysis, wherein carbon centered radicals were generated using ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT) on bismuth. In this regard, expanding the horizon of bismuth LMCT catalysis for the generation of heteroatom centered radicals, we hereby report an efficient radical phosphonylation using BiCl3 as the LMCT catalyst. Phosphonyl radicals generated via visible-light induced LMCT of BiCl3 were subjected to a variety of transformations like alkylation, amination, alkynylation and cascade cyclizations. The catalytic system tolerated a wide range of substrate classes, delivering excellent yields of the scaffolds. The reactions were scalable and required low catalytic loading of bismuth. Detailed mechanistic studies were carried out to probe the reaction mechanism. Diverse radical phosphonylations leading to the formation of sp3-C-P, sp2-C-P, sp-C-P, and P-N bonds in the current work present the candidacy of bismuth as a versatile photocatalyst for small molecule activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Akshay M Nair
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Chandra M R Volla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
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4
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Morris AO, Barriault L. Redox-Neutral Multicatalytic Cerium Photoredox-Enabled Cleavage of O-H Bearing Substrates. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400642. [PMID: 38436591 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The need for synthetic methodologies capable of rapidly altering molecular structure are in high demand. Most existing methods to modify scaffolds rely on net exothermicity to drive the desired transformation. We sought to develop a general strategy for the cleavage of C-C bonds β to hydroxyl groups independent of inherent substrate strain. To this end we have applied a multicatalytic cerium photoredox-based system capable of activating O-H bonds in lactols to deliver formate esters. The same system is also capable of effecting hydrodecarboxylation and hydrodecarbonylation reactions. Initial mechanistic probes demonstrate atomic chlorine (Cl⋅) is generated under the reaction conditions, but substrate activation through cerium-alkoxides or -carboxylates cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery O Morris
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Canada, K1 N 6 N5
| | - Louis Barriault
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Canada, K1 N 6 N5
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5
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East NR, Naumann R, Förster C, Ramanan C, Diezemann G, Heinze K. Oxidative two-state photoreactivity of a manganese(IV) complex using near-infrared light. Nat Chem 2024; 16:827-834. [PMID: 38332331 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Highly reducing or oxidizing photocatalysts are a fundamental challenge in photochemistry. Only a few transition metal complexes with Earth-abundant metal ions have so far advanced to excited state oxidants. All these photocatalysts require high-energy light for excitation, and their oxidizing power has not been fully exploited due to energy dissipation before reaching the photoactive state. Here we demonstrate that the complex [Mn(dgpy)2]4+, based on Earth-abundant manganese and the tridentate 2,6-diguanidylpyridine ligand (dgpy), evolves to a luminescent doublet ligand-to-metal charge transfer (2LMCT) excited state (1,435 nm, 0.86 eV) with a lifetime of 1.6 ns after excitation with low-energy near-infrared light. This 2LMCT state oxidizes naphthalene to its radical cation. Substrates with extremely high oxidation potentials up to 2.4 V enable the [Mn(dgpy)2]4+ photoreduction via a high-energy quartet 4LMCT excited state with a lifetime of 0.78 ps, proceeding via static quenching by the solvent. This process minimizes free energy losses and harnesses the full photooxidizing power, and thus allows oxidation of nitriles and benzene using Earth-abundant elements and low-energy light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R East
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert Naumann
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Charusheela Ramanan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gregor Diezemann
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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6
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Pan XY, Sun GX, Huang FP, Qin WJ, Teng QH, Wang K. Photogenerated chlorine radicals activate C(sp3)-H bonds of alkylbenzenes to access quinazolinones. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2968-2973. [PMID: 38529682 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00129j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
An Fe-catalyzed visible-light induced condensation of alkylbenzenes with anthranilamides has been developed. Upon irradiation, the trivalent iron complex could generate chlorine radicals, which successfully abstracted the hydrogen of benzylic C-H bonds to form benzyl radicals. And these benzyl radicals were converted into oxygenated products under air conditions, which subsequently reacted with anthranilamides for the synthesis of quinazolinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yao Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Gui-Xia Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Fang-Ping Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Wen-Jian Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Qing-Hu Teng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
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7
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Fernández-García S, Chantzakou VO, Juliá-Hernández F. Direct Decarboxylation of Trifluoroacetates Enabled by Iron Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202311984. [PMID: 38088503 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Trifluoroacetates are the most abundant and accessible sources of trifluoromethyl groups, which are key components in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. The generation of trifluoromethyl reactive radicals from trifluoroacetates requires their decarboxylation, which is hampered by their high oxidation potential. This constitutes a major challenge for redox-based methods, because of the need to pair the redox potentials with trifluoroacetate. Here we report a strategy based on iron photocatalysis to promote the direct photodecarboxylation of trifluoroacetates that displays reactivity features that escape from redox limitations. Our synthetic design has enabled the use of trifluoroacetates for the trifluoromethylation of more easily oxidizable organic substrates, offering new opportunities for late-stage derivatization campaigns using chemical feedstocks, Earth-abundant catalysts, and visible-light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Veronika O Chantzakou
