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Puigcerver J, Alajarin M, Martinez-Cuezva A, Berna J. Modulating the shuttling motion of [2]rotaxanes built of p-xylylenediamine units through permethylation at the benzylic positions of the ring. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9070-9075. [PMID: 37938860 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01611k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we show the effect of the gem-dimethyl substitution at the four benzylic carbons of the ring on the internal dynamics of two-station [2]rotaxanes. Such structural modification of the polyamide macrocycles promotes a drastic change of the internal dynamics as shown by variable-temperature (VT) 1H NMR experiments. We determined that the shuttling rates of the octamethylated macrocycle along a series of symmetrical threads were significantly faster compared to the non-substituted ring. This effect was particularly pronounced in the fumaramide-based system, in which the rate was 27 times faster than that of the model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Puigcerver
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
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2
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Lopez-Leonardo C, Saura-Sanmartin A, Marin-Luna M, Alajarin M, Martinez-Cuezva A, Berna J. Ring-to-Thread Chirality Transfer in [2]Rotaxanes for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched Lactams. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209904. [PMID: 35916122 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of chiral mechanically interlocked molecules has attracted a lot of attention in the last few years, with applications in different fields, such as asymmetric catalysis or sensing. Herein we describe the synthesis of orientational mechanostereoisomers, which include a benzylic amide macrocycle with a stereogenic center, and nonsymmetric N-(arylmethyl)fumaramides as the axis. The base-promoted cyclization of the initial fumaramide thread allows enantioenriched value-added compounds, such as lactams of different ring sizes and amino acids, to be obtained. The chiral information is effectively transmitted across the mechanical bond from the encircling ring to the interlocked lactam. High levels of enantioselectivity and full control of the regioselectivity of the final cyclic compounds are attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lopez-Leonardo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Marin-Luna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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3
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Lopez-Leonardo C, Saura-Sanmartin A, Marin-Luna M, Alajarin M, Martinez-Cuezva A, Berna J. Ring‐to‐Thread Chirality Transfer in [2]Rotaxanes for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched Lactams. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Marin-Luna
- Universidad de Murcia Química Orgánica Campus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia SPAIN
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Universidad de Murcia Química Orgánica Campus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia SPAIN
| | | | - Jose Berna
- Universidad de Murcia Quimica Organica Campus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia SPAIN
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4
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Saura‐Sanmartin A, Martinez‐Cuezva A, Marin‐Luna M, Bautista D, Berna J. Effective Encapsulation of C
60
by Metal–Organic Frameworks with Polyamide Macrocyclic Linkers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura‐Sanmartin
- Departamento de Quimica Organica Facultad de Quimica Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum” Universidad de Murcia 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Alberto Martinez‐Cuezva
- Departamento de Quimica Organica Facultad de Quimica Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum” Universidad de Murcia 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Marta Marin‐Luna
- Departamento de Quimica Organica Facultad de Quimica Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum” Universidad de Murcia 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Delia Bautista
- Seccion Universitaria de Instrumentacion Científica (SUIC) Area Cientifica y Tecnica de Investigacion (ACTI) Universidad de Murcia 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Quimica Organica Facultad de Quimica Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum” Universidad de Murcia 30100 Murcia Spain
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5
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Saura-Sanmartin A, Martinez-Cuezva A, Marin-Luna M, Bautista D, Berna J. Effective Encapsulation of C 60 by Metal-Organic Frameworks with Polyamide Macrocyclic Linkers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10814-10819. [PMID: 33617658 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A flexible benzylic amide macrocycle, functionalized with two carboxylic acid groups, was employed as the organic ligand for the preparation of robust copper(II)- and zinc(II)-based metal-organic frameworks. These polymers crystallized in the C2/m space group of the monoclinic crystal system, creating non-interpenetrated channels in one direction with an extraordinary solvent-accessible volume of 46 %. Unlike metal-organic rotaxane frameworks having benzylic amide macrocycles as linkers, the absence of the thread in these novel reticular materials causes a decrease of dimensionality and an improvement of pore size and dynamic guest adaptability. We studied the incorporation of fullerene C60 inside the adjustable pocket generated between two macrocycles connected to the same dinuclear clusters, occupying a remarkable 98 % of the cavities inside the network. The use of these materials as hosts for the selective recognition of different fullerenes was evaluated, mainly encapsulating the smaller size fullerene derivative in several mixtures of C60 and C70 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Marin-Luna
