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Yanagi K, Komatsu T, Fujikawa Y, Kojima H, Okabe T, Nagano T, Ueno T, Hanaoka K, Urano Y. Development of pathway-oriented screening to identify compounds to control 2-methylglyoxal metabolism in tumor cells. Commun Chem 2023; 6:68. [PMID: 37055561 PMCID: PMC10102174 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling tumor-specific alterations in metabolic pathways is a useful strategy for treating tumors. The glyoxalase pathway, which metabolizes the toxic electrophile 2-methylglyoxal (MG), is thought to contribute to tumor pathology. We developed a live cell-based high-throughput screening system that monitors the metabolism of MG to generate D-lactate by glyoxalase I and II (GLO1 and GLO2). It utilizes an extracellular coupled assay that uses D-lactate to generate NAD(P)H, which is detected by a selective fluorogenic probe designed to respond exclusively to extracellular NAD(P)H. This metabolic pathway-oriented screening is able to identify compounds that control MG metabolism in live cells, and we have discovered compounds that can directly or indirectly inhibit glyoxalase activities in small cell lung carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Yanagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toru Komatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Yuuta Fujikawa
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hirotatsu Kojima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Okabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nagano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Chugai Foundation for Innovative Drug Discover Science, 4-11-5 Nihonbashi Honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0023, Japan
| | - Tasuku Ueno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Hanaoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shiba-koen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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Cell Dome as an Evaluation Platform for Organized HepG2 Cells. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010069. [PMID: 36611862 PMCID: PMC9818560 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-hepatoblastoma-derived cell line, HepG2, has been widely used in liver and liver cancer studies. HepG2 spheroids produced in a three-dimensional (3D) culture system provide a better biological model than cells cultured in a two-dimensional (2D) culture system. Since cells at the center of spheroids exhibit specific behaviors attributed to hypoxic conditions, a 3D cell culture system that allows the observation of such cells using conventional optical or fluorescence microscopes would be useful. In this study, HepG2 cells were cultured in "Cell Dome", a micro-dome in which cells are enclosed in a cavity consisting of a hemispherical hydrogel shell. HepG2 cells formed hemispherical cell aggregates which filled the cavity of Cell Domes on 18 days of culture and the cells could continue to be cultured for 29 days. The cells at the center of hemispherical cell aggregates were observed using a fluorescence microscope. The cells grew in Cell Domes for 18 days exhibited higher Pi-class Glutathione S-Transferase enzymatic activity, hypoxia inducible factor-1α gene expression, and higher tolerance to mitomycin C than those cultured in 2D on tissue culture dishes (* p < 0.05). These results indicate that the center of the glass adhesive surface of hemispherical cell aggregates which is expected to have the similar environment as the center of the spheroids can be directly observed through glass plates. In conclusion, Cell Dome would be useful as an evaluation platform for organized HepG2 cells.