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Juliá-Hernández
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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8
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Lu J, Yao Y, Li L, Fu N. Dual Transition Metal Electrocatalysis: Direct Decarboxylative Alkenylation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 38029443 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Direct decarboxylative alkenylation of widely available aliphatic carboxylic acids with vinyl halides for the synthesis of alkenes with all substitution patterns has been accomplished by means of Ce/Ni dual transition metal electrocatalysis. The reactions employ alkyl acids as the limiting reagents and exhibit a broad scope with respect to both coupling partners. Notably, simple primary alkyl carboxylic acids could be readily engaged as carbon-centered radical precursors in the reaction. This new alkenylation protocol has been successfully demonstrated in direct modification of naturally occurring complex acids and is amenable to the enantioselective decarboxylative alkenylation of arylacetic acid. Mechanistic studies, including a series of controlled experiments and cyclic voltammetry data, allow us to probe the key intermediates and the pathway of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liubo Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Niankai Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Gupta A, Laha JK. Growing Utilization of Radical Chemistry in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300207. [PMID: 37565381 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Our current unhealthy lifestyle and the exponential surge in the population getting affected by a variety of diseases have made pharmaceuticals or drugs an imperative part of life, making the development of innovative strategies for drug discovery or the introduction of refined, cost-effective and modern technologies for the synthesis of clinically used drugs, a need of the hour. Ever since their discovery, free radicals and radical cations or anions as reactive intermediates have captivated the chemists, resulting in an exceptional utilization of these moieties throughout the field of chemical synthesis, owing to their unprecedented and widespread reactivity. Sticking with the idea of not judging the book by its cover, despite the conventional thought process of radicals being unstable and difficult to control entities, scientists and academicians around the globe have done an appreciable amount of work utilizing both persistent as well as transient radicals for a variety of organic transformations, exemplifying them with the synthesis of significant biologically active pharmaceutical ingredients. This review truly accounts for the organic radical transformations including radical addition, radical cascade cyclization, radical/radical cross-coupling, coupling with metal-complexes and radical cations coupling with nucleophiles, that offers fascinating and unconventional approaches towards the construction of intricate structural frameworks of marketed APIs with high atom- and step-economy; complementing the otherwise employed traditional methods. This tutorial review presents a comprehensive package of diverse methods utilized for radical generation, featuring their reactivity to form critical bonds in pharmaceutical total synthesis or in building key starting materials or intermediates of their synthetic journey, acknowledging their excellence, downsides and underlying mechanisms, which are otherwise poorly highlighted in the literature. Despite great achievements over the past few decades in this area, many challenges and obstacles are yet to be unraveled to shorten the distance between the academics and the industry, which are all discussed in summary and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
| | - Joydev K Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
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10
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Wang S, Ye Y, Shen H, Liu J, Liu Z, Jiang Z, Lei J, Zhang Y. Visible-light induced C(sp 3)-H arylation of glycine derivatives by cerium catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8364-8371. [PMID: 37815482 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01458d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
A Ce(III)-catalyzed, visible-light induced aerobic oxidative dehydrogenative coupling reaction between glycine derivatives and electron-rich arenes is disclosed. The protocol proceeds efficiently under mild conditions, providing an efficient method for the rapid synthesis of α-arylglycine derivatives without the need for an external photosensitizer and additional oxidant. Moreover, this protocol could be performed on a 5 mmol scale, without obvious reduction of the efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Yanjie Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Hailong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Jiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Zhao Liu
- First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhigen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Junqiang Lei
- First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
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11
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Ratnam S, Unone S, Janssen-Müller D. 2,2'-Biquinoline-Based Recyclable Electroauxiliaries for the Generation of Alkyl Radicals via C-C Bond Cleavage. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301685. [PMID: 37265104 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl radical precursors are essential for a wide variety of photocatalytic and 3d-metal-catalyzed C-C bond forming reactions. Neutral organic heterocycles as electroauxiliaries such as 4-alkyl Hantzsch esters have become reliable tools for alkyl radical formation. Here we show that 2,2'-biquinoline-derived alkyl-substituted dihydroquinolines act as competent radical precursors with the ability to form primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl radicals. Hydroalkylation of benzalmalononitriles and N-Boc protected diazenes has been achieved through copper catalysis under mild conditions of 50 °C with good to very good yields of up to 85 %. Furthermore, the dihydroquinolines' reactivity towards a denitrative alkylation of nitroolefins such as β-nitrostyrene was discovered. Most importantly, the released biquinoline can be recycled, which greatly improves the overall atom-economy of these alkyl radical precursors in comparison to previous N-heterocyclic electroauxiliaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahilan Ratnam