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Delia Bautista
- Seccion Universitaria de Instrumentacion Científica (SUIC), Area Cientifica y Tecnica de Investigacion (ACTI), Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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6
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Martinez-Cuezva A, Pastor A, Marin-Luna M, Diaz-Marin C, Bautista D, Alajarin M, Berna J. Cyclization of interlocked fumaramides into β-lactams: experimental and computational mechanistic assessment of the key intercomponent proton transfer and the stereocontrolling active pocket. Chem Sci 2020; 12:747-756. [PMID: 34163808 PMCID: PMC8178992 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05757f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A detailed mechanistic study of the diastereoselective CsOH-promoted cyclization of interlocked fumaramides to give β-lactams is described. The mechanistic analysis comprises the experimental evaluation of the structure-reactivity relationship for a wide range of fumaramides [2]rotaxanes (Hammet-plots), KIE studies with deuterium-labelled interlocked fumaramides and computational analysis of two alternative mechanistic pathways for the cyclization process. The obtained results confirm that: (a) the rate-determining step is the deprotonation of the N-benzyl group of the thread by the amidate group of the macrocycle generated by the external base, (b) the polyamide macrocycle plays an important role not only as activating element but also as the stereodifferenciating factor responsible for the observed diastereoselection and (c) the higher flexibility of the adamantyl core speeds up the cyclization process in diadamantyl-derived rotaxanes. A mechanistic study of the diastereoselective cyclization of interlocked fumaramides to give β-lactams unveils the key factors for successfully taming the process.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Aurelia Pastor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Marta Marin-Luna
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Carmen Diaz-Marin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" 30100 Murcia Spain
| | | | - Mateo Alajarin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Jose Berna
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum" 30100 Murcia Spain
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7
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Saura-Sanmartin A, Martinez-Cuezva A, Bautista D, Marzari MRB, Martins MAP, Alajarin M, Berna J. Copper-Linked Rotaxanes for the Building of Photoresponsive Metal Organic Frameworks with Controlled Cargo Delivery. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13442-13449. [PMID: 32646211 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared a photoresponsive metal-organic framework by using an amide-based [2]rotaxane as linker and copper(II) ions as metal nodes. The interlocked linker was obtained by the hydrogen bond-directed approach employing a fumaramide thread as template of the macrocyclic component, this latter incorporating two carboxyl groups. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the metal-organic framework, prepared under solvothermal conditions, showed the formation of stacked 2D rhombohedral grids forming channels decorated with the interlocked alkenyl threads. A series of metal-organic frameworks differing in the E/Z olefin ratio were prepared either by the previous isomerization of the linker or by postirradiation of the reticulated materials. By dynamic solid state 2H NMR measurements, using deuterium-labeled materials, we proved that the geometry of the olefinic axis of the interlocked struts determined the obtention of materials with different independent local dynamics as a result of the strength of the intercomponent noncovalent interactions. Moreover, the usefulness of these novel copper-rotaxane materials as molecular dosing containers has also been assayed by the diffusion and photorelease of p-benzoquinone, evaluated in different solvents and temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia E-30100, Spain
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia E-30100, Spain
| | - Delia Bautista
- Seccion Universitaria de Instrumentacion Cientifica (SUIC), Area Científica y Tecnica de Investigacion (ACTI), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia E-30100, Spain
| | - Mara R B Marzari
- Nucleo de Quimica de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Quimica, Universidad Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria-RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos A P Martins
- Nucleo de Quimica de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Quimica, Universidad Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria-RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia E-30100, Spain
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia E-30100, Spain
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