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Fujikawa Y, Mori M, Tsukada M, Miyahara S, Sato-Fukushima H, Watanabe E, Murakami-Tonami Y, Inoue H. Pi-class Glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1)-selective fluorescent probes for multicolour imaging with various cancer-associated enzymes. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200443. [PMID: 36062403 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pi-class glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1) is highly expressed in a wide variety of human cancer tissues compared to the corresponding normal counterpart. Therefore, GSTP1 is a potential target enzyme for overcoming resistance to chemotherapeutic agents or visualizing specific lesions such as cancer. Here, we present orange and red fluorescence-emitting probes selective for GSTP1. Carbofluorescein and TokyoMagenta fluorophores were modified with a previously described GSTP1-selective chromogenic compound to generate orange and red fluorescence probes, respectively. Of these probes, Ps-CF , the orange fluorescence-emitting probe, was confirmed to be highly specific for detecting GSTP1 exogenously or endogenously expressed in various cancer cells. Additionally, it was demonstrated that Ps-CF is applicable for the simultaneous detection of GSTP1 and another cancer-associated enzymes by using a green fluorescence emitting γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) probe. In conclusion, the fluorescent probes developed in this study enable the simultaneous detection of multiple tumour markers such as GSTP1 with other cancer-associated enzymes by the concurrent use of spectrally distinguished fluorescent probes, potentially broadening the scope of cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuta Fujikawa
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, 192-0392, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Masaya Mori
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science: Tokyo Yakka Daigaku, School of Life Sciences, JAPAN
| | - Minami Tsukada
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science: Tokyo Yakka Daigaku, School of Life Sciences, JAPAN
| | - Seiya Miyahara
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science: Tokyo Yakka Daigaku, School of Life Sciences, JAPAN
| | - Honoka Sato-Fukushima
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science: Tokyo Yakka Daigaku, School of Life Sciences, JAPAN
| | - Eita Watanabe
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science: Tokyo Yakka Daigaku, School of Life Sciences, JAPAN
| | - Yuko Murakami-Tonami
- Tokyo University of Technology: Tokyo Koka Daigaku, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, JAPAN
| | - Hideshi Inoue
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science: Tokyo Yakka Daigaku, School of Life Sciences, JAPAN
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Watanabe K, Fujikawa Y, Murakami-Tonami Y, Mori M, Sakata M, Inoue H. Design and synthesis of versatile GSTP1-specific fluorogenic substrates for the highly sensitive detection of GSTP1 activity in living cells. Talanta 2022; 251:123796. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Optical substrates for drug-metabolizing enzymes: Recent advances and future perspectives. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1068-1099. [PMID: 35530147 PMCID: PMC9069481 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), a diverse group of enzymes responsible for the metabolic elimination of drugs and other xenobiotics, have been recognized as the critical determinants to drug safety and efficacy. Deciphering and understanding the key roles of individual DMEs in drug metabolism and toxicity, as well as characterizing the interactions of central DMEs with xenobiotics require reliable, practical and highly specific tools for sensing the activities of these enzymes in biological systems. In the last few decades, the scientists have developed a variety of optical substrates for sensing human DMEs, parts of them have been successfully used for studying target enzyme(s) in tissue preparations and living systems. Herein, molecular design principals and recent advances in the development and applications of optical substrates for human DMEs have been reviewed systematically. Furthermore, the challenges and future perspectives in this field are also highlighted. The presented information offers a group of practical approaches and imaging tools for sensing DMEs activities in complex biological systems, which strongly facilitates high-throughput screening the modulators of target DMEs and studies on drug/herb‒drug interactions, as well as promotes the fundamental researches for exploring the relevance of DMEs to human diseases and drug treatment outcomes.
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Fan Y, Si H, Zhang Z, Zhong L, Sun H, Zhu C, Yin Z, Li H, Tang G, Yao SQ, Sun P, Zhang ZM, Ding K, Li Z. Novel Electrophilic Warhead Targeting a Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Driver in Live Cells Revealed by "Inverse Drug Discovery". J Med Chem 2021; 64:15582-15592. [PMID: 34623802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The "inverse drug discovery" strategy is a potent means of exploring the cellular targets of latent electrophiles not typically used in medicinal chemistry. Cyclopropenone, a powerful electrophile, is generally used in bio-orthogonal reactions mediated by triarylphosphine or in photo-triggered cycloaddition reactions. Here, we have studied, for the first time, the proteome reactivity of cyclopropenones in live cells and discovered that the cyclopropenone warhead can specifically and efficiently modify a triple-negative breast cancer driver, glutathione S-transferase pi-1 (GSTP1), by covalently binding at the catalytic active site. Further structure optimization and signaling pathway validation have led to the discovery of potent inhibitors of GSTP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlong Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hongfei Si
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chengjun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhibin Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huilin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guanghui Tang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Pinghua Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhi-Min Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ke Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhengqiu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
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