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shreya Unone
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Janssen-Müller
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Lutovsky GA, Gockel SN, Bundesmann MW, Bagley SW, Yoon TP. Iron-mediated modular decarboxylative cross-nucleophile coupling. Chem 2023; 9:1610-1621. [PMID: 37637494 PMCID: PMC10449378 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylic acids are valuable building blocks for pharmaceutical discovery because of their chemical stability, commercial availability, and structural diversity. Decarboxylative coupling reactions enable versatile functionalization of these feedstock chemicals, but many of the most general methods require prefunctionalization of carboxylic acids with redox-active moieties. These internal oxidants can be costly, their installation impedes rapid library synthesis, and their use results in environmentally problematic organic byproducts. We report herein a method for the direct decarboxylative cross-coupling of native carboxylic acids with nucleophilic coupling partners mediated by inexpensive, terrestrially abundant, and nontoxic Fe(III) salts. This method involves an initial photochemical decarboxylation followed by radical-polar crossover, which enables the construction of diverse carbon-carbon, carbon-oxygen, and carbon-nitrogen bonds with remarkable generality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A. Lutovsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Samuel N. Gockel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Boulevard, Pueblo, CO 81001, USA
| | | | - Scott W. Bagley
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Tehshik P. Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Lead contact
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13
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Wang S, Ye Y, Hu Y, Meng X, Liu Z, Liu J, Chen K, Zhang Z, Zhang Y. Visible-light-induced C sp3-H functionalization of glycine derivatives by cerium catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2628-2631. [PMID: 36762590 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc07071e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A Ce(III)-catalyzed, visible-light-induced aerobic oxidative dehydrogenative coupling/aromatization reaction between glycine derivatives and alkenes has been developed, which provides an efficient approach for the synthesis of quinoline derivatives and post-modification of oligopeptides containing glycine residues under mild conditions without the need for external photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Yanjie Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Yansong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Xu Meng
- First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Jiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Kuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
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14
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Zhao TT, Qin HN, Xu PF. Light-Promoted Nickel-Catalyzed C-O/C-N Coupling of Aryl Halides with Carboxylic Acids and Sulfonamides. Org Lett 2023; 25:636-641. [PMID: 36668813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A general strategy for the construction of dual-functional carbon-heteroatom bonds has been developed via a light-promoted nickel catalytic system. Employing a simple NiBr2 as the catalyst without any exogeneous ligands and photosensitizers, a variety of esters and sulfonamide N-arylation derivatives, including celecoxib- and glimepiride-derived sulfonamides, were readily accessed with high functional group tolerance and high efficiency. Moreover, the UV-vis absorption spectrum and free radical trapping experiments aimed at revealing the mechanism of the reaction are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Ni Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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15
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Abstract
The emergence of modern photocatalysis, characterized by mildness and selectivity, has significantly spurred innovative late-stage C-H functionalization approaches that make use of low energy photons as a controllable energy source. Compared to traditional late-stage functionalization strategies, photocatalysis paves the way toward complementary and/or previously unattainable regio- and chemoselectivities. Merging the compelling benefits of photocatalysis with the late-stage functionalization workflow offers a potentially unmatched arsenal to tackle drug development campaigns and beyond. This Review highlights the photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization strategies of small-molecule drugs, agrochemicals, and natural products, classified according to the targeted C-H bond and the newly formed one. Emphasis is devoted to identifying, describing, and comparing the main mechanistic scenarios. The Review draws a critical comparison between established ionic chemistry and photocatalyzed radical-based manifolds. The Review aims to establish the current state-of-the-art and illustrate the key unsolved challenges to be addressed in the future. The authors aim to introduce the general readership to the main approaches toward photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization, and specialist practitioners to the critical evaluation of the current methodologies, potential for improvement, and future uncharted directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210Shanghai, China
| | - Teresa Faber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
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16
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Yuan Y, Yang J, Zhang J. Cu-catalyzed enantioselective decarboxylative cyanation via the synergistic merger of photocatalysis and electrochemistry. Chem Sci 2023; 14:705-710. [PMID: 36741520 PMCID: PMC9847662 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05428k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of an efficient and straightforward method for decarboxylative coupling using common alkyl carboxylic acid is of great value. However, decarboxylative coupling with nucleophiles always needs stoichiometric chemical oxidants or substrate prefunctionalization. Herein, we report a protocol for Cu-catalyzed enantioselective decarboxylative cyanation via the merger of photocatalysis and electrochemistry. CeCl3 and Cu/BOX were used as co-catalysts to promote the decarboxylation and cyanation, and both catalysts were regenerated via anodic oxidation. This method establishes a proof of concept enantioselective transformation via photoelectrocatalysis. Studies by DFT calculations provided mechanistic insight on enantioselectivity control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
