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Li T, Mao J, Zhang S, Ma Q, Chen Y, Yuan Y, Jia X. Organic Bases as the Organic Electron Donors (OED) Promoted Reductive Coupling of Diarylhalomethanes: Halogens Controlled Construction of Tetraarylethylenes and Tetraarylethanes. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39219496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Using the organic base as the organic electron donors, the reductive coupling of diaryhalomethanes was smoothly achieved under transition-metal-free reaction conditions, giving a series of synthetically important tetraarylethylenes and tetraarylethanes in high yields. The mechanistic study revealed that the organic bases acting as the electron donor initiated the generation of a radical intermediate, realizing the construction of tetraarylethylene and tetraarylethane skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Jie Mao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Qiyuan Ma
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Yuqin Chen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
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Li T, Sun Z, Zhang S, Ma Q, Chen Y, Yuan Y, Jia X. Single-Electron Reduction of "Push-Pull" C-C Single Bond and Decyanation Using Tertiary Amines as the Organic Electron Donor. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2516-2524. [PMID: 38319086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Using commercially available tertiary amines as an organic electron donor (OED), the reduction of "push-pull" C-C single bond and reductive decyanation of tetrahydroisoquinolines were realized. These reactions exhibited higher reaction efficiency and better functional group tolerance compared with those of metallic reductants, and the mechanistic study indicated that a radical intermediate was involved in the reduction of the C-C single bond, which provides a new way to the OED-enabled mild reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, China
- Economic Development Bureau, Jiangsu Hangji Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, Yangzhou 225111, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiyuan Ma
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqin Chen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, China
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Zade VM, Gangnale LD, Athawale PR, Reddy DS. Direct Deoxygenation of α-Hydroxy and α,β-Dihydroxy Ketones Using a Silyl Lithium Reagent. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14227-14235. [PMID: 37728533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
A reliable method for the one-step direct deoxygenation of α-hydroxy ketones has been developed using a silyl lithium reagent and acetic anhydride. The method is metal-catalyst-free and does not require prefunctionalization of the hydroxy group prior to its removal. Deoxygenation of different primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols was carried out with up to 98% isolated yield. Additionally, double deoxygenation was achieved when the present method was applied to α,β-dihydroxy ketones to access the corresponding enones in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal M Zade
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Laxmikant D Gangnale
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Paresh R Athawale
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - D Srinivasa Reddy
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
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Zhang G, Liang Q, Yang W, Jiang S, Wang Z, Zhang C, Zhang G. One Pot Synthesis of 1,2‐Disubstituted Ethanones by Base‐Mediated Reductive Homocoupling of Aldehydes. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Zhang
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology CHINA
| | | | - Wei Yang
- Institute of Coal Chemistry CAS CHINA
| | | | - Zhiping Wang
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology CHINA
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Mezzetta A, Guglielmero L, Mero A, Tofani G, D’Andrea F, Pomelli CS, Guazzelli L. Expanding the Chemical Space of Benzimidazole Dicationic Ionic Liquids. Molecules 2021; 26:4211. [PMID: 34299487 PMCID: PMC8303995 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazole dicationic ionic liquids (BDILs) have not yet been widely explored in spite of their potential. Therefore, two structurally related families of BDILs, paired with either bromide or bistriflimide anions and bearing alkyl spacers ranging from C3 to C6, have been prepared. Their thermal properties have been studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), while their electrical properties have been assessed by cyclic voltammetry (CV). TG analysis confirmed the higher stability of the bistriflimide BDILs over the bromide BDILs, with minor variation within the two families. Conversely, DSC and CV allowed for ascertaining the role played by the spacer length. In particular, the thermal behavior changed dramatically among the members of the bistriflimide family, and all three possible thermal behavior types of ILs were observed. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry showed different electrochemical window (C3(C1BenzIm)2/2Tf2N < C4(C1BenzIm)2/2Tf2N, C5(C1BenzIm)2/2Tf2N < C6(C1BenzIm)2/2Tf2N) as well as a reduction peak potential, shape, and intensity as a function of the spacer length. The results obtained highlight the benefit of accessing a more structurally diverse pool of compounds offered by dicationic ILs when compared to the parent monocationic ILs. In particular, gains are to be found in the ease of fine-tuning their properties, which translates in facilitating further investigations toward BDILs as designer solvents and catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mezzetta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (A.M.); (G.T.); (F.D.); (C.S.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Luca Guglielmero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (A.M.); (G.T.); (F.D.); (C.S.P.); (L.G.)
- DESTEC, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelica Mero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (A.M.); (G.T.); (F.D.); (C.S.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Giorgio Tofani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (A.M.); (G.T.); (F.D.); (C.S.P.); (L.G.)
- Department of Physics, University of Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Felicia D’Andrea
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (A.M.); (G.T.); (F.D.); (C.S.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Christian Silvio Pomelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (A.M.); (G.T.); (F.D.); (C.S.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (A.M.); (G.T.); (F.D.); (C.S.P.); (L.G.)
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Frenette BL, Arsenault N, Walker SL, Decken A, Dyker CA. Bis(Iminophosphorano)-Substituted Pyridinium Ions and their Corresponding Bispyridinylidene Organic Electron Donors. Chemistry 2021; 27:8528-8536. [PMID: 33834560 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Optimized synthetic procedures for pyridinium ions featuring iminophosphorano (-N=PR3 ; R=Ph, Cy) π-donor substituents in the 2- and 4- positions are described. Crystallographic and theoretical studies reveal that the strongly donating substituents severely polarize the π-electrons of the pyridyl ring at the expense of aromaticity. Moreover, the pyridinium ions are readily deprotonated to generate powerful bispyridinylidene (BPY) organic electron donors. Electrochemical studies show exceptionally low redox potentials for the two-electron BPY/BPY2+ couples, ranging from -1.71 V vs the saturated calomel electrode for 3PhPh (with four Ph3 P=N- groups) to -1.85 V for 3CyCy (with four Cy3 P=N- groups). These new compounds represent the most reducing neutral organic electron donors (OEDs) currently known. Some preliminary reductions involving 3CyCy showed enhanced capability owing to its low redox potential, such as the thermally activated reduction of an aryl chloride, but purification challenges were often encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Frenette
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Nadine Arsenault
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Sarah L Walker
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Andreas Decken
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - C Adam Dyker
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
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