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Werner M, Brinkhofer J, Hammermüller L, Heim T, Pham TL, Huber J, Klein C, Thomas F. Peptide Boronic Acids by Late-Stage Hydroboration on the Solid Phase. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400640. [PMID: 38810019 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Organoboron compounds have a wide range of applications in numerous research fields, and metmhods to incorporate them in biomolecules are much sought after. Here, on-resin chemical syntheses of aliphatic and vinylogous peptide boronic acids are presented by transition metal-catalyzed late-stage hydroboration of alkene and alkyne groups in peptides and peptoids, for example on allyl- and propargylglycine residues, using readily available chemicals. These methods yield peptide boronic acids with much shorter linkers than previously reported on-resin methods. Furthermore, the methods are regio- and stereoselective, compatible with all canonical amino acid residues and can be applied to short, long, and in part even "difficult" peptide sequences. In a feasibility study, the protected peptide vinylboronic acids are further derivatized by the Petasis reaction using salicylaldehyde derivatives. The ability of the obtained peptide boronic acids to reversibly bind to carbohydrates is demonstrated in a catch-release model experiment using a fluorescently labeled peptide boronic acid on cross-linked dextran beads. In summary, this highlights the potential of the target compounds for drug discovery, glycan-specific target recognition, controlled release, and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Werner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Brinkhofer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leon Hammermüller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Heim
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Truc Lam Pham
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Huber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Klein
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Thomas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Li B, Parker J, Tong J, Kodadek T. Synthesis of Membrane-Permeable Macrocyclic Peptides via Imidazopyridinium Grafting. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14633-14644. [PMID: 38752889 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Macrocyclic peptides (MPs) are a class of compounds that have been shown to be particularly well suited for engaging difficult protein targets. However, their utility is limited by their generally poor cell permeability and bioavailability. Here, we report an efficient solid-phase synthesis of novel MPs by trapping a reversible intramolecular imine linkage with a 2-formyl- or 2-keto-pyridine to create an imidazopyridinium (IP+)-linked ring. This chemistry is useful for the creation of macrocycles of different sizes and geometries, including head-to-side and side-to-side chain configurations. Many of the IP+-linked MPs exhibit far better passive membrane permeability than expected for "beyond Rule of 5" molecules, in some cases exceeding that of much lower molecular weight, traditional drug molecules. We demonstrate that this chemistry is suitable for the creation of libraries of IP+-linked MPs and show that these libraries can be mined for protein ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Joshua Parker
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Joel Tong
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Thomas Kodadek
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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3
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Hayashi J, Kobayashi D, Namikawa C, Denda M, Otaka A. Synthesis of N-Glyoxylyl Peptides Enabled by a Lossen Rearrangement-Induced Intramolecular Redox Reaction of N-Terminal Glycyl Hydroxamic Acid. Org Lett 2024; 26:4246-4250. [PMID: 38738629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
An oxidant-free approach to the synthesis of N-glyoxylyl peptides has been developed that utilizes the Lossen rearrangement of the N-terminal glycyl hydroxamic acid residue. The synthesis proceeds via an intramolecular redox mechanism to yield the glyoxylyl peptides, which are then subjected to various peptide cyclization procedures. The reaction scheme is suitable for oxidation-sensitive moieties including amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Hayashi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Daishiro Kobayashi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Chizuru Namikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Masaya Denda
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Otaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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4
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Krajcovicova S, Spring DR. Tryptophan in Multicomponent Petasis Reactions for Peptide Stapling and Late-Stage Functionalisation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307782. [PMID: 37389988 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Peptide stapling is a robust strategy for generating enzymatically stable, macrocyclic peptides. The incorporation of biologically relevant tags (such as cell-penetrating motifs or fluorescent dyes) into peptides, while preserving their binding interactions and enhancing their stability, is highly sought after. Despite the unique opportunities offered by tryptophan's indole scaffold for targeted functionalisation, its utilisation in peptide stapling has been limited as compared to other amino acids. Herein, we present an approach for peptide stapling using the tryptophan-mediated Petasis reaction. This method enables the synthesis of both stapled and labelled peptides and is applicable to both solution and solid-phase synthesis. Importantly, the use of the Petasis reaction in combination with tryptophan facilitates the formation of stapled peptides in a straightforward, multicomponent fashion, while circumventing the formation of undesired by-products. Furthermore, this approach allows for efficient and diverse late-stage peptide modifications, thereby enabling rapid production of numerous conjugates for biological and medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Krajcovicova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Tr. 17. Listopadu 12, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David R Spring
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, UK
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5
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Recent Advances in Macrocyclic Drugs and Microwave-Assisted and/or Solid-Supported Synthesis of Macrocycles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031012. [PMID: 35164274 PMCID: PMC8839925 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrocycles represent attractive candidates in organic synthesis and drug discovery. Since 2014, nineteen macrocyclic drugs, including three radiopharmaceuticals, have been approved by FDA for the treatment of bacterial and viral infections, cancer, obesity, immunosuppression, etc. As such, new synthetic methodologies and high throughput chemistry (e.g., microwave-assisted and/or solid-phase synthesis) to access various macrocycle entities have attracted great interest in this chemical space. This article serves as an update on our previous review related to macrocyclic drugs and new synthetic strategies toward macrocycles (Molecules, 2013, 18, 6230). In this work, I first reviewed recent FDA-approved macrocyclic drugs since 2014, followed by new advances in macrocycle synthesis using high throughput chemistry, including microwave-assisted and/or solid-supported macrocyclization strategies. Examples and highlights of macrocyclization include macrolactonization and macrolactamization, transition-metal catalyzed olefin ring-closure metathesis, intramolecular C–C and C–heteroatom cross-coupling, copper- or ruthenium-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition, intramolecular SNAr or SN2 nucleophilic substitution, condensation reaction, and multi-component reaction-mediated macrocyclization, and covering the literature since 2010.