- Fudan Zhangjiang Institute Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
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17
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Yang K, Wang Y, Luo S, Fu N. Electrophotochemical Metal-Catalyzed Enantioselective Decarboxylative Cyanation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203962. [PMID: 36638008 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the rapid growth of electrophotocatalysis in recent years, enantioselective catalytic reactions powered by this unique methodology remain rare. In this work, we report an electrophotochemical metal-catalyzed protocol for direct asymmetric decarboxylative cyanation of aliphatic carboxylic acids. The synergistic merging of electrophotochemical cerium catalysis and asymmetric electrochemical copper catalysis permits mild reaction conditions for the formation and utilization of the key carbon centered radicals by combining the power of light and electrical energy. Electrophotochemical cerium catalysis enables radical decarboxylation to produce alkyl radicals, which could be effectively intercepted by asymmetric electrochemical copper catalysis for the construction of C-CN bonds in a highly stereoselective fashion. This environmentally benign method smoothly converts a diverse array of arylacetic acids into the corresponding alkyl nitriles in good yields and enantioselectivities without using chemical oxidants or pre-functionalization of the acid substrates and can be readily scaled up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yukang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Niankai Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
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18
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An Q, Xing YY, Pu R, Jia M, Chen Y, Hu A, Zhang SQ, Yu N, Du J, Zhang Y, Chen J, Liu W, Hong X, Zuo Z. Identification of Alkoxy Radicals as Hydrogen Atom Transfer Agents in Ce-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:359-376. [PMID: 36538367 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The intermediacy of alkoxy radicals in cerium-catalyzed C-H functionalization via H-atom abstraction has been unambiguously confirmed. Catalytically relevant Ce(IV)-alkoxide complexes have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction. Operando electron paramagnetic resonance and transient absorption spectroscopy experiments on isolated pentachloro Ce(IV) alkoxides identified alkoxy radicals as the sole heteroatom-centered radical species generated via ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) excitation. Alkoxy-radical-mediated hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) has been verified via kinetic analysis, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and reactions under strictly chloride-free conditions. These experimental findings unambiguously establish the critical role of alkoxy radicals in Ce-LMCT catalysis and definitively preclude the involvement of chlorine radical. This study has also reinforced the necessity of a high relative ratio of alcohol vs Ce for the selective alkoxy-radical-mediated HAT, as seemingly trivial changes in the relative ratio of alcohol vs Ce can lead to drastically different mechanistic pathways. Importantly, the previously proposed chlorine radical-alcohol complex, postulated to explain alkoxy-radical-enabled selectivities in this system, has been examined under scrutiny and ruled out by regioselectivity studies, transient absorption experiments, and high-level calculations. Moreover, the peculiar selectivity of alkoxy radical generation in the LMCT homolysis of Ce(IV) heteroleptic complexes has been analyzed and back-electron transfer (BET) may have regulated the efficiency and selectivity for the formation of ligand-centered radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing An
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang-Yang Xing
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street NO. 2, Beijing 100190, China.,Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruihua Pu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Menghui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuegang Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Anhua Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuo-Qing Zhang
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street NO. 2, Beijing 100190, China.,Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Na Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jianbo Du
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street NO. 2, Beijing 100190, China.,Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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19
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Birnthaler D, Narobe R, Lopez-Berguno E, Haag C, König B. Synthetic Application of Bismuth LMCT Photocatalysis in Radical Coupling Reactions. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Birnthaler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rok Narobe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eliseo Lopez-Berguno
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Haag
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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20
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Chen R, Yuan H, Wang Y, Chen H, Zhang Y. Aerobic Electrochemical C sp3–N Coupling between Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids and N-heterocycles. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Chen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Yuan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Xu P, Su W, Ritter T. Decarboxylative sulfoximination of benzoic acids enabled by photoinduced ligand-to-copper charge transfer. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13611-13616. [PMID: 36507153 PMCID: PMC9682917 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05442f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfoximines are synthetically important scaffolds and serve important roles in drug discovery. Currently, there is no solution to decarboxylative sulfoximination of benzoic acids; although thoroughly investigated, limited substrate scope and harsh reaction conditions still hold back traditional thermal aromatic decarboxylative functionalization. Herein, we realize the first decarboxylative sulfoximination of benzoic acids via photo-induced ligand to copper charge transfer (copper-LMCT)-enabled decarboxylative carbometalation. The transformation proceeds under mild reaction conditions, has a broad substrate scope, and can be applied to late-stage functionalization of complex small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1D-45470 Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Wanqi Su
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1D-45470 Mülheim an der RuhrGermany,Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074 AachenGermany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1D-45470 Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
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22
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Lai XL, Chen M, Wang Y, Song J, Xu HC. Photoelectrochemical Asymmetric Catalysis Enables Direct and Enantioselective Decarboxylative Cyanation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20201-20206. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
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23
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Kim C, Jeong J, Vellakkaran M, Hong S. Photocatalytic Decarboxylative Pyridylation of Carboxylic Acids Using In Situ-Generated Amidyl Radicals as Oxidants. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changha Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jinwook Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Mari Vellakkaran
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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24
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Wang Y, Li L, Fu N. Electrophotochemical Decarboxylative Azidation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liubo Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Niankai Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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25
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Juliá F. Ligand‐to‐Metal Charge Transfer (LMCT) Photochemistry at 3d‐Metal Complexes: An Emerging Tool for Sustainable Organic Synthesis. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Juliá
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia: Institut Catala d'Investigacio Quimica Chemistry Av Paisos Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona SPAIN
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26
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Dagar N, Singh S, Raha Roy S. Synergistic Effect of Cerium in Dual Photoinduced Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer and Lewis Acid Catalysis: Diastereoselective Alkylation of Coumarins. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8970-8982. [PMID: 35759362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the dual role of cerium to promote the photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) process for the generation of the alkyl radical and subsequent Lewis acid catalysis to construct stereodefined C-C bonds. This paradigm utilized ubiquitous carboxylic acids as alkyl radical surrogates and offers excellent diastereoselectivity for the formation of C-4 alkylated coumarins in good to excellent yield. UV-vis spectroscopy studies in combination with in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are consistent with the proposed mechanism, supporting the participation of the CeIV-carboxylate complex in photoinduced LMCT and its subsequent homolysis to generate the alkyl radial through the exclusion of CO2. Finally, the oxophilicity of cerium enables a two-point complexation with the in situ generated enolate intermediate and facilitates the diastereoselective protonation to form the desired product. Furthermore, this mild and atom-economical catalytic manifolds allow the late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Dagar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Swati Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sudipta Raha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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27
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Li HC, Li GN, Sun K, Chen XL, Jiang MX, Qu LB, Yu B. Ce(III)/Photoassisted Synthesis of Amides from Carboxylic Acids and Isocyanates. Org Lett 2022; 24:2431-2435. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Cong Li
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guan-Nan Li
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Chen
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ming-Xuan Jiang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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28
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Singh S, Dagar N, Roy SR. Photoinduced ligand to metal charge transfer enabling cerium mediated decarboxylative alkylation of quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3831-3834. [PMID: 35234798 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00840h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the cerium-mediated decarboxylative alkylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones utilizing feedstock carboxylic acids as a radical precursor via photoinduced-LMCT. This operationally simple protocol overcomes the limitation of the direct use of carboxylic acids to access alkyl radicals. Spectroscopic investigations reveal the photoinduced LMCT and CO2 evolving events. We have utilized a broad range of alkyl carboxylic acids (1° to 3° acids), amino acids and pharmaceutically-important acids as a coupling partner to synthesise the desired alkylated heterocyclic product in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Neha Dagar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Sudipta Raha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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29
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Wu S, Kaur J, Karl TA, Tian X, Barham JP. Synthetic Molecular Photoelectrochemistry: New Frontiers in Synthetic Applications, Mechanistic Insights and Scalability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202107811. [PMID: 34478188 PMCID: PMC9303540 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic photoelectrochemistry (PEC) is receiving increasing attention as a new frontier for the generation and handling of reactive intermediates. PEC permits selective single-electron transfer (SET) reactions in a much greener way and broadens the redox window of possible transformations. Herein, the most recent contributions are reviewed, demonstrating exciting new opportunities, namely, the combination of PEC with other reactivity paradigms (hydrogen-atom transfer, radical polar crossover, energy transfer sensitization), scalability up to multigram scale, novel selectivities in SET super-oxidations/reductions and the importance of precomplexation to temporally enable excited radical ion catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangze Wu