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6
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Wu Y, Chau H, Thor W, Chan KHY, Ma X, Chan W, Long NJ, Wong K. Solid-Phase Peptide Macrocyclization and Multifunctionalization via Dipyrrin Construction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20301-20307. [PMID: 34272794 PMCID: PMC8457249 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a new and highly efficient synthetic protocol towards multifunctional fluorescent cyclopeptides by solid-phase peptide macrocyclization via dipyrrin construction, with full scope of proteinogenic amino acids and different ring sizes. Various bicyclic peptides can be created by dipyrrin-based crosslinking and double dipyrrin-ring formation. The embedded dipyrrin can be either transformed to fluorescent BODIPY and then utilized as cancer-selective targeted protein imaging probe in vitro, or directly employed as a selective metal sensor in aqueous media. This work provides a valuable addition to the peptide macrocyclization toolbox, and a blueprint for the development of multifunctional dipyrrin linkers in cyclopeptides for a wide range of potential bioapplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SARChina
| | - Ho‐Fai Chau
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SARChina
| | - Waygen Thor
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SARChina
| | - Kaitlin Hao Yi Chan
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SARChina
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical TechnologyHong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SARChina
| | - Xia Ma
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SARChina
| | - Wai‐Lun Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical TechnologyHong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong SARChina
| | - Nicholas J. Long
- Department of ChemistryImperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research HubLondonUK
| | - Ka‐Leung Wong
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongKowloonHong Kong SARChina
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7
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Wu Y, Chau H, Thor W, Chan KHY, Ma X, Chan W, Long NJ, Wong K. Solid‐Phase Peptide Macrocyclization and Multifunctionalization via Dipyrrin Construction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Ho‐Fai Chau
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Waygen Thor
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Kaitlin Hao Yi Chan
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Xia Ma
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wai‐Lun Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Nicholas J. Long
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub London UK
| | - Ka‐Leung Wong
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
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8
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Ricardo MG, Vázquéz-Mena Y, Iglesias-Morales Y, Wessjohann LA, Rivera DG. On the scope of the double Ugi multicomponent stapling to produce helical peptides. Bioorg Chem 2021; 113:104987. [PMID: 34022444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The stabilization of helical structures by peptide stapling approaches is now a mature technology capable to provide a variety of biomedical applications. Recently, it was shown that multicomponent macrocyclization is not only an effective way to introduce conformational constraints but it also allows to incorporate additional functionalities to the staple moiety in a one-pot process. This work investigates the scope of the double Ugi multicomponent stapling approach in its capacity to produce helical peptides from unstructured sequences. For this, three different stapling combinations were implemented and the CD spectra of the cyclic peptides were measured to determine the effect of the multicomponent macrocyclization on the resulting secondary structure. A new insight into some structural factors influencing the helicity type and content is provided, along with new prospects on the utilization of this methodology to diversify the molecular tethers linking the amino acid side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel G Ricardo
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata y G, Havana 10400, Cuba; Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Yadiel Vázquéz-Mena
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata y G, Havana 10400, Cuba
| | - Yuleidys Iglesias-Morales
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata y G, Havana 10400, Cuba
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Daniel G Rivera
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata y G, Havana 10400, Cuba; Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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9
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Davern CM, Lowe BD, Rosfi A, Ison EA, Proulx C. Submonomer synthesis of peptoids containing trans-inducing N-imino- and N-alkylamino-glycines. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8401-8410. [PMID: 34221321 PMCID: PMC8221195 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00717c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of hydrazones as a new type of submonomer in peptoid synthesis is described, giving access to peptoid monomers that are structure-inducing. A wide range of hydrazones were found to readily react with α-bromoamides in routine solid phase peptoid submonomer synthesis. Conditions to promote a one-pot cleavage of the peptoid from the resin and reduction to the corresponding N-alkylamino side chains were also identified, and both the N-imino- and N-alkylamino glycine residues were found to favor the trans-amide bond geometry by NMR, X-ray crystallography, and computational analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolynn M Davern
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695-8204 USA
| | - Brandon D Lowe
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695-8204 USA
| | - Adam Rosfi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695-8204 USA
| | - Elon A Ison
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695-8204 USA
| | - Caroline Proulx
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695-8204 USA
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10