- Universität RegensburgFakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Universität RegensburgFakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Tobias A. Karl
- Universität RegensburgFakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Xianhai Tian
- Universität RegensburgFakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie93040RegensburgGermany
| | - Joshua P. Barham
- Universität RegensburgFakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie93040RegensburgGermany
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30
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Lu D, Li Y, Wang P, Wang Z, Yang D, Gong Y. Cu-Catalyzed C (sp3)–N Coupling and Alkene Carboamination Enabled by Ligand-Promoted Selective Hydrazine Transfer to Alkyl Radicals. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dengfu Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yadong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zijie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Daoyi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yuefa Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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31
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Wu S, Kaur J, Karl TA, Tian X, Barham JP. Synthetische molekulare Photoelektrochemie: neue synthetische Anwendungen, mechanistische Einblicke und Möglichkeiten zur Skalierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shangze Wu
- Universität Regensburg Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Universität Regensburg Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Tobias A. Karl
- Universität Regensburg Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Xianhai Tian
- Universität Regensburg Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Joshua P. Barham
- Universität Regensburg Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
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32
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Liu F, Zhuang Z, Qian Q, Zhang X, Yang C. Ru-Catalyzed Defluorinative Alkylation or Catalyst-Free Hydroalkylation of gem-Difluoroalkenes Enabled by Visible Light. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2730-2739. [PMID: 35133834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A catalyst-induced defluorinative, alkylation or metal-free hydroalkylation of gem-difluoroalkenes enabled by visible light was developed. This protocol provided a mild and practical approach to important and novel monofluoroalkenes and difluoromethylene-containing compounds with moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shang Da Road, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qun Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shang Da Road, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Chunhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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33
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Zhang L, He J, Zhang P, Zheng K, Shen C. Visible-light-induced decarboxylative alkylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with phenyliodine(III) dicarboxylates by cerium photocatalysis. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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34
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Abstract
The quest to find milder and more sustainable methods to generate highly reactive, carbon-centred intermediates has led to a resurgence of interest in radical chemistry. In particular, carboxylic acids are seen as attractive radical precursors due their availability, low cost, diversity, and sustainability. Moreover, the corresponding nucleophilic carbon-radical can be easily accessed through a favourable radical decarboxylation process, extruding CO2 as a traceless by-product. This review summarizes the recent progress on using carboxylic acids directly as convenient radical precursors for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds via the 1,4-radical conjugate addition (Giese) reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Kitcatt
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Simon Nicolle
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Rd, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Ai-Lan Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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35
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Prieto A, Jaroschik F. Recent Applications of Rare Earth Complexes in Photoredox Catalysis for Organic
Synthesis. CURR ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825666211126123928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
In recent years, photoredox catalysis has appeared as a new paradigm for forging a
wide range of chemical bonds under mild conditions using abundant reagents. This approach
allows many organic transformations through the generation of various radical species, enabling
the valorization of non-traditional partners. A continuing interest has been devoted to
the discovery of novel radical-generating procedures. Over the last ten years, strategies using
rare-earth complexes as either redox-active centers or as redox-neutral Lewis acids have
emerged. This review provides an overview of the recent accomplishments made in this field.
It especially aims to demonstrate the utility of rare-earth complexes for ensuring photocatalytic
transformations and to inspire future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Prieto
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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36
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Li R, Yang CX, Niu BH, Li LJ, Ma J, Li ZL, Jiang H, Cheng WM. Visible light-induced Ni-catalyzed C–heteroatom cross-coupling of aryl halides via LMCT with DBU to access a Ni(I)/Ni(III) cycle. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00607c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cross-coupling of aryl halides with nucleophiles is a synthetically attractive strategy to construct C–heteroatom bonds. Here we report a highly efficient photoinduced Ni-catalyzed method for the C–heteroatom cross-coupling of aryl...
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37
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Lian P, Li R, Wang L, Wan X, Xiang Z, Wan X. Photoredox aerobic oxidation of unreactive amine derivatives through LMCT excitation of copper dichloride. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01032a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Taking advantage of the chlorine radical as a HAT catalyst, a versatile oxidation system for unreactive amines has been well established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Lian
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ruyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zixin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaobing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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38
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Knapp JG, Ray D, Calio PB, Wasson MC, Scott TR, Gagliardi L, Farha OK. Electron transitions in a Ce(III)-catecholate metal-organic framework. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:525-528. [PMID: 34908041 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06440a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A rare three-dimensional catecholate-based Ce(III) metal-organic framework (MOF), denoted as NU-1701, has been synthesized and crystallographically characterized. Density functional theory calculations highlight various possible electronic transitions that may present in NU-1701. These transitions are competitive and indicate increased lanthanide character of Ce(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia G Knapp
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Debmalya Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Paul B Calio
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck Institute, and Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, the University of Chicago, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Megan C Wasson
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Thais R Scott
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck Institute, and Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, the University of Chicago, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck Institute, and Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, the University of Chicago, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston IL, 60208, USA.
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39
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Abderrazak Y, Bhattacharyya A, Reiser O. Durch sichtbares Licht induzierte Homolyse unedler, gut verfügbarer Metallsubstratkomplexe: Eine komplementäre Aktivierungsstrategie in der Photoredoxkatalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Abderrazak
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Aditya Bhattacharyya
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
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40
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Abderrazak Y, Bhattacharyya A, Reiser O. Visible-Light-Induced Homolysis of Earth-Abundant Metal-Substrate Complexes: A Complementary Activation Strategy in Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21100-21115. [PMID: 33599363 PMCID: PMC8519011 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The mainstream applications of visible-light photoredox catalysis predominately involve outer-sphere single-electron transfer (SET) or energy transfer (EnT) processes of precious metal RuII or IrIII complexes or of organic dyes with low photostability. Earth-abundant metal-based Mn Ln -type (M=metal, Ln =polydentate ligands) complexes are rapidly evolving as alternative photocatalysts as they offer not only economic and ecological advantages but also access to the complementary inner-sphere mechanistic modes, thereby transcending their inherent limitations of ultrashort excited-state lifetimes for use as effective photocatalysts. The generic process, termed visible-light-induced homolysis (VLIH), entails the formation of suitable light-absorbing ligated metal-substrate complexes (Mn Ln -Z; Z=substrate) that can undergo homolytic cleavage to generate Mn-1 Ln and Z. for further transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Abderrazak
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Aditya Bhattacharyya
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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41
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Photocatalytic divergent decarboxylative amination: a metal-free access to aliphatic amines and hydrazines. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Yedase GS, Kumar S, Stahl J, König B, Yatham VR. Cerium-photocatalyzed aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohols to aldehydes and ketones. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1727-1732. [PMID: 34367351 PMCID: PMC8313980 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a cerium-photocatalyzed aerobic oxidation of primary and secondary benzylic alcohols to aldehydes and ketones using inexpensive CeCl3·7H2O as photocatalyst and air oxygen as the terminal oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Suresh Yedase
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) 695551, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) 695551, India
| | - Jessica Stahl
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Veera Reddy Yatham
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM) 695551, India
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43
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Tripathy AR, Yedase GS, Yatham VR. Cerium photocatalyzed radical smiles rearrangement of 2-aryloxybenzoic acids. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25207-25210. [PMID: 35478894 PMCID: PMC9037003 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04130d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We report herein a cerium photocatalyzed aryl migration from an aryl ether to a carboxylic acid group through radical-Smiles rearrangement. This operationally simple protocol utilizes inexpensive CeCl3 as a photocatalyst and converted a variety of 2-aryloxybenzoic acids into aryl-2-hydroxybenzoates in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Rani Tripathy
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram 695551 India
| | - Girish Suresh Yedase
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram 695551 India
| | - Veera Reddy Yatham
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram 695551 India
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44