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Kobori S, Huh S, Appavoo SD, Yudin AK. Two-Dimensional Barriers for Probing Conformational Shifts in Macrocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5166-5171. [PMID: 33754700 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We describe the development and use of composite two-dimensional barriers in macrocyclic backbones. These tunable constructs derive their mode of action from heterocyclic rearrangements. The Boulton-Katritzky reaction has been identified as a particularly versatile means to effect a composite barrier, allowing the examination of the influence of heterocycle translocation on conformation. Kinetic studies using 1H NMR have revealed that the in-plane atom movement is fast in 17, 18, 19-membered rings but slows down in 16-membered rings. The analysis by NMR and MD simulation experiments is consistent with the maintenance of rare cis-amide motifs during conformational interconversion. Taken together, our investigation demonstrates that heterocyclic rearrangement reactions can be used to control macrocyclic backbones and provides fundamental insights that may be applicable to the development of a wide range of other conformational control elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Kobori
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Sungjoon Huh
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Solomon D Appavoo
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Andrei K Yudin
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario Canada, M5S 3H6
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11
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On-resin multicomponent protocols for biopolymer assembly and derivatization. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:561-578. [PMID: 33473197 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase synthesis represents the methodological showcase for technological advances such as split-and-pool combinatorial chemistry and the automated synthesis of peptides, nucleic acids and polysaccharides. These strategies involve iterative coupling cycles that do not generate functional diversity besides that incorporated by the amino acids, nucleosides and monosaccharide building blocks. In sharp contrast, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are traditionally used to generate both skeletal and appendage diversity in short, batchwise procedures. On-resin MCRs have traditionally been employed for the construction of heterocycle and peptidomimetic libraries, but that scenario has changed recently, and today the focus is more on the solid-phase derivatization of peptides and oligonucleotides. This review presents relevant experimental details and addresses the synthetic scope of such on-resin multicomponent protocols employed to accomplish specific biopolymer covalent modifications that are practically inviable by traditional solution-phase methodologies. Recommendations are provided to facilitate the implementation of solid-supported protocols and avoid possible pitfalls associated with the selection of the polymeric resin, the solvent and the order and amount of the reagents employed. We describe procedures comprising the multicomponent lipidation, biotinylation and labeling of both termini and the side chains, as well as the use of MCRs in the traceless on-resin synthesis of ligated and cyclic peptides. Solid-phase protocols for the assembly of α-helical and parallel β-sheet peptides as well as hybrid peptide-peptoid and peptide-peptide nucleic acid architectures are described. Finally, the solid-supported multicomponent derivatization of DNA oligonucleotides is illustrated as part of the DNA-encoded library technology relying on MCR-derived heterocyclic compounds.
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12
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Apte CN, Diaz DB, Adrianov T, Yudin AK. Grafting Bis(heteroaryl) Motifs into Ring Structures. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chirag N. Apte
- Davenport Research Laboratories; Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George Street M5S3H6 Toronto ON Canada
| | - Diego B. Diaz
- Davenport Research Laboratories; Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George Street M5S3H6 Toronto ON Canada
| | - Timur Adrianov
- Davenport Research Laboratories; Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George Street M5S3H6 Toronto ON Canada
| | - Andrei K. Yudin
- Davenport Research Laboratories; Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George Street M5S3H6 Toronto ON Canada
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13
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Hinkes SPA, Kämmerer S, Klein CDP. Diversity-oriented synthesis of peptide-boronic acids by a versatile building-block approach. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9898-9903. [PMID: 34094250 PMCID: PMC8162117 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03999c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A new strategy for the synthesis of peptide-boronic acids (PBAs) is presented. 20 Fmoc-protected natural amino acids with orthogonal side-chain protection were straightforwardly converted into their corresponding boron analogues in three simple steps. Subsequent immobilisation on commercially available 1-glycerol polystyrene resin and on-resin transformations yielded a diversity of sequences in high purity. The strategy eliminates various synthetic obstacles such as multi-step routes, low yields, and inseparable impurities. The described method comprises great potential to be implemented in automated combinatorial approaches by markedly facilitating the access to a variety of PBAs. The coupling of amino acids or other building blocks with α-aminoboronates allows the creation of hybrid molecules with significant potential in various scientific disciplines, such as medicinal chemistry, structural biology, and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan P A Hinkes
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Severin Kämmerer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Christian D P Klein
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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14
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Jwad R, Weissberger D, Hunter L. Strategies for Fine-Tuning the Conformations of Cyclic Peptides. Chem Rev 2020; 120:9743-9789. [PMID: 32786420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic peptides are promising scaffolds for drug development, attributable in part to their increased conformational order compared to linear peptides. However, when optimizing the target-binding or pharmacokinetic properties of cyclic peptides, it is frequently necessary to "fine-tune" their conformations, e.g., by imposing greater rigidity, by subtly altering certain side chain vectors, or by adjusting the global shape of the macrocycle. This review systematically examines the various types of structural modifications that can be made to cyclic peptides in order to achieve such conformational control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Jwad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Daniel Weissberger
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Luke Hunter
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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