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Tsurugi H, Mashima K. Renaissance of Homogeneous Cerium Catalysts with Unique Ce(IV/III) Couple: Redox-Mediated Organic Transformations Involving Homolysis of Ce(IV)-Ligand Covalent Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7879-7890. [PMID: 33904711 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the catalytic application of cerium complexes were achieved through controlling the Ce(IV/III) redox couple. Although Ce(IV) complexes have been extensively investigated as stoichiometric oxidants in organic synthesis on the basis of their highly positive redox potentials, these complexes can be used as catalysts, not only by introducing supporting ligands around the coordination sphere of cerium, but also by taking advantage of the photoresponsive properties of Ce(IV) and Ce(III) species. Cerium is highly abundant, comparable to that of some first-row transition metals such as copper, nickel, and zinc. Cerium complexes are new and promising homogeneous catalyst candidates for a variety of organic transformations under mild reaction conditions. They are typically used to activate dioxygen to oxidize organic compounds and applied for organic radical generation using the photoresponsive character of Ce(IV) carboxylates and alkoxides as well as electronic transition of Ce(III), in which homolysis of Ce(IV)-ligand covalent bonds is an important step for the overall catalytic cycle. In this Perspective, we first review the early discovery of Ce(OAc)4-mediated oxidative transformations to emphasize the importance of Ce(IV)-OAc bond homolysis in various C-C bond-forming reactions and its relation to recent developments. We then focus on the fundamental importance of Ce(IV) reactivity involving thermal and photoassisted homolysis of the Ce(IV)-ligand covalent bond and the developments regarding Ce(IV/III) redox changes in catalytic reactions together with our recent findings on cerium-based catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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45
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Zeng Z, Feceu A, Sivendran N, Gooßen LJ. Decarboxylation‐Initiated Intermolecular Carbon‐Heteroatom Bond Formation. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Zeng
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Abigail Feceu
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Nardana Sivendran
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Lukas J. Gooßen
- Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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46
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Sun X, Ritter T. Decarboxylative Polyfluoroarylation of Alkylcarboxylic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10557-10562. [PMID: 33481305 PMCID: PMC8252513 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyfluoroarenes are useful building blocks in several areas such as drug discovery, materials, and crop protection. Herein, we report the first polyfluoroarylation of aliphatic carboxylic acids via photoredox decarboxylation. The method proceeds with broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance. Moreover, small complex molecules such as natural products and drugs can be modified by late-stage modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
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47
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Xu P, López-Rojas P, Ritter T. Radical Decarboxylative Carbometalation of Benzoic Acids: A Solution to Aromatic Decarboxylative Fluorination. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5349-5354. [PMID: 33818084 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Abundant aromatic carboxylic acids exist in great structural diversity from nature and synthesis. To date, the synthetically valuable decarboxylative functionalization of benzoic acids is realized mainly by transition-metal-catalyzed decarboxylative cross couplings. However, the high activation barrier for thermal decarboxylative carbometalation that often requires 140 °C reaction temperature limits both the substrate scope as well as the scope of suitable reactions that can sustain such conditions. Numerous reactions, for example, decarboxylative fluorination that is well developed for aliphatic carboxylic acids, are out of reach for the aromatic counterparts with current reaction chemistry. Here, we report a conceptually different approach through a low-barrier photoinduced ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT)-enabled radical decarboxylative carbometalation strategy, which generates a putative high-valent arylcopper(III) complex, from which versatile facile reductive eliminations can occur. We demonstrate the suitability of our new approach to address previously unrealized general decarboxylative fluorination of benzoic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Priscila López-Rojas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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48
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Sun X, Ritter T. Decarboxylative Polyfluoroarylation of Alkylcarboxylic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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49
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Chen Y, Wang X, He X, An Q, Zuo Z. Photocatalytic Dehydroxymethylative Arylation by Synergistic Cerium and Nickel Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4896-4902. [PMID: 33756079 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Under mild reaction conditions with inexpensive cerium and nickel catalysts, easily accessible free alcohols can now be utilized as operationally simple and robust carbon pronucleophiles in selective C(sp3)-C(sp2) cross-couplings. Facilitated by automated high-throughput experimentation, sterically encumbered benzoate ligands have been identified for robust cerium complexes, enabling the synergistic cooperation of cerium catalysis in the emerging metallaphotoredox catalysis. A broad range of free alcohols and aromatic halides can be facilely employed in this transformation, representing a new paradigm for the C(sp3)-C(sp2) bond construction between free alcohols and aryl halides with the extrusion of formaldehyde. Moreover, mechanistic investigations have been conducted, leading to the identification of a tribenzoate cerium(III) complex as a viable intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuegang Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xu He
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qing An
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhiwei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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50
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A kinetic study of the photooxidation of water by aqueous cerium(IV) in sulfuric acid using a diode array spectrophotometer. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.113